The University of Nottingham's Academic Offences Policy and Procedure defines academic misconduct by saying "It is an academic offence to attempt to gain for oneself or another person an unpermitted advantage in an assessment". It lists the following as academic offences: plagiarism, cheating in examinations and fabrication as academic offences. It defines Research misconduct within its Research Code of Conduct in the following extract:

"Research misconduct means fabrication, falsification, plagiarism or deception in proposing, carrying out or reporting results of research and deliberate, dangerous or negligent deviations from accepted practice in carrying out research and from this Code of Practice. It includes failure to follow established protocols if this failure results in unreasonable risk or harm to humans, other vertebrates or the environment. It also includes assisting in misconduct by other researchers by collusion in, or concealment of, any of the actions listed above.

It does not include honest error or honest differences in the design, execution, interpretation or judgement in evaluating research methods or results or misconduct (including gross misconduct) unrelated to the research process."

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