<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:cc="http://web.resource.org/cc/"><channel><title>Xpert - 25 Most recent items matching the search terms - </title><link>http://www.pat.com</link><description>This RSS feed contains the 25 most recently submitted items from Xpert, matching the search terms - </description><generator>Xpert</generator><language>en-gb</language><copyright>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/ </copyright><dc:publisher>Xpert</dc:publisher><cc:license></cc:license><item><title><![CDATA[The economic future of British cities: what should urban policy do? [Audio]]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[The economic future of British cities: what should urban policy do? [Audio]]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www2.lse.ac.uk/newsAndMedia/videoAndAudio/channels/publicLecturesAndEvents/player.aspx?id=1708]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www2.lse.ac.uk/newsAndMedia/videoAndAudio/channels/publicLecturesAndEvents/player.aspx?id=1708]]></guid><description><![CDATA[Speaker(s): Professor Henry G. Overman, Alexandra Jones, Adam Marshall | Britain’s cities are facing profound challenges – both in the short run as a result of the recession and in the long run as a result of underlying structural change. In this lecture Henry Overman considers the nature of these challenges and considers what urban policy should do to help cities effectively respond to them. Henry Overman is Professor of Economic Geography at the LSE and Director of the Spatial Economics Re]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[Speaker(s): Professor Henry G. Overman, Alexandra Jones, Adam Marshall | Britain’s cities are facing profound challenges – both in the short run as a result of the recession and in the long run as a result of underlying structural change. In this lecture Henry Overman considers the nature of these challenges and considers what urban policy should do to help cities effectively respond to them. Henry Overman is Professor of Economic Geography at the LSE and Director of the Spatial Economics Re]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[60 Seconds With.......Dr Arnoud Franken - 5 plus or minus 2]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[60 Seconds With.......Dr Arnoud Franken - 5 plus or minus 2]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIsJ4UuoxAQ]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIsJ4UuoxAQ]]></guid><description><![CDATA[Description not set]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[Description not set]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[Keith Winstein]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[Keith Winstein]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://techtv.mit.edu/videos/22450-keith-winstein]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://techtv.mit.edu/videos/22450-keith-winstein]]></guid><description><![CDATA[<p>Recorded 10/11/12</p>]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[<p>Recorded 10/11/12</p>]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[Corporate Responsibility: The American Experience -- Patricia Werhane Interview]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[Corporate Responsibility: The American Experience -- Patricia Werhane Interview]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Do6Fmhji1w]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Do6Fmhji1w]]></guid><description><![CDATA[Pat Werhane, co-author of "Corporate Responsibility: The American Experience" -- the landmark U.S. business history -- shares insights from the project and the book produced by the Center for Ethical Business Cultures at the University of St. Thomas -- Minnesota.  This thought-provoking history documents the societal challenges to corporate performance and power from the mid-eighteenth century to the modern day and traces evolution of ideas about responsibility of business and the modern corpora]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[Pat Werhane, co-author of "Corporate Responsibility: The American Experience" -- the landmark U.S. business history -- shares insights from the project and the book produced by the Center for Ethical Business Cultures at the University of St. Thomas -- Minnesota.  This thought-provoking history documents the societal challenges to corporate performance and power from the mid-eighteenth century to the modern day and traces evolution of ideas about responsibility of business and the modern corpora]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[The new face of bling in China -- bikes]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[The new face of bling in China -- bikes]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2D1YJP8goi8]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2D1YJP8goi8]]></guid><description><![CDATA[Jan. 14 - Ultra high-end models are challenging the bicycle's working-class image in China, and giving posh cars a run for their money as the latest status symbol for the country's nouveau riche.]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[Jan. 14 - Ultra high-end models are challenging the bicycle's working-class image in China, and giving posh cars a run for their money as the latest status symbol for the country's nouveau riche.]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[Online Assessment Tips and Tools]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[Online Assessment Tips and Tools]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rwUwTitbZpw]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rwUwTitbZpw]]></guid><description><![CDATA[Using the Blackboard Rubric, Assignment and Wiki tool to improve performance assessment.]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[Using the Blackboard Rubric, Assignment and Wiki tool to improve performance assessment.]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[Derived copy of Publicación de Contenidos]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[Derived copy of Publicación de Contenidos]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://cnx.org/content/m45652/latest/]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://cnx.org/content/m45652/latest/]]></guid><description><![CDATA[<b><i>
                <a href="http://cnx.org/member_profile/esanchez">Estefanía Sánchez</a>
                
                </i></b><br/>
              <br/>
              
              <img style="border: 0px"
                  src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/3.0/80x15.png"/>
              
                <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Some Rights Reserved</a>]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[<b><i>
                <a href="http://cnx.org/member_profile/esanchez">Estefanía Sánchez</a>
                
                </i></b><br/>
              <br/>
              
              <img style="border: 0px"
                  src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/3.0/80x15.png"/>
              
                <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Some Rights Reserved</a>]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[How sperm swim near surfaces]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[How sperm swim near surfaces]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juUUOAamehQ]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juUUOAamehQ]]></guid><description><![CDATA[Using high-speed microscopic imaging, Professor Raymond Goldstein's group in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics has demonstrated how the interactions of microbes such as sperm cells and algae with solid surfaces are considerably more complex than previously thought.

Interactions between swimming cells and surfaces feature prominently in a wide range of microbiological processes, most importantly in the formation of bacterial films and during the fertilisation of the h]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[Using high-speed microscopic imaging, Professor Raymond Goldstein's group in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics has demonstrated how the interactions of microbes such as sperm cells and algae with solid surfaces are considerably more complex than previously thought.

Interactions between swimming cells and surfaces feature prominently in a wide range of microbiological processes, most importantly in the formation of bacterial films and during the fertilisation of the h]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[Puzzels voor jongens]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[Puzzels voor jongens]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.klascement.net/ware/38327/]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.klascement.net/ware/38327/]]></guid><description><![CDATA[<img align="left" alt="jongen_puzzel.JPG" src="http://www.klascement.net/files/3/8/3/2/7/l/jongen_puzzel.JPG" style="border:1px solid #AAA; margin: 0 5px 5px 0; padding:1px;" /><p>Met deze app kunnen peuters en kleuters puzzels maken op een smartphone of tablet. De puzzels richten zich meer naar jongens. Eerst krijgen kinderen de volledige puzzel te zien en daarna verspreiden de stukjes zich over het scherm. De tekening &hellip;</p>]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[<img align="left" alt="jongen_puzzel.JPG" src="http://www.klascement.net/files/3/8/3/2/7/l/jongen_puzzel.JPG" style="border:1px solid #AAA; margin: 0 5px 5px 0; padding:1px;" /><p>Met deze app kunnen peuters en kleuters puzzels maken op een smartphone of tablet. De puzzels richten zich meer naar jongens. Eerst krijgen kinderen de volledige puzzel te zien en daarna verspreiden de stukjes zich over het scherm. De tekening &hellip;</p>]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[Kleurendomino]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[Kleurendomino]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.klascement.net/docs/39276/]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.klascement.net/docs/39276/]]></guid><description><![CDATA[<img align="left" alt="kleurendomino.jpg" src="http://www.klascement.net/files/3/9/2/7/6/l/kleurendomino.jpg" style="border:1px solid #AAA; margin: 0 5px 5px 0; padding:1px;" /><p>Dominospel met&nbsp;de kleuren:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<div>de verschillende kleuren;</div>
</li>
<li>verschil tussen lichte en donkere versie van de kleur.</li>
</ul>]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[<img align="left" alt="kleurendomino.jpg" src="http://www.klascement.net/files/3/9/2/7/6/l/kleurendomino.jpg" style="border:1px solid #AAA; margin: 0 5px 5px 0; padding:1px;" /><p>Dominospel met&nbsp;de kleuren:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<div>de verschillende kleuren;</div>
</li>
<li>verschil tussen lichte en donkere versie van de kleur.</li>
</ul>]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[Acknowledgements]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[Acknowledgements]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/education/mathematics-education/numbers-introduction-subtraction/content_section___acknowledgements]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/education/mathematics-education/numbers-introduction-subtraction/content_section___acknowledgements]]></guid><description><![CDATA[<p>Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources for permission to reproduce material in this unit:</p><p>The content is taken from an activity written by Marion Hall for students taking courses in Health and Social Care, in particular those studying K101 An Introduction to Health and Social Care. The original activity is one of a set of skills activities made available to all HSC students via the HSC Resource Bank. </p><p>Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see <a]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[<p>Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources for permission to reproduce material in this unit:</p><p>The content is taken from an activity written by Marion Hall for students taking courses in Health and Social Care, in particular those studying K101 An Introduction to Health and Social Care. The original activity is one of a set of skills activities made available to all HSC students via the HSC Resource Bank. </p><p>Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see <a]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[3.3 Time-series graphs: summing up]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[3.3 Time-series graphs: summing up]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/education/mathematics-education/exploring-distance-time-graphs/content_section_1.3.3]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/education/mathematics-education/exploring-distance-time-graphs/content_section_1.3.3]]></guid><description><![CDATA[<p>So time-series graphs must be read with care. Adopt a questioning attitude when you are faced with a graph. Look carefully at the vertical axis to see just what the range of variation is, and at the horizontal axis to see what time intervals have been chosen. Ask yourself about the significance of this choice – what might be going on between each plotted point?</p><p>You might question whether the plotted variation is significant or whether it is the result of expected fluctuations. What ab]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[<p>So time-series graphs must be read with care. Adopt a questioning attitude when you are faced with a graph. Look carefully at the vertical axis to see just what the range of variation is, and at the horizontal axis to see what time intervals have been chosen. Ask yourself about the significance of this choice – what might be going on between each plotted point?</p><p>You might question whether the plotted variation is significant or whether it is the result of expected fluctuations. What ab]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[1.9.2 Single-track minders]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[1.9.2 Single-track minders]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/education/mathematics-education/exploring-distance-time-graphs/content_section_1.9.2]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/education/mathematics-education/exploring-distance-time-graphs/content_section_1.9.2]]></guid><description><![CDATA[<p>You should read through this subsection, including the activities at the end, and then watch the video ‘Single-track minders’ in the parts indicated by the activities. The video lasts about 25 minutes. At certain points you will be asked to stop the video and complete an activity.</p><p>In the 1960s, many of the UK’s passenger and freight railway services were closed down as part of an economic re-evaluation of the railway system. Some lines were dismantled and forgotten, but others att]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[<p>You should read through this subsection, including the activities at the end, and then watch the video ‘Single-track minders’ in the parts indicated by the activities. The video lasts about 25 minutes. At certain points you will be asked to stop the video and complete an activity.</p><p>In the 1960s, many of the UK’s passenger and freight railway services were closed down as part of an economic re-evaluation of the railway system. Some lines were dismantled and forgotten, but others att]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[1.1 Writing mathematics]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[1.1 Writing mathematics]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/education/mathematics-education/language-notation-and-formulas/content_section_1.1]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/education/mathematics-education/language-notation-and-formulas/content_section_1.1]]></guid><description><![CDATA[<p>How do you write mathematics that can be read and easily understood by anyone else, such as a tutor or another student?</p><p>It takes practice, but the following guidelines may be helpful.</p><ul class="oucontent-bulleted"><li>
<p>Ensure that what you write consists of sentences. Too many people believe that mathematics is a language which is entirely made up of unfamiliar symbols. It is not. Many symbols act in part merely as abbreviations which, when read, can be translated back into spoke]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[<p>How do you write mathematics that can be read and easily understood by anyone else, such as a tutor or another student?</p><p>It takes practice, but the following guidelines may be helpful.</p><ul class="oucontent-bulleted"><li>
<p>Ensure that what you write consists of sentences. Too many people believe that mathematics is a language which is entirely made up of unfamiliar symbols. It is not. Many symbols act in part merely as abbreviations which, when read, can be translated back into spoke]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[2.1 Layout]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[2.1 Layout]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/education/mathematics-education/language-notation-and-formulas/content_section_2.1]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/education/mathematics-education/language-notation-and-formulas/content_section_2.1]]></guid><description><![CDATA[<p>As mentioned in the animation in Section 1.2 writing mathematics has a lot in common with writing English. When you write mathematics, you should write in the equivalent of sentences, with full stops at the end. As in English, each new statement should follow on logically from the previous one or it should contain an indication that a new idea is being introduced. However, <i>laying out</i> mathematics differs from laying out English: because mathematics is more condensed than written English]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[<p>As mentioned in the animation in Section 1.2 writing mathematics has a lot in common with writing English. When you write mathematics, you should write in the equivalent of sentences, with full stops at the end. As in English, each new statement should follow on logically from the previous one or it should contain an indication that a new idea is being introduced. However, <i>laying out</i> mathematics differs from laying out English: because mathematics is more condensed than written English]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[2.3.1 Try some yourself]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[2.3.1 Try some yourself]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/education/mathematics-education/language-notation-and-formulas/content_section_2.3.1]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/education/mathematics-education/language-notation-and-formulas/content_section_2.3.1]]></guid><description><![CDATA[<div class="
            oucontent-activity
           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box 
        oucontent-s-noheading
      " id="act003"><div class="oucontent-outer-box"><div class="oucontent-inner-box"><div class="oucontent-saq-question">
<p><b>1</b> In the following two pieces of mathematical writing, remove or replace any inappropriate equals signs, and add link words and punctuation to help somebody else understand the mathematics.</p>
<ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"><li>
<p>(a) </p>]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[<div class="
            oucontent-activity
           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box 
        oucontent-s-noheading
      " id="act003"><div class="oucontent-outer-box"><div class="oucontent-inner-box"><div class="oucontent-saq-question">
<p><b>1</b> In the following two pieces of mathematical writing, remove or replace any inappropriate equals signs, and add link words and punctuation to help somebody else understand the mathematics.</p>
<ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"><li>
<p>(a) </p>]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[6.4 The mischief rule]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[6.4 The mischief rule]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/society/the-law/judges-and-the-law/content_section_6.4]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/society/the-law/judges-and-the-law/content_section_6.4]]></guid><description><![CDATA[<p>This third rule gives a judge more discretion than either the literal or the golden rule. This rule requires the court to look to what the law was before the statute was passed in order to discover what gap or mischief the statute was intended to cover. The court is then required to interpret the statute in such a way to ensure that the gap is covered. The rule is contained in <i>Heydon's Case</i> (1584), where it was said that for the true interpretation of a statute, four things have to be ]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[<p>This third rule gives a judge more discretion than either the literal or the golden rule. This rule requires the court to look to what the law was before the statute was passed in order to discover what gap or mischief the statute was intended to cover. The court is then required to interpret the statute in such a way to ensure that the gap is covered. The rule is contained in <i>Heydon's Case</i> (1584), where it was said that for the true interpretation of a statute, four things have to be ]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[6.5 The purposive approach]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[6.5 The purposive approach]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/society/the-law/judges-and-the-law/content_section_6.5]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/society/the-law/judges-and-the-law/content_section_6.5]]></guid><description><![CDATA[<p>This approach has emerged in more recent times. Here the court is not just looking to see what the gap was in the old law, it is making a decision as to what they felt Parliament meant to achieve. Lord Denning in the Court of Appeal stated in <i>Magor and St. Mellons Rural District Council v Newport Corporation</i> (1950), ‘we sit here to find out the intention of Parliament and of ministers and carry it out, and we do this better by filling in the gaps and making sense of the enactment by ]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[<p>This approach has emerged in more recent times. Here the court is not just looking to see what the gap was in the old law, it is making a decision as to what they felt Parliament meant to achieve. Lord Denning in the Court of Appeal stated in <i>Magor and St. Mellons Rural District Council v Newport Corporation</i> (1950), ‘we sit here to find out the intention of Parliament and of ministers and carry it out, and we do this better by filling in the gaps and making sense of the enactment by ]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[6.5.1 Presumptions]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[6.5.1 Presumptions]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/society/the-law/judges-and-the-law/content_section_6.5.1]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/society/the-law/judges-and-the-law/content_section_6.5.1]]></guid><description><![CDATA[<p>When determining the meaning of particular words the courts will make certain presumptions about the law. If the statute clearly states the opposite, then a presumption will not apply and it is said that the presumption is rebutted. The main presumptions are:</p><ol class="oucontent-numbered"><li>
<p>A presumption against change in the common law.</p>
<p>It is assumed that the common law will apply unless Parliament has made it plain in the Act that the common law has been altered.</p>
</li><]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[<p>When determining the meaning of particular words the courts will make certain presumptions about the law. If the statute clearly states the opposite, then a presumption will not apply and it is said that the presumption is rebutted. The main presumptions are:</p><ol class="oucontent-numbered"><li>
<p>A presumption against change in the common law.</p>
<p>It is assumed that the common law will apply unless Parliament has made it plain in the Act that the common law has been altered.</p>
</li><]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[6.8 Extrinsic aids]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[6.8 Extrinsic aids]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/society/the-law/judges-and-the-law/content_section_6.8]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/society/the-law/judges-and-the-law/content_section_6.8]]></guid><description><![CDATA[<p>Extrinsic aids are matters which may help put an Act into context. Sources include previous Acts of Parliament on the same topic, earlier case law, dictionaries of the time, and the historical setting. In addition, Hansard can now be considered. Hansard is the official report of what was said in Parliament when the Act was debated. The use of Hansard was permitted following the decision in <i>Pepper (Inspector of Taxes) v Hart</i> (1993) where the House of Lords accepted that Hansard could be]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[<p>Extrinsic aids are matters which may help put an Act into context. Sources include previous Acts of Parliament on the same topic, earlier case law, dictionaries of the time, and the historical setting. In addition, Hansard can now be considered. Hansard is the official report of what was said in Parliament when the Act was debated. The use of Hansard was permitted following the decision in <i>Pepper (Inspector of Taxes) v Hart</i> (1993) where the House of Lords accepted that Hansard could be]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[7.1 Equity]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[7.1 Equity]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/society/the-law/judges-and-the-law/content_section_7.1]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/society/the-law/judges-and-the-law/content_section_7.1]]></guid><description><![CDATA[<p>This term refers to a particular division within the English legal system. As the common law progressed, there developed a formality among judges, typified by a reluctance to deal with matters that were not or could not be processed in the proper form of action. Such a refusal to deal with injustices because they did not fall within the particular procedural and formal constraints, led to much dissatisfaction with the legal system. A modern analogy would be with a company or Government depart]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[<p>This term refers to a particular division within the English legal system. As the common law progressed, there developed a formality among judges, typified by a reluctance to deal with matters that were not or could not be processed in the proper form of action. Such a refusal to deal with injustices because they did not fall within the particular procedural and formal constraints, led to much dissatisfaction with the legal system. A modern analogy would be with a company or Government depart]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[Why create the EU?]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[Why create the EU?]