1 Overview
Sometimes the best way to understand a set of data is to sketch a simple graph. This exercise can reveal hidden trends and meanings not clear from just looking at the numbers. In this unit you will review the various approaches to sketching graphs and learn some more advanced techniques.
A Woman's place: The transformation of female power in first millennial BC Egypt
A talk assessing the role of women in ancient Egypt - looking at the changes in female religious roles in ancient Egyptian society as a barometer for wider social, cultural and political transformation
6.2 Experiencing complexity as mess or difficulty In this section, I want to take the ideas of mess and difficulty and explore them in the context of complexity. I want to determine how these ideas are connected, how significant the connections are and what the differences illuminate. I shall draw on the ideas of three writers: Schön, whose central theme is practice (e.g. Schön, 1983; 1987); Ackoff, who explores the characteristics of mess; and Rosenhead, who shows how different approaches to practice may be contrasted in terms tha
5.5 Distinctions about systems practice A tension has existed throughout the history of Western thought around whether to focus on parts or the whole. The practice that springs from this history carries the same tension. This tension has been particularly visible within science and philosophy for a long time and it gives rise to different approaches. Emphasizing the parts has been called mechanistic, reductionist or atomistic. An emphasis on the whole has been called holistic, organismic or ecological. As Fritjof Capra (1996)
4 Systems practice – unpacking the juggler metaphor Systems practice, modelled in Figure 6, is a particular form of the general model of practice in Figure 3. An effective systems practitioner, Ps, is able to use systems approaches in managing complexity. I am not overly concerned with other approaches to practice, and will not be making any extravagant claims that a systems approach is better tha
7.1 Introduction Planning a project includes preparation of financial and related projections. Frequently, these will be used to: weigh up the economic feasibility of the project; obtain approval from a higher authority in the organisation for the project to proceed; set boundaries of delegation or empowerment in a formal budget; provide the basis for accounting for project revenues and costs; provide
6.1 Introduction Scheduling is about deciding the time that each task will take to do and the sequence in which the tasks will be carried out. There are a number of approaches to estimating the time and effort (and, therefore, cost) required to complete a project. Some estimates may be based on past experience but, because each project is essentially unique, this alone may not be sufficient. A clearer picture can be obtained by measuring each task in terms of the content of the work, the effort required to ca
3.2 The project plan Although there are many approaches to planning a project, there are seven elements that are normally included in a project plan: a work breakdown structure to show separate tasks and activities; the team structure and responsibilities of key people; an estimate of effort and duration for each task; a schedule to show the sequence and timing of activities; details of resources to be al
3 Conclusion
If you've ever been involved in campaigning for change, you probably know that getting the desired result is much harder than it seems. Moreover, the decision to campaign on a particular issue can expose tensions and cracks within an organisation itself. This unit explores effective approaches to campaigning.
2 Activity and questions
If you've ever been involved in campaigning for change, you probably know that getting the desired result is much harder than it seems. Moreover, the decision to campaign on a particular issue can expose tensions and cracks within an organisation itself. This unit explores effective approaches to campaigning.
1 Problems facing campaigning organisations
If you've ever been involved in campaigning for change, you probably know that getting the desired result is much harder than it seems. Moreover, the decision to campaign on a particular issue can expose tensions and cracks within an organisation itself. This unit explores effective approaches to campaigning.
3.3 From integration to inclusion ‘Inclusive education’, then, goes beyond ‘integration’ – a term which, until the late 1990s, was generally used to describe the process of repositioning a child or groups of children in mainstream schools. ‘Integration’ was a term used by organisations such as CSIE (originally called the Centre for Studies in Integration in Education) when seeking neighbourhood placements for all students, and implied the need for a student to adapt to the school, rather th
2 Models of thinking In Section 1, you were asked to think about your own definitions of inclusive education. In Section 2, we show how personal experience of inclusion and exclusion has been a major driving force in the development of inclusive education, with disabled adults in particular struggling to redefine their experiences of schooling. One major factor in this struggle towards redefinition has been the shift towards a social model of disability. Rieser and Mason have described a model as ‘no
Late nineteenth-century Britain and America: The people and the empire
In this unit we shall look more closely at the evidence available to assess the truth of this argument. Were the working people, as opposed to the political leaders, interested in the issue of expansion? Was such interest evident only among certain sections of the community? Was it predominantly an enthusiasm for empire or not? We shall also try to identify some of the reasons underlying the nature of the response. And we shall be interested in how far politicians found it worth their while to â
Karen Ellis (ODI), John Humphrey and Sarah Nelson (IDS) interviewed.
Karen Ellis (ODI), John Humphrey and Sarah Nelson (IDS) are interviewed on the seminar, 'Measuring the Impact of Business on Development', held at IDS on the 12 October 2010.
Why have both business and the development community become increasingly interested in developing tools to measure the impