David Clarke

Contact

• workRoom A11 School of Psychology
  University Park
  Nottingham
  NG7 2RD
  UK
• work0115 95 15284
• fax0115 95 15324
• david.clarke@nottingham.ac.uk
• http://www.psychology.nottingham.ac.uk/staff/ddc/

Research Summary

"Of all the truths relating to phenomena, the most valuable to us are those which relate to the order of their succession. On a knowledge of these is founded every reasonable anticipation of future… read more

Recent Publications

• LAWSON, G., SHARPLES, S., CLARKE, D. and COBB, S., 2013. Validating a low cost approach for predicting human responses to emergency situations Applied Ergonomics. 44(1), 27-34
• KEATLEY, D., CLARKE, D.D. and HAGGER, M.S., 2013. The predictive validity of implicit measures of self-determined motivation across health-related behaviours British Journal of Health Psychology. 18(1), 2-17
• SHAHAR A, VAN LOON E, CLARKE D and CRUNDALL D, 2012. Attending Overtaking Cars And Motorcycles Through The Mirrors Before Changing Lanes. Accident; Analysis And Prevention. 44(1), 104-10
• CRUNDALL, D., CRUNDALL, E., CLARKE, D. and SHAHAR, A., 2012. Why do car drivers fail to give way to motorcycles at t-junctions? Accident, Analysis and Prevention. 44(1), 88-96

• View all publications

Current Research

"Of all the truths relating to phenomena, the most valuable to us are those which relate to the order of their succession. On a knowledge of these is founded every reasonable anticipation of future facts, and whatever power we possess of influencing those facts to our advantage." (John Stuart Mill, 1851)

My research is about sequences of actions and events. Partly this is for practical reasons - patterns of events, if understood appropriately, can be steered towards good outcomes and away from bad ones. Partly it is for theoretical reasons - the sequence of events produced by any system tells us a lot about its internal processes. This provides a good way of doing research even when experiments as such are impossible, perhaps because the topic involves events from the past, or because the likely causes are too hard or too important to manipulate.

There are three general objectives. One is to find new, different and better ways to extract patterns from sequences of events. The second is to find out more about the processes which make the sequences as they are. The third is to exploit the practical applications of these methods and findings.

For some years now I have concentrated on the analysis of road traffic collisions, with other strands of research involving violent crime, and the role of emotion in decision-making.

Future Research

The interplay of emotion, cognition, decision and action in humans, through sequential case-study and experiment.

• LAWSON, G., SHARPLES, S., CLARKE, D. and COBB, S., 2013. Validating a low cost approach for predicting human responses to emergency situations Applied Ergonomics. 44(1), 27-34
• KEATLEY, D., CLARKE, D.D. and HAGGER, M.S., 2013. The predictive validity of implicit measures of self-determined motivation across health-related behaviours British Journal of Health Psychology. 18(1), 2-17
• SHAHAR A, VAN LOON E, CLARKE D and CRUNDALL D, 2012. Attending Overtaking Cars And Motorcycles Through The Mirrors Before Changing Lanes. Accident; Analysis And Prevention. 44(1), 104-10
• CRUNDALL, D., CRUNDALL, E., CLARKE, D. and SHAHAR, A., 2012. Why do car drivers fail to give way to motorcycles at t-junctions? Accident, Analysis and Prevention. 44(1), 88-96
• KEATLEY, D., CLARKE, D.D. and HAGGER, M.S., 2012. Investigating the predictive validity of implicit and explicit measures of motivation on condom use, physical activity and healthy eating Psychology and Health. 27(5), 550-569
• NERLICH, B., FORSYTH, R.S. and CLARKE, D.D., 2012. Climate in the news: how differences in media discourse between the US and UK reflect national priorities Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture. 6(1), 44-63
• SHAHAR A, CLARKE D and CRUNDALL D, 2011. Applying The Motorcyclist's Perspective To Improve Car Drivers' Attitudes Towards Motorcyclists. Accident; Analysis And Prevention. 43(5), 1743-50
• SHAHAR A, ALBERTI CF, CLARKE D and CRUNDALL D, 2010. Hazard Perception As A Function Of Target Location And The Field Of View. Accident; Analysis And Prevention. 42(6), 1577-84
• CLARKE, D.D., WARD, P., BARTLE, C. and TRUMAN, W., 2010. Older drivers' road traffic crashes in the UK Accident, Analysis and Prevention. 42(4), 1018-1024
• CLARKE, D.D., WARD, P., BARTLE, C. and TRUMAN, W., 2010. Killer crashes: fatal road traffic accidents in the UK Accident Analysis and Prevention. 42(2), 764-770
• LAWRENCE, C., FOSSI, J. and CLARKE, D., 2010. A sequential examination of offenders' verbal strategies during stranger rapes: the influence of location Psychology, Crime and Law. 16(5), 381-400
• SHAHAR A, POULTER D, CLARKE DD and CRUNDALL DE, 2010. Motorcyclists' and car drivers' responses to hazards Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 13(4), 243-254
• CLARKE, D.D., WARD, P., BARTLE, C. and TRUMAN, W., 2009. Work-related road traffic collisions in the UK Accident Analysis and Prevention. 41(2), 345-351
• TURNER K and CLARKE DD, 2009. Aggression in Intellectual Disability: A New Approach Mental Health Review Journal. 14(2), 28-36
• LAWSON G, SHARPLES S, COBB S and CLARKE DD, 2009. Predicting the human response to an emergency. In: BUST PD, ed., Contemporary Ergonomics 2009: Proceedings of the Ergonomics Society’s Annual Conference, London 22-23 April 2009 Taylor and Francis. 525-532
• LAWSON G, SHARPLES S, CLARKE DD and COBB S, 2009. The use of experts for predicting human behaviour in fire. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Human Behaviour in Fire, Cambridge 13-15 July 2009 Interscience Communications. 493-500
• LAWSON G, SHARPLES S, CLARKE DD and COBB S, 2009. Development of a technique for predicting the human response to an emergency situation. In: HARRIS D, ed., Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference, EPCE 2009 SPRINGER. 22-31
• JOSEPH S, BEER C, CLARKE DD, FORMAN A, PICKERSGILL M, SWIFT J, TAYLOR J and TISCHLER V, 2009. Qualitative Research into Mental Health: Reflections on Epistemology Mental Health Review Journal. 14(1), 36-42
• POULTER, D.R., CHAPMAN, P., BIBBY, P.A., CLARKE, D.D. and CRUNDALL, D., 2008. An application of the theory of planned behaviour to truck driving behaviour and compliance with regulations Accident Analysis and Prevention. 40(6), 2058-2064
