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4.3 Cellular changes

Hibernation can result in the deposition of fat in adipose tissue. In tissues of finite size which are important sources of energy and sites for fuel metabolism, changes in cell structure (redistribution of organelles involved in energy metabolism and protein synthesis) are the most likely adaptation to a state of torpor. Liver hepatocytes of the hibernating dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius), are visibly different from those of arousing and euthermic dormice when viewed in thin secti

Learning outcomes

After studying this unit you will be able to:

retrieve, evaluate and interpret data and information about the Moon, so that (for example) using a close-up picture of the Moon's surface you could identify the types of feature visible and recognise the processes responsible for creating them;
interpret simple tables;
express, manipulate and compare very small numbers.

2.3 Missions to the Moon

David A. Rothery Teach Yourself Planets, Chapter 6, pp. 66–75, Hodder Education, 2000, 2003.

The Moon was the first extraterrestrial target for space missions. Probes have been directed towards it since almost the very dawn of the space age (see below), and it was the main focus of the 1960s–1970s ‘space race’ between the USA and the then Soviet Union. In the end, only NASA attempted to put people on the Moon, and the six suc

3.1 Comments and explanations

Read the following comments and explanations before answering the questions in Section 3.2.

As is the convention for satellites, the Moon's rotation period is defined in the Planetary facts table relative to the planet that it orbits rather than relative to the universe as a whole. This is a

Learn To Tell Time--Numbers 1-12 to Show Hour

This short animated video introduces the numbers 1-12 on the clock. An animated clock walks students through where numbers 1-12 are located. This is a great resource to introduce telling time to the elementary classroom. (1:28)

Darwin's mother and the miniature: with Randal Keynes

Charles Darwin's mother Susannah Wedgwood died when he was just eight, and he could never remember her face - until he discovered a long-hidden portrait of her as a young woman. Hear Darwin's great-great-grandson Randal Keynes explain why finally seeing this miniature of his mother (on display at the Fitzwilliam Museum) was so significant for the great naturalist, and why portraits of loved ones were so important to both the Wedgwood and Darwin families.

HST.721 The Peripheral Auditory System (MIT)

In this course, experimental approaches to the study of hearing and deafness are presented through lectures, laboratory exercises and discussions of the primary literature on the auditory periphery. Topics include inner-ear development, functional anatomy of the inner ear, cochlear mechanics and micromechanics, mechano-electric transduction by hair cells, outer hair cells' electromotility and the cochlear amplifier, otoacoustic emissions, synaptic transmission, stimulus coding in auditory nerve

HST.720 Physiology of the Ear (MIT)

Topics for this course are based primarily on reading and discussions of original research literature that cover the analysis as well as the underlying physical and physiological mechanisms of acoustic signals in the auditory periphery. Topics include the acoustics, mechanics, and hydrodynamics of sound transmission; the biophysical basis for cochlear amplification; the physiology of hair-cell transduction and synaptic transmission; efferent feedback control; the analysis and coding of simple an

Leadership Principles and Discipline

Steve describes the core values behind his management skills and explains how he resolved a range of problems

A semaphorin code defines subpopulations of spinal motor neurons during mouse development.

In the spinal cord, motor neurons (MNs) with similar muscle targets and sensory inputs are grouped together into motor pools. To date, relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms that control the establishment of pool-specific circuitry. Semaphorins, a large family of secreted and cell surface proteins, are important mediators of developmental processes such as axon guidance and cell migration. Here, we used mRNA in situ hybridization to study the expression patterns of semaphorins