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School of Biosciences
   
   
  
 

Andy Salter

Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry and Director of Undergraduate Admissions (Biosciences), Faculty of Science

Contact

  • workRoom 57 North Laboratory Building
    Sutton Bonington Campus
    Sutton Bonington
    Leicestershire
    LE12 5RD
    UK
  • work0115 951 6120
  • fax0115 951 6122

Research Summary

Since obtaining my PhD in 1982 I have maintained continuous funding for research into aspects of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. To date this has amounted to over £3 million, in addition to my… read more

Selected Publications

Current Research

Since obtaining my PhD in 1982 I have maintained continuous funding for research into aspects of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. To date this has amounted to over £3 million, in addition to my association with the two successful bids for equipment totalling approximately £4 million from the Joint Infrastructure Fund.

In recent years my research interests have focused on the mechanisms whereby dietary lipids regulate lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Using the Golden Syrian Hamster as a model of human lipoprotein metabolism we have demonstrated that the effects of specific fatty acids on plasma lipoprotein concentrations is associated with changes in the expression of key genes in the liver (1-4). We have also shown interactive effects of dietary fatty acids and cholesterol in modulating lipoprotein metabolism (5). More recently we have focused on the specific mechanisms whereby fatty acids and cholesterol regulate gene expression. We have just completed a series of experiments investigating the regulation of the expression of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP). MTP plays an essential role in the assembly of Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) and we have previously shown its expression to be regulated by fatty acids and cholesterol (2-3). Our analysis of the MTP promoter indicates the presence of three putative DR1 transcription factor binding sites. Such sites are capable of binding a range of transcription factors including the peroxisomal proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) and hepatic nuclear factor 4 (HNF4). Using reporter gene-promoter constructs in which each of the sites are mutated we have demonstrated that two of these sites are regulated by over-expression of both HNF4 and PPARs (alpha and gamma). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays have demonstrated the ability of both sites to bind both classes of transcription factor and chromatin immunoprecipitation has suggested binding of both PPARa and HNF4 to the MTP promoter in rat hepatocytes. Our current hypothesis is that while the interaction of HNF4 with the MTP promoter is essential for basal transcription of the MTP gene, PPARs may play a significant role in metabolic/dietary regulation of the expression of the gene. Some of this data, has been recently presented at conferences (6-7) and a full manuscript is currently in preparation.

Another major area of current research in my laboratory has been in the role of sterol regulatory element binding proteins in mediating the effects of dietary lipids on expression of genes involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. The three SREBP isoforms are believe to be master regulators of the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism (8) Conventionally the SREBP1c isoform is believed to be involved in regulating lipogenic gene expression while SREBP2 regulates expression of genes associated with cholesterol metabolism (including the LDL receptor). SREBP 1a has been suggested to influence the expression of both sets of genes though its expression in liver is very low. However, recent work from our laboratory has suggested that the SREBPs may be more "promiscuous" than previously believed. We have preliminary evidence to suggest that diets rich in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol may down-regulate the expression of some lipogenic genes (fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC)) but not others (stearoyl CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL)) through an interaction of their promoters with SREBP2. In fact, the expression of SCD and LPL is up-regulated by such diets, an effect we attribute to another transcription factor, the Liver X receptor (LXR). It is of note that the promoters of all four of these genes containing sterol regulatory protein and LXR binding sites and we will shortly submit a grant application to further investigate the differential regulation of their expression and promiscuity of the SREBPs.

We have also being investigating the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLAs) on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in the hamster. Recently (manuscript in preparation) we have looked at the impact of low dose dietary supplementation with pure CLA isomers, against a background of both low and high dietary fat. These studies confirm a modest effect of the t10, c12-CLA isomer in reducing adipose tissue deposition and suggest that the mechanism may, at least be in part, through a specific SREBP1c mediated down-regulation of adipose tissue LPL expression.

Working in an environment which is at the interface of animal science and human nutrition has provided the opportunity for collaborations investigating factors influencing the nutritional quality of animal products. In one such project the ovine Stearoyl Coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) gene, responsible for the production of monounsaturated fatty acid, was cloned (10). We then looked at the impact of specific hormones and nutrients on the expression of this gene and how this influences the fatty acid composition of sheep tissues (11-13). It has now become clear that SCD may play an important role in regulating overall fat deposition in animals and inhibition of SCD activity has suggested as a possible treatment for obesity. However, our recent work in the hamster has suggested that this may be associated with potentially adverse effects on plasma lipoprotein and hepatic function (submitted for publication).

My interest in the impact of dietary fatty acids on lipoprotein metabolism has led to a significant collaboration with Professor Dale Bauman (Cornell University) and Dr Adam Lock (University of Vermont). We have shown that butter, produced from milk specifically enriched in c9, t11-CLA (rumenic acid, RA) reduces the concentration of atherogenic lipoproteins in the plasma of cholesterol -fed hamsters compared to standard butter (15). This was despite the fact that such milk was also enriched in the trans monoeic fatty acid, vaccenic acid (t11C18:1, VA). This led to a follow-up study comparing the effects of VA with elaidic acid (t9C18:1, EA) and partially hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO). Surprisingly, both pure trans isomers, reduced cholesterol compared with PHVO. This effect was associated with a relative down-regulation of hepatic LDL receptor expression. This work will be submitted for publication within the next month.

An increasing focus of my research is the impact of the nutritional environment encountered during fetal life, as a determinant of lifelong metabolic capacity and risk of disease. We have shown that a low protein diet in pregnancy leads to hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance in the offspring at 18 months of age (16). These phenotypic changes were accompanied by age-related changes in mRNA and protein expression of the transcription factors SREBP-1c, ChREBP, PPAR a and PPARg and their respective downstream target genes, ACC-1, FAS, L-PK and MCAD. The findings indicate that prenatal protein restriction programmes development of a metabolic syndrome-like phenotype that develops only with senescence. More recently we have shown that a similar low protein maternal diet leads to an approximate doubling of the extent of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta of apoE*3 Leiden transgenic mice (a strain known to develop diet -dependent atherosclerosis) offspring fed for 3 months on an atherogenic diet. This was associated with increases in both plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol. Using an atherosclerosis array we have identified a number changes in gene expression in these offspring, including down-regulation of the hepatic LDL receptor. This work has been submitted for publication. A similar experiment looking at the impact of a maternal high fat diet (designed to have a similar fatty acid composition to a typical "Western" diet) is nearing completion. In collaboration with Dr Adam Lock (University of Vermont) we have applied for funding (USDA) to investigate the impact of different sources (dairy vs hydrogenated fat) of trans fatty acids in the maternal diet. Further applications to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects and the potential for using protective fatty acid (n-3 PUFA, CLA) to reverse such "fetal programming" are under preparation.

References

1) Bennett, AJ, Billett, MA, Salter, AM, Mangiapane, EH, Bruce, JS, Anderton, KL, Marenah, CB, Lawson, N & White, DA (1995) Modulation of hepatic apolipoprotein-b, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase and low-density-lipoprotein receptor messenger-RNA and plasma-lipoprotein concentrations by defined dietary fats - comparison of trimyristin, tripalmitin, tristerin and triolein. Biochem J 311, 167-173

2) Bennett, AJ, Billett, MA, Salter, AM & White, DA (1995) regulation of hamster hepatic-microsomal triglyceride transfer protein messenger-RNA levels by dietary fats. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 212, 473-478

3) Bennett, AJ, Bruce, JS, Salter, AM, White, DA & Billett, MA (1996) Hepatic microsomal triglyceride transfer protein messenger RNA concentrations are increased by dietary cholesterol in hamsters. FEBS Lett. 394, 247-250

4) Salter, AM, Mangiapane, EH, Bennett, AJ, Bruce, JS, Billett, MA, Anderton, KL, Marenah, CB, Lawson, N & White, DA (1998) The effect of different dietary fatty acids on lipoprotein metabolism: concentration-dependent effects of diets enriched in oleic, myristic, palmitic and stearic acids. Br. J. Nutr. 79, 195-202

5) Billett,MA, Bruce, JS, White,DA, Bennett,AJ, Salter,AM (2000) Interactive effects of dietary cholesterol and different saturated fatty acids on lipoprotein metabolism. Br J Nutr 84, 439-447

6) Vallim, T. Salter, A & Bennett, A (2006) Transcriptional regulation of the microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein by members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Nutrition Society Summer Meeting, Aberdeen, 2006 Abstract OC037

7) Vallim, T. Salter, A & Bennett, A (2007). Transcriptional control of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein by members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Keystone Symposium-Nuclear Receptor Pathways to Metabolic Regulation, 2007 Poster #323

8) Salter AM & Tarling E (2007) Regulation of gene transcription by fatty acids. Animal 1: 1314-1320

9) Ward, RJ, Travers, MT, Richards, SE, Vernon, RG, Salter, AM, Buttery, PJ & Barber, MC (1998) Stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA is transcribed from a single gene in the ovine genome. Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Lipids Lipid Metab. 1391, 145-156

10) Daniel,ZCTR, Richards,SE, Salter,AM & Buttery, PJ (2004) Insulin and dexamethasone regulate stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA levels and fatty acid synthesis in ovine adipose tissue. J Anim Sci 82, 231-237

11) Daniel,ZCTR, Wynn,RJ, Salter,AM & Buttery,PJ (2004) Differing effects of forage and concentrate diets on the oleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid content of sheep tissues: The role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. J Anim Sci 82, 747-758

12) Daniel,ZCTR, Salter,AM, Buttery,PJ (2004) Vitamin A regulation of stearoyl-Co A desaturase mRNA levels and fatty acid composition in sheep tissues. Anim Sci 78, 237-243

13) Lock AL, Horne CA, Bauman DE, Salter AM (2005) Butter naturally enriched in conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid alters tissue fatty acids and improves the plasma lipoprotein profile in cholesterol-fed hamsters. Journal of Nutrition, 135:1934-1939

14) Erhuma, A, Salter, AM, Sculley, DV, Langley-Evans, SC & Bennett, A. (2007) Prenatal exposure to a low protein diet programmes disordered regulation of lipid metabolism in the ageing rat. Am J Physiol. 292: E1702-E1714

15) Yates Z, Tarling EJ, Langley-Evans, SC and Salter, AM (2008) Maternal undernutrition programmes atherosclerosis in the apo E*3 Leiden mouse. Submitted to Circulation

  • HUGHES J, KWONG WY, LI D, SALTER AM, LEA RG and SINCLAIR KD, 2011. Effects Of Omega-3 And -6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids On Ovine Follicular Cell Steroidogenesis, Embryo Development And Molecular Markers Of Fatty Acid Metabolism. Reproduction (Cambridge, England). 141(1), 105-18
  • ZULKIFLI, R M, PARR, T, SALTER, A M and BRAMELD, J M, 2010. Regulation of ovine and porcine stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase gene promoters by fatty acids and sterols. Journal of animal science. 88(8), 2565-75
  • WONNACOTT KE, KWONG WY, HUGHES J, SALTER AM, LEA RG, GARNSWORTHY PC and SINCLAIR KD, 2010. Dietary Omega-3 And -6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Affect The Composition And Development Of Sheep Granulosa Cells, Oocytes And Embryos. Reproduction (Cambridge, England). 139(1), 57-69
  • WELHAM, S.J.M. and CLARK, A.J.L. AND SALTER, A.M., 2009. A novel liver specific isoform of the rat LAR transcript is expressed as a truncated isoform encoded from a 5’UTR located within intron 11. BMC Molecular Biology. 10(in press), (In Press.)
  • TYBURCZY,C, MAJOR, C, LOCK, AL, DESTAILLATS, F and LAWRENCE, P, BRENNA, JT, SALTER AM & BAUMAN DE, 2009. Differential effects of individual trans octadecenoic acids and partially hydrogenated vegetable oil on hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in the Golden Syrian Hamster Journal of Nutrition. 139, 257-263
  • YATES, ZOE, TARLING, ELIZABETH J, LANGLEY-EVANS, SIMON C and SALTER, ANDREW M, 2009. Maternal undernutrition programmes atherosclerosis in the ApoE*3-Leiden mouse. British Journal of Nutrition. 101(8), 1185-94
  • TARLING EJ, RYAN KJP, BENNETT AJ and SALTER AM, 2009. Effect Of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers On Lipid Metabolism In Hamsters Fed High-Carbohydrate And High-Fat Diets. The British Journal Of Nutrition. 101(11), 1630-8
  • YATES, Z, TARLING, EJ, LANGLEY-EVANS, SC and SALTER, AM, 2009. Maternal Undernutrition Programmes Atherosclerosis In The Apoe*3-Leiden Mouse British Journal Of Nutrition. 101(8), 1185-1194
  • MAJOR, C., RYAN,K., BENNETT, A.J., LOCK, A.L., BAUMAN, D.A. and SALTER,A.M, 2008. Inhibition of stearoyl coenzyme a desaturase activity induces hypercholesterolemia in the cholesterol-Fed Hamster. Journal of Lipid Research. 49, 1456-1465
  • TARLING, EJ, RYAN, KJP, BENNETT AJ & SALTER AM, 2008. Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid isomers on lipid metabolism in hamsters fed high-carbohydrate and high- fat diets: CLA Isomers and Lipid Metabolism British Journal of Nutrition. (In Press.)
  • YATES, Z., TARLING, E.J., LANGLEY-EVANS, S.C. and SALTER, A.M., 2008. Maternal undernutrition programmes atherosclerosis in the Apo E*3 Leiden mouse. British Journal of Nutrition. (In Press.)
  • FENG, S., SALTER, A.M., PARR, T. and GARNSWORTHY, P.C., 2007. Extraction and quantitative analysis of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase mRNA from dairy cow milk somatic cells Journal of Dairy Science. 90(9), 4128-4136
  • ERHUMA, A., SALTER, A.M., SCULLEY, D.V., LANGLEY-EVANS, S.C. and BENNETT, A.J., 2007. Prenatal exposure to a low-protein diet programs disordered regulation of lipid metabolism in the aging rat. American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism. 292(6), E1702-E1714
  • SALTER, A.M. and TARLING, E.J., 2007. Regulation of gene transcription by fatty acids Animal. 1(9), 1314-1320
  • WYNN, R.J., DANIEL, Z.C.T.R., FLUX, C.L., CRAIGON, J., SALTER, A.M. and BUTTERY, P.J., 2006. Effect of feeding rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid on carcass characteristics and fatty acid composition of sheep tissues Journal of Animal Science. 84(12), 3440-3450
  • HURLEY, M.S., FLUX, C., SALTER, A.M. and BRAMELD, J.M., 2006. Effects of fatty acids on skeletal muscle cell differentiation in vitro British Journal of Nutrition. 95(3), 623-630
  • SALTER, A. M., LOCK, A. L., GARNSWORTHY, P. C. and BAUMAN, D. E., 2006. MILK FATTY ACIDS: IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN HEALTH RECENT ADVANCES IN ANIMAL NUTRITION - 2006. CONF 40, 1-18
  • LOCK, A.L., HORNE, C A.M., BAUMAN, D.E. and SALTER, A.M., 2005. Butter naturally enriched in conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid alters tissue fatty acids and improves the plasma lipoprotein profile in cholesterol-fed hamsters Journal of Nutrition. 135(8), 1934-1939
  • SALTER,A.M., 2005. The role of diet in preventing cardiovascular disease in the "post-Statin" era. Proceeding of the Cornell Nutrition Conference.
  • DANIEL, Z.C.T.R., WYNN, R.J., SALTER, A.M. and BUTTERY, P.J., 2004. Differing effects of forage and concentrate diets on the oleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid content of sheep tissues: the role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase Journal of Animal Science. 82(3), 747-758
  • CHOUDHURY, A.I., SIMS, H.M., HORLEY, N.J., ROBERTS, R.A., TOMLINSON, S.R., SALTER, A.M., BRUCE, M., SHAW, P.N., KENDALL, D., BARRETT, D.A. and BELL, D.R., 2004. Molecular analysis of peroxisome proliferation in the hamster. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 197(1), 9-18
  • DANIEL, Z.C.T.R., RICHARDS, S.E., SALTER, A.M. and BUTTERY, P.J., 2004. Insulin and dexamethasone regulate stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA levels and fatty acid synthesis in ovine adipose tissue explants Journal of Animal Science. 82(1), 231-237
  • DANIEL, Z.C.T.R., SALTER, A.M. and BUTTERY, P.J., 2004. Vitamin A regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA levels and fatty acid composition in sheep tissues Animal Science. 78(2), 237-244
  • DANIEL, Z.C.T.R., WYNN, R.J., FLUX, C.L., SALTER, A.M. and BUTTERY, P.J., 2004. Effect of increasing conjugated linoleic acid content on carcass characteristics of sheep Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences. 13(Supp/1), 677-680
  • TARLING, E., SALTER, A. and BENNETT, A., 2004. Transcriptional regulation of human SREBP-1c (sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1c): a key regulator of lipogenesis Biochemical Society Transactions. VOL 32(PART 1), 107-109
  • MCATEER, M.A., GRIMSDITCH, D.C., VIDGEON-HART, M., BENSON, G.M. and SALTER, A.M., 2003. Dietary cholesterol reduces lipoprotein lipase activity in the atherosclerosis-susceptible Bio F<SUB>1</SUB>B hamster. British Journal of Nutrition. 89(3), 341-350
  • SENSKY, P.L., BARDSLEY, R.G., BRAMELD, J.M., DANIEL, Z.C., FAHEY, A., JEWELL, K.K., LEE, G.K., PARR, T., SALTER, A.M., SAZILI, A.Q., BUTTERY, P.J., WISEMAN, J., VARLEY, M.A. and KEMP, B., 2003. The biochemical basis for aspects of meat quality. In: WISEMAN, J., VARLEY, M.A. and B. KEMP, eds., Perspectives in pig science Nottingham: Nottingham University Press. 133
  • GRAY, D.A., CLARKE, M.J., BAUX, C., BUNTING, J.P. and SALTER, A.M., 2002. Antioxidant activity of oat extracts added to human LDL particles and in free radical trapping assays Journal of Cereal Science. 36(2), 209-218
  • SALTER, A.M., DANIELS, Z.C., WYNN, R.J., LOCK, A.L., GARNSWORTHY, P.C., BUTTERY, P.J., GARNSWORTHY, P.C. and WISEMAN, J., 2002. Manipulating the fatty acid composition of animal products. What has and what might be achieved. In: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition 2002 33
  • SIMS, H. M., SALTER, A. M. and BELL, D. R., 2002. Mechanism of PPARalpha agonist-induced hypolipidaemia in guinea pigs Toxicology. VOL 178(NO 1), 32-50
  • IDDON, C. R., WILKINSON, J., BENNETT, A. J., BENNETT, J., SALTER, A. M. and HIGGINS, J. A., 2001. A role for smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane cholesterol ester in determining the intracellular location and regulation of sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-2 Biochemical Journal. 358(2), 415-422
  • CHAHAL, S. S., BELL, D. R., SALTER, A., BARRATT, D. and BRUCE, M., 2001. The Effects of Peroxisomal Proliferators in Hamster Toxicology. VOL 168(NO 1), 64
  • CLARKE, P. N., BENSON, G. M., SMITH, D. R., SALTER, A. and BELL, D. R., 2001. The Role of PPARalpha in the Mechanism of Action of the Hypolipidaemic Effect of Dietary Fish Oils Toxicology. VOL 168(NO 1), 64
  • CHOUDHURY, A. I., CHAHAL, S., BELL, A. R., TOMLINSON, S. R., ROBERTS, R. A., SALTER, A. M. and BELL, D. R., 2000. Species differences in peroxisome proliferation; mechanisms and relevance MUTATION RESEARCH. VOL 448(NUMBER 2), 201-212
  • BARBER, M.C., WARD, R.J., RICHARDS, S.E., SALTER, A.M., BUTTERY, P.J., VERNON, R.G. and TRAVERS, M.T., 2000. Ovine adipose tissue monounsaturated fat content is correlated to depot-specific expression of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene Journal of Animal Science. 78, 62-68
  • MANGIAPANE, E. H., MCATEER, M. A., BENSON, G. M., WHITE, D. A. and SALTER, A. M., 1999. Modulation of the regression of atherosclerosis in the hamster by dietary lipids: comparison of coconut oil and olive oil British Journal of Nutrition. VOL 82(NUMBER 5), 401-409
  • SALTER, A.M., RICHARDS, S.E., WARD, R.J., TRAVER, M.T., BARBER, M.C., VERNON, R.G. and BUTTERY, P.J., 1999. Stearoyl CoA desaturase activity determines the oleic acid content of ovine adipose tissue In: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 29A
  • BENNETT, A. J., SIMS, H. M., FORD, A., LAWLER, K., WHITE, D. A., SALTER, A. M. and BILLETT, M. A., 1999. Regulation of the hepatic microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) gene by dietary cholesterol is maintained in isolated hepatocytes Biochemical Society Transactions. VOL 27(NUMBER 1), 50
  • SIMS, H.M., FORD, A., BENNETT, A.J., WHITE, D.A., BILLETT, M.A. and SALTER, A.M., 1999. The effect of dietary cholesterol on the expression of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein In: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 28A
  • SIMS, H. M., BENNETT, A. J., LAWLER, K., BILLETT, M. A., WHITE, D. A. and SALTER, A. M., 1999. Mechanism of regulation of microsomal triglyceride-transfer protein gene expression by dietary cholesterol Biochemical Society Transactions. VOL 27(NUMBER 3), 122
  • MCATEER,M.A., BENSON,G.M. and SALTER,A.M., 1999. Exaggerated postprandial lipaemic response of the F1B hamster to a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet Atherosclerosis. 145, 435
  • BRAMELD, J.M., SENSKY, P.L., BUDD, T., HARPER, J.M., PARR, T., WARD, R., WRIGHT, M., BARDSLEY, R.G., DAWSON, J., SALTER, A.M. and BUTTERY, P.J., 1998. Protein and fat metabolism in muscle and adipose tissue: its influence on meat quality. In: WISEMAN, J., VARLEY, M.A. and CHADWICK, J.P., eds., Progress in pig science Nottingham: Nottingham University Press. 443-460
  • SALTER, A. M., MANGIAPANE, E. H., BENNETT, A. J., BRUCE, J. S., BILLETT, M. A., ANDERTON, K. L., MARENAH, C. B., LAWSON, N. and WHITE, D. A., 1998. The effect of different dietary fatty acids on lipoprotein metabolism: concentration-dependent effects of diets enriched in oleic, myristic, palmitic and stearic acids British Journal of Nutrition. VOL 79(NUMBER 2), 195-202
  • BELL, A. R., SAVORY, R., HORLEY, N. J., CHOUDHURY, A. I., DICKINS, M., GRAY, T. J. B., SALTER, A. M. and BELL, D. R., 1998. Molecular basis of non-responsiveness to peroxisome proliferators: the guinea-pig PPARà is functional and mediates peroxisome proliferator-induced hypolipidaemia Biochemical Journal. VOL 332(NUMBER 3), 689-693
  • WARD, R.J., TRAVERS, M.T., RICHARDS, S.E., VERNON, R.G., SALTER, A.M., BUTTERY, P.J. and BARBER, M.C., 1998. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA is transcribed from a single gene in the ovine genome Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA). Biomembranes. 1391(2), 145-156
  • WHITE, D. A., BENNETT, A. J., BILLETT, M. A. and SALTER, A. M., 1998. The assembly of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins: an essential role for the microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein British Journal of Nutrition. VOL 80(NUMBER 3), 219-229
  • SALTER, A. M., WIGGINS, D., SESSIONS, V. A. and GIBBONS, G. F., 1998. The intracellular triacylglycerol/fatty acid cycle: a comparison of its activity in hepatocytes which secrete exclusively apolipoprotein (apo) B~1~0~0 very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and in those which secrete predominantly apoB~4~8 VLDL Biochemical Journal. VOL 332(NUMBER 3), 667-672
  • WRIGHT, S M and SALTER, A M, 1998. Effects of soy protein on plasma cholesterol and bile acid excretion in hamsters. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology.. 119(2), 247-54
  • SESSIONS, V.A., LOVEGROVE, J.A., DEAN, T.S., WILLIAMS, C.M., SANDERS, T.A., MACDONALD, I.A. and SALTER, A.M., 1998. The effect of a new fermented milk product on plasma cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations in Middle aged Men and Women. In: Functional foods: the consumer, the products and the evidence Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK. 15-19
  • RICHARDS, S.E., SALTER, A.M. and BUTTERY, P.J., 1997. Examination of the fatty acid composition and lipogenic enzymes of perirenal adipose tissue in growing lambs In: Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1997. 189
  • WARD, R.J., TRAVERS, M.T., VERNON, R.G., SALTER, A.M., BUTTERY, P.J. and BARBER, M.C., 1997. The ovine stearyl-CoA desaturase gene: cloning and determination of gene number within the ovine genome Biochemical Society Transactions. 25, S673
  • SESSIONS, V.A., LOVEGROVE, J.A., TAYLOR, G.R., DEAN, T.S., WILLIAMS, C.M., SANDERS, T.A., MACDONALD, I.A. and SALTER, A.M., 1997. The effect of a new fermented milk product on total plasma cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations in middle-aged men and women In: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 285A
  • WHITE, D A, BENNETT, A J, BILLETT, M A and SALTER, A M, 1997. Genetic determinants of plasma lipoprotein levels and their dietary response. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. 57(4-5), 455-62
  • BRAMELD, J.M., ATKINSON, J.L., BUDD, T.J., SAUNDERS, J.C., PELL, J.M., SALTER, A.M., GILMOUR, R.S. and BUTTERY, P.J., 1996. Expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone-receptor (GHR) mRNA in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of different breeds of pig Animal Science. 62(3), 555-560
  • BRUCE, J. S. and SALTER, A. M., 1996. Metabolic fate of oleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid in cultured hamster hepatocytes Biochemical Journal. VOL 316(NUMBER 3), 847-852
  • SALTER, A.M., 1996. Plasma Lipids and Triacylglycerol Structure. In: Lipids & Nutrition: Current Hot Topics PJ Barnes & Associates, Bridgwater, UK. 11-31
  • SALTER, A. M. and WHITE, D. A., 1996. Effects of dietary fat on cholesterol metabolism: regulation of plasma LDL concentrations Nutrition Research Reviews. VOL 9, 241-257
  • BRAMELD, J.M., ATKINSON, J.L., BUDD, T.J., SAUNDERS, J.C., SALTER, A.M., GILMOUR, R.S. and BUTTERY, P.J., 1995. Expression of IGF-I and GH-receptor (GHR) mRNA in liver and skeletal muscle of different pig breeds Animal Science. 60, 561
  • BENNETT, A. J., BILLETT, M. A., SALTER, A. M. and MANGIAPANE, E. H., 1995. Modulation of hepatic apolipoprotein B, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA and plasma lipoprotein concentrations by defined dietary fats: Comparison of trimyristin, tripalmitin, tristearin and triolein Biochemical Journal. VOL 311(NUMBER 1), 167
  • BENNETT, A. J., BILLETT, M. A., SALTER, A. M. and WHITE, D. A., 1995. Regulation of Hamster Hepatic Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein mRNA Levels by Dietary Fats Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. VOL 212(NUMBER 2), 473
  • PUFAL, D. A., QUINLAN, P. T. and SALTER, A. M., 1995. Effect of dietary triacylglycerol structure on lipoprotein metabolism: A comparison of the effects of dioleoylpalmitoylglycerol in which palmitate is esterified to the 2-or 1(3) -position of the glycerol BBA - Biomembranes. VOL 1258(NUMBER 1), 41
  • SALTER, A M, 1995. The influence of trans fatty acids on health. Clinical Science. 88(4), 373-4
  • SESSIONS, V A and SALTER, A M, 1995. Low density lipoprotein binding to monolayer cultures of hepatocytes isolated from hamsters fed different dietary fatty acids. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1258(1), 61-9
  • BUDD, T.J., ATKINSON, J.L., BUTTERY, P.J. and SALTER, A.M. AND WISEMAN, J., 1994. Effect of insulin and isoproterenol on lipid metabolism in porcine adipose tissue from different depots Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C. 108(2), 137
  • HUGGETT, C.D., BUTTERY, P.J. and SALTER, A.M., 1994. The effect of an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor on plasma VLDL cholesterol and egg cholesterol in the laying hen Winter Meeting- British Society of Animal Production. 50th, 173
  • SALTER, A M, PUFAL, D A and QUINLAN, P, 1994. The effects of two structural isomers of a dietary triacylglycerol on chylomicron metabolism. Biochemical Society Transactions. 22(2), 109S