• CRUNDALL, D., BIBBY, P., CLARKE, D., WARD, P. and BARTLE, C., 2008. Car drivers' attitudes towards motorcyclists: a survey Accident, Analysis and Prevention. 40(3), 983-993
• NERLICH, B and CLARKE, D. D., 2008. Children's perceptions of nanotechnology: A classroom experiment. In: SWEENEY, A. E., ed., Nanoscale Science and Engineering Education: Issues, trends and future directions. American Scientific Publishers. 535-546
• CRUNDALL DE, HUMPHREY K and CLARKE DD, 2008. Perception and appraisal of approaching motorcycles at junctions Transportation Research Part F. 11, 159-167
• FORSYTH RS, CLARKE DD and LAM P, 2008. Timelines, talk and transcription: A chronometric approach to simultaneous speech International Journal of Corpus Linguistics. 13(2), 225-250
• NERLICH, B and CLARKE, D. D. AND ULPH, F., 2007. Risks and benefits of nanotechnology: How young adults perceive possible advances in nanomedicine compared with conventional treatments Health, Risk & Society. 9(2), 159 - 171
• CLARKE DD, WARD P, BARTLE C and TRUMAN W, 2007. The Role Of Motorcyclist And Other Driver Behaviour In Two Types Of Serious Accident In The Uk. Accident; Analysis And Prevention. 39(5), 974-81
• CLARKE, D.D., WARD, P., BARTLE, C. and TRUMAN, W., 2006. Young driver accidents in the UK: the influence of age, experience, and time of day. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 38(5), 871-878
• MILTON, N and CLARKE, D. AND SHADBOLT, N., 2006. Knowledge engineering and psychology: Towards a closer relationship. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 64(12), 1214-1229
• CLARKE, D.D., WARD, P. and TRUMAN, W., 2005. Voluntary risk taking and skill deficits in young driver accidents in the UK. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 37(3), 523-529
• CLARKE, D.D., FORSYTH, R. and WRIGHT, R., 2005. A statistical profile of road accidents during cross-flow turns Accident Analysis and Prevention. 37(4), 721-730
• FOSSI, J.J., CLARKE, D.D. and LAWRENCE, C., 2005. Bedroom rape: sequences of sexual behavior in stranger assaults Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 20(11), 1444-1466
• CLARKE, D.D., WARD, P., BARTLE, C. and TRUMAN, W., 2005. An In Depth Study of Work-Related Road Traffic Accidents - Road Safety Research Report, August 2005 Department for Transport, London, UK. (58)
• FOSSI JJ, CLARKE DD and LAWRENCE C, 2005. Bedroom Rape: Sequences Of Sexual Behavior In Stranger Assaults. Journal Of Interpersonal Violence. 20(11), 1444-66
• TOWNSEND, ELLEN, CLARKE, DAVID D and TRAVIS, BETSY, 2004. Effects of context and feelings on perceptions of genetically modified food. Risk Analysis. 24(5), 1369-84
• CLARKE, D.D., WARD, P., TRUMAN, W. and BARTLE, C., 2004. An in-depth case study of motorcycle accidents using police road accident files In: Behavioural Research in Road Safety 2004: Fourteenth Seminar. 5-20
• CLARKE, D.D., WARD, P., BARTLE, C. and TRUMAN, W., 2004. In Depth Study of Motorcycle Accidents - Road Safety Research Report Department for Transport, London, UK. (54)
• TODD, K.Z., NERLICH, B., MCKEOWN, S. and CLARKE, D., eds., 2004. Mixing Methods in Psychology: The integration of qualitative and quantitative methods in theory and practice Psychology Press, Hove and New York.
• CLARKE, D.D., 2004. 'Structured Judgement Methods' - The best of both worlds?. In: Mixing Methods in Psychology: The integration of qualitative and quantitative methods in theory and practice Psychology Press, Hove and New York.
• TOWNSEND, E, CLARKE, DD and TRAVIS, B, 2004. Effects Of Context And Feelings On Perceptions Of Genetically Modified Food Risk Analysis. 24(5), 1369-1384
