The problem of interference radiated from interconnects in realistic environments is becoming of increased concern. In particular, the fields generated by tracks on a printed-circuit board (PCB) make a major contribution to the electromagnetic (EM) radiation.

Characteristics of tracks and the currents carried on the tracks have been analysed by various methods, such as analytical method, travelling wave method, MM method and TLM method. The travelling wave method was chosen as a major analysis tool since it brings out more details and provides a more accurate, convenient and faster solution. Equivalent circuits are established based on the characteristics analysis. Tracks that are more likely to radiate due to discontinuities, such as a bend are identified. The fields generated by tracks are estimated from the equivalent circuit. Relevant experiments are performed to verify the analysis.