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/society/the-law/europe-and-the-law/content_section_3.3]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/society/the-law/europe-and-the-law/content_section_3.3]]></guid><description><![CDATA[<p>All the member states of the EU have declared a belief in certain fundamental values and aims. Those fundamental values include the securing of lasting peace, unity, equality, freedom, security, solidarity, democracy and the rule of law (Article 6 [1] TEU). Remember that the creation and growth of the EU, like the European Convention on Human Rights, was achieved through the efforts of individuals and states that experienced the horrors and economic aftermath of the Second World War. Since it]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[<p>All the member states of the EU have declared a belief in certain fundamental values and aims. Those fundamental values include the securing of lasting peace, unity, equality, freedom, security, solidarity, democracy and the rule of law (Article 6 [1] TEU). Remember that the creation and growth of the EU, like the European Convention on Human Rights, was achieved through the efforts of individuals and states that experienced the horrors and economic aftermath of the Second World War. Since it]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[3.3 Specialisation within language areas: aphasia]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[3.3 Specialisation within language areas: aphasia]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/body-mind/health/health-studies/sound-meaning-hearing-speech-and-language/content_section_3.3]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/body-mind/health/health-studies/sound-meaning-hearing-speech-and-language/content_section_3.3]]></guid><description><![CDATA[<p>Aphasia is caused by localised brain damage, for example due to a stroke or an automobile accident. General intellectual functioning is not necessarily impaired, as the person can still perform non-linguistic tasks. Nor is the understanding and production of language necessarily completely abolished. Instead, there are highly specific patterns of impairment in the way language is processed.</p><p>Aphasia is divided into two main types, fluent and non-fluent. For reasons which will become appa]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[<p>Aphasia is caused by localised brain damage, for example due to a stroke or an automobile accident. General intellectual functioning is not necessarily impaired, as the person can still perform non-linguistic tasks. Nor is the understanding and production of language necessarily completely abolished. Instead, there are highly specific patterns of impairment in the way language is processed.</p><p>Aphasia is divided into two main types, fluent and non-fluent. For reasons which will become appa]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[3.4 Specialisation within language areas: brain scanning]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[3.4 Specialisation within language areas: brain scanning]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/body-mind/health/health-studies/sound-meaning-hearing-speech-and-language/content_section_3.4]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/body-mind/health/health-studies/sound-meaning-hearing-speech-and-language/content_section_3.4]]></guid><description><![CDATA[<p>Is there any evidence from the undamaged brain that the view derived from aphasia is indeed correct? The most useful methodologies here use either PET or functional MRI (fMRI) scanning to establish which parts of the brain are active in particular tasks. The difficulty is that a standard linguistic task, such as understanding a sentence's meaning, involves phonology and syntax and semantics, and thus is not helpful when trying to tease out which of these subtasks happens in which areas.</p><p]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[<p>Is there any evidence from the undamaged brain that the view derived from aphasia is indeed correct? The most useful methodologies here use either PET or functional MRI (fMRI) scanning to establish which parts of the brain are active in particular tasks. The difficulty is that a standard linguistic task, such as understanding a sentence's meaning, involves phonology and syntax and semantics, and thus is not helpful when trying to tease out which of these subtasks happens in which areas.</p><p]]>
</dc:description></item><item><title><![CDATA[3.5 Electrophysiological studies of language processing]]></title><dc:title><![CDATA[3.5 Electrophysiological studies of language processing]]></dc:title><link><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/body-mind/health/health-studies/sound-meaning-hearing-speech-and-language/content_section_3.5]]></link><guid><![CDATA[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/body-mind/health/health-studies/sound-meaning-hearing-speech-and-language/content_section_3.5]]></guid><description><![CDATA[<p>Brain imaging and aphasic studies helped us localise the subparts of language processing within the brain. However, they have shed little light on how processing unfolds in real time. This is because contemporary brain imaging is quite poor at showing changes in activity through time in fine detail, so it is hard to pick up something that may be happening slightly before something else.</p><p>In <a class="oucontent-crossref" href="http://www.open.edu/openlearn/body-mind/health/health-studies/]]>
</description><dc:description><![CDATA[<p>Brain imaging and aphasic studies helped us localise the subparts of language processing within the brain. However, they have shed little light on how processing unfolds in real time. This is because contemporary brain imaging is quite poor at showing changes in activity through time in fine detail, so it is hard to pick up something that may be happening slightly before something else.</p><p>In <a class="oucontent-crossref" href="http://www.open.edu/openlearn/body-mind/health/health-studies/]]>
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