• WEYMAN, A., CLARKE, D.D. and COX, T., 2003. Developing a factor model of coal miners' attributions on risk-taking at work Work & Stress. 17(4), 306-320
• WEYMAN, A.K. and CLARKE, D.D., 2003. Investigating the influence of organizational role on perceptions of risk in deep coal mines Journal of Applied Psychology. 88(3), 404-412
• BLAKE, H., LINCOLN, N.B. and CLARKE, D.D., 2003. Caregiver strain in spouses of stroke patients Clinical Rehabilitation. 17(3), 312-317
• NERLICH, B. and CLARKE, D. D., 2003. Anatomy of a media event: how arguments clashed in the 2001 human cloning debate New Genetics and Society. VOL 22(NUMB 1), 43-60
• NERLICH,B., TODD,Z., HERMAN,V. and CLARKE,D.D., eds., 2003. Polysemy: Flexible Patterns of Meaning in Mind and Language Mouton de Gruyter.
• CLARKE, D.D., WARD, P., TRUMAN, W. and BARTLE, C., 2003. Motorcycle accidents: preliminary results of an in-depth case-study using police road accident files In: Behavioural Research in Road Safety: Thirteenth Seminar. 153-164
• NERLICH, B. and CLARKE, D.D., 2003. Polysemy and flexibility: Introduction and overview. In: Polysemy: Flexible Patterns of Meaning in Mind and Language (Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs 142) Mouton de Gruyer, Berlin, New York. 3-30
• NERLICH, B., JOHNSON, S. and CLARKE, D. D., 2003. THE FIRST 'DESIGNER BABY': The Role of Narratives, Cliches and Metaphors in the Year 2000 Media Debate Science as Culture. VOL 12(VOL 4), 471-498
• NERLICH, B., TODD, Z. and CLARKE, D.D., 2003. Emerging patterns and evolving polysemies: The acquisition of 'get' between four and ten years. In: Polysemy: Flexible Patterns of Meaning in Mind and Language (Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs 142) Mouton de Gruyer, Berlin, New York. 333-357
• WEYMAN, A.K. and CLARKE, D.D., 2003. The effects of familiarity on workplace risk assessment - Contextual insight or cognitive availability. In: Contemporary Ergonomics 2003 463-470
• NERLICH, B and CLARKE, DD, 2003. Anatomy Of A Media Event: How Arguments Clashed In The 2001 Human Cloning Debate New Genetics And Society. 22(1), 43-59
• NERLICH, B., DINGWALL, R. and CLARKE, D.D., 2002. The book of life: how completion of the Human Genome Project was revealed to the public Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine. 6(4), 445-469
• CLARKE, D.D., WARD, P. and TRUMAN, W., 2002. Novice drivers' accident mechanisms: sequences and countermeasures. In: Behavioural Research in Road Safety: Eleventh Seminar Department for Transport, London, UK. 125-144
• CLARKE, D.D., WARD, P. and TRUMAN, W., 2002. In-depth accident causation study of young drivers (TRL542)
• CLARKE, D.D., WARD, P., TRUMAN, W. and BARTLE, C., 2002. Sequential case-study of police road accident files involving young drivers, motorcycles or work-related accidents. In: Proceedings of Behavioural Research in Road Safety: Twelfth Seminar Department for Transport, London, UK. 16-35
• NERLICH, B. and CLARKE, D.D., 2002. Blending the past and the present: Conceptual and Linguistic intergration 1800-2000. In: Metaphor and Metonmy in Comparison and Contrast 555-593
• NERLICH, B. and CLARKE, D.D., 2002. Contextual competence: Its growth, use and loss Studia Anglica Resoviensia. 1, 64-78
• NERLICH,B. and CLARKE,D.D., 2001. Ambiguities we live by: Towards a pragmatics of polysemy Journal of Pragmatics. 33, 1-20
• CLARKE, D.D., WARD, P. and TRUMAN, W., 2001. Profiles and prototypes: The mechanisms of novice drivers' accidents. In: Behavioural Research in Road Safety: Proceedings of the Tenth Seminar on Behavioural Research in Road Safety, 3-5th April 2000 84-108
• NERLICH, B., CLARKE, D.D. and DINGWALL, R., 2001. Fictions, fantasies, and fears: the literary foundations of the cloning debate Journal of Literary Semantics. 30(1), 37-52
• NERLICH, B. and CLARKE, D.D., 2001. Serial metonymy: a study of reference-based polysemisation Journal of Historical Pragmatics. 2(2), 245-272
• NERLICH, B. and CLARKE, D.D., 2001. Elements for an Integral Theory of Semantic Change and Semantic Development Studia Anglica Resoviensia. 2, 71-84
• NERLICH, B. and CLARKE, D. D., 2001. Mind, meaning and metaphor: the philosophy and psychology of metaphor in 19th-century Germany History of the Human Sciences. VOL 14(PART 2), 39-62
• NERLICH, B and CLARKE, DD, 2001. Mind, Meaning And Metaphor: The Philosophy And Psychology Of Metaphor In 19Th-Century Germany History Of The Human Sciences. 14(2), 39-61
• BEALE, D., CLARKE, D., COX, T., LEATHER, P. and LAWRENCE, C., 1999. System memory in violent incidents: evidence from patterns of reoccurrence Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 4(3), 233-244
• NERLICH, B. and CLARKE, D.D., 1999. Review of Asa Kasher (Ed.) 'Pragmatics. Critical Concepts. Vol I: Dawn and Delineation', Routledge/London & NewYork Journal of Pragmatics. 31, 735-743
• NERLICH, B. and CLARKE, D. D., 1999. Review of: C. Mandell and A. McCabe (eds.), The problem of meaning Journal of Pragmatics. VOL 31(NUMBER 3), 441-448
• NERLICH, B. and CLARKE, D.D., 1999. Semantic fields and frames: Historical explorations of the interface between language, action and cognition Journal of Pragmatics. 32(2), 125-150
• NERLICH, B. and CLARKE, D., 1999. Champ, schema, sujet : les contributions de Buehler, Bartlett et Benveniste a une linguistique du texte Langue Francaise. ISSUE 121, 36-55
• CLARKE, D. D., WARD, P. J. and JONES, J., 1999. Processes and countermeasures in overtaking road accidents Ergonomics. VOL 42(NUMBER 6), 846-867
• CLARKE, D. D., FORSYTH, R. and WRIGHT, R., 1999. Junction road accidents during cross-flow turns: a sequence analysis of police case files Accident Analysis and Prevention. VOL 31(NUMBER 1/2), 31-44
• NERLICH, B and CLARKE, DD, 1999. Are Rules And Entries Enough? Historical Reflections On A Longstanding Controversy
• CLARKE, DD, WARD, PJ and JONES, J, 1999. Processes And Countermeasures In Overtaking Road Accidents Ergonomics. 42(6), 846-867
• BEALE, D., COX, T., CLARKE, D., LAWRENCE, C. and LEATHER, P., 1998. Temporal architecture of violent incidents Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 3(1), 65-82
• CLARKE, D.D., WARD, P.J. and JONES, J., 1998. Overtaking accidents
• NERLICH, B. and CLARKE, D.D., 1998. La pragmatique avant Austin: fait ou fantasme? Histoire Epistemologie Langage. 2, 107-126
• NERLICH, B., TODD, Z. and CLARKE, D. D., 1998. The function of polysemous jokes and riddles in semantic development CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY OF COGNITION. VOL 17(NUMBER 2), 343-366
• CLARKE, D. D., WARD, P. J. and JONES, J., 1998. Overtaking road-accidents: differences in manoeuvre as a function of driver age Accident Analysis and Prevention. VOL 30(NUMBER 4), 455-467
• NERLICH, B. and CLARKE, D. D., 1998. The Linguistic Repudiation of Wundt History of Psychology. VOL 1(NUMBER 3), 179-204
• NERLICH, B. and CLARKE, D. D., 1998. Clark: Using language LANGUAGE -BALTIMORE- LINGUISTIC SOCIETY OF AMERICA-. VOL 74(NUMBER 2), 414-415
• GRAYSON, A., CLARKE, D. D. and MILLER, H., 1998. Help-seeking among Students: are lecturers seen as a potential source of help? Studies in Higher Education. VOL 23(NUMBER 2), 143-156
• CLARKE, D. D., FORSYTH, R. and WRIGHT, R., 1998. Machine learning in road accident research: decision trees describing road accidents during cross-flow turns Ergonomics. VOL 41(NUMBER 7), 1060-1079
• GRAYSON, A., MILLER, H. and CLARKE, D., 1998. Identifying barriers to help-seeking: a qualitative analysis of students' preparedness to seek help from tutors British Journal of Guidance and Counselling. VOL 26(NUMBER 2), 237-254
• ALKHADHER, O., CLARKE, D. D. and ANDERSON, N., 1998. Equivalence and predictive validity of paper-and-pencil and computerized adaptive formats of the Differential Aptitude Tests Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. VOL 71(NUMBER 3), 205-218
• CLARKE, D. D., FORSYTH, R. and WRIGHT, R., 1998. Behavioural Factors in Accidents At Road Junctions: The Use of a Genetic Algorithm to Extract Descriptive Rules From Police Case Files Accident Analysis and Prevention. VOL 30(NUMBER 2), 223-234
• CLARKE, D. D. and LETCHFORD, A. N., 1998. Action Rules Extracted by Machine Induction from Feature-Coded Self-Reports Journal of Social Behaviour and Personality. VOL 13(NUMBER 1), 33-50
• CLARKE, DD, FORSYTH, R and WRIGHT, R, 1998. Machine Learning In Road Accident Research: Decision Trees Describing Road Accidents During Cross-Flow Turns Ergonomics. 41(7), 1060-1079
• BEALE, D., COX, T., LAWRENCE, C., LEATHER, P. and CLARKE, D., 1997. Modelling violent incidents at work In: Fifth European Congress of Psychology.
• NERLICH, B. and CLARKE, D. D., 1997. Polysemy: Patterns of meaning and patterns in history Historiographia Linguistica. VOL 24(NUMBER 3), 349-386
• CLARKE, D. D., 1997. The Recognition of Spouses by Their Distinctive Emotional Characteristics Journal of Social Behaviour and Personality. VOL 12(NUMBER 2), 345-366
• CLARKE, D. D. and BLAKE, H., 1997. The Inverse Forecast Effect Journal of Social Behaviour and Personality. VOL 12(NUMBER 4), 999-1018
• NERLICH, B. and CLARKE, D. D., 1996. Language, Action, and Context: The Early History of Pragmatics in Europe and America, 1780-1930 AMSTERDAM STUDIES IN THE THEORY AND HISTORY OF LINGUISTIC SCIENCE SERIES 3. ISSUE 80, ALL
• NERLICH, B. and CLARKE, D.D., 1996. Language, action and context: The early history of pragmatics in Europe and America, 1780-1930
• CLARKE, D.D. and AL-NAJJAR, M.Y., 1996. Personality characteristics of drug abusers in Kuwait South Asian Journal of Psychology. 1, 9-17
• AL-NAJJAR, M. and CLARKE, D. D., 1996. Self-Esteem and Trait Anxiety in Relation to Drug Misuse in Kuwait Substance Use and Misuse. VOL 31(NUMBER 7), 937-943
• NERLICH, B and CLARKE, DD, 1996. Language, Action, And Context: The Early History Of Pragmatics In Europe And America, 1780-1930 Amsterdam.
• ALNAJJAR, M and CLARKE, DD, 1996. Self-Esteem And Trait Anxiety In Relation To Drug Misuse In Kuwait Substance Use & Misuse. 31(7), 937-943
• FORSYTH, RS, CLARKE, DD and WRIGHT, RL, 1994. Overfitting Revisited - An Information-Theoretic Approach To Simplifying Discrimination Trees Journal Of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence. 6(3), 289-302
• JAGODZINSKI, AP and CLARKE, DD, 1988. A Multidimensional Approach To The Measurement Of Human Computer-Performance Computer Journal. 31(5), 409-419
• JAGODZINSKI, AP and CLARKE, DD, 1986. A Review Of Methods For Measuring And Describing Users Attitudes As An Essential Constituent Of Systems-Analysis And Design
• ROSS, JE, CLARKE, DD and BRON, AJ, 1985. Effect Of Age On Contrast Sensitivity Function - Uniocular And Binocular Findings British Journal Of Ophthalmology. 69(1), 51-56
• ROSS, JE, BRON, AJ and CLARKE, DD, 1984. Contrast Sensitivity And Visual Disability In Chronic Simple Glaucoma British Journal Of Ophthalmology. 68(11), 821-827