  • BRUCE, J. S., RICHARDS, S., LEGRAND, G. and SALTER, A. M., 1994. Desaturation and esterification of palmitic and stearic acids in cultured hepatocytes Biochemical Society Transactions. VOL 23(NUMBER 2), 302S
  • BRUCE, J S, MANGIAPANE, E H, WHITE, D, MARENAH, C and SALTER, A M, 1994. Effects of different dietary saturated fats on plasma lipoprotein levels in hamsters. Biochemical Society Transactions. 22(2), 104S
  • HUGGETT, C.D., BUTTERY, P.J. and SALTER, A.M., 1993. Plasma VLDL cholesterol and egg cholesterol are resistant to change in the laying hen Biochemical Society Transactions. 21, 147S
  • BENNETT, A. J., BILLET, M. A., SALTER, A. M. and WEST, D. W., 1993. The effect of diets containing defined triglycerides on hepatic apolipoprotein B, HMGCoA reductase and LDL receptor mRNA levels in the Syrian hamster Biochemical Society Transactions. VOL 22(NUMBER 2), 112S
  • BUDD, T.J., SALTER, A.M. and BUTTERY, P.J., 1993. Depot specific effects of insulin and isoproterenol on porcine adipose tissue metabolism Biochemical Society Transactions. 21, 149S
  • SESSIONS,V.A., BRINDLEY,D.N. and SALTER,A.M., 1993. Cholesterol feeding increases serum VLDL and hepatic phosphatidate phosphohydrolase in hamsters Biochemical Society Transactions. 148S (Abstract),
  • SALTER, A.M., 1993. Effect of dietary fat and cholesterol on plasma total cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol. In: Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in non-smokers Karger, S. AG, Basel, CHE. 86-94
  • SALTER,A.M. and SESSIONS,V.A., 1993. LDL binding to hepatocytes isolated from hamsters fed different fatty acids Biochemical Society Transactions. 150S (Abstract),
  • WRIGHT, S M and SALTER, A M, 1993. The effect of dietary casein and soyprotein on cholesterol metabolism in hamsters. Biochemical Society Transactions. 21(2), 155S
  • SESSIONS, V A, MARTIN, A, GOMEZ-MUñOZ, A, BRINDLEY, D N and SALTER, A M, 1993. Cholesterol feeding induces hypertriglyceridaemia in hamsters and increases the activity of the Mg(2+)-dependent phosphatidate phosphohydrolase in the liver. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1166(2-3), 238-43
  • SALTER, A M, HAYASHI, R, AL-SEENI, M, BROWN, N F, BRUCE, J, SORENSEN, O, ATKINSON, E A, MIDDLETON, B, BLEACKLEY, R C and BRINDLEY, D N, 1991. Effects of hypothyroidism and high-fat feeding on mRNA concentrations for the low-density-lipoprotein receptor and on acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activities in rat liver. Biochemical Journal. 276 ( Pt 3), 825-32
  • SALTER,A.M., EKINS,N., ALSEENI,M., BRINDLEY,D.N. and MIDDLETON,B., 1990. Cholesterol Esterification Plays a Major Role in Determining Low-Density-Lipoprotein Receptor Activity in Primary Monolayer Cultures of Rat Hepatocytes Biochemical Journal. 263, 255-260
  • SALTER, A.M. and BRINDLEY, D.N., 1989. Regulation of the Binding of Low Density Lipoprotein to Cultured Rat Hepatocytes In: Proceedings of the Friedrich Schiller University, Jena.
  • SALTER,A.M., BRINDLEY,D.N., BROWN,N.F., FISHER,S.C. and FEARS,R., 1989. Role of Insulin and Counter-Regulatory Hormones in the Control of Hepatic Glycero-Lipid Synthesis and Low Density Lipoprotein Catabolism in Diabetes Biochemical Society Transactions. 17, 43-46
  • SALTER,A.M., ALSEENI,M., BRINDLEY,D.N. and MIDDLETON,B., 1989. Inhibition of cholesterol esterification in rat hepatocytes is necessary for down-regulation of low density-lipoprotein receptor activity Biochemical Society Transactions. 17, 112-113
  • BROWN,N.F., SALTER,A.M., FEARS,R. and BRINDLEY,D.N., 1989. Glucagon, cyclic AMP and adrenalin stimulate the degradation of low density lipoprotein by cultured rat hepatocytes Biochemical Journal. 262, 425-442
  • HEFFRON,F., SALTER,A.M. and WHITE,D.A., 1989. Benzloxytrimethylcyclohexane: An inhibitor of cholesterol esterification Biochemical Society Transactions. 17, 361
  • SALTER,A.M. and BRINDLEY,D.N., 1988. The Biochemistry of Lipoproteins Journal of Inherited Metabolic Diseases. Suppl 1, Apr-17
  • VALLIM T and SALTER AM, 1. Regulation Of Hepatic Gene Expression By Saturated Fatty Acids. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, And Essential Fatty Acids. 82(4-6), 211-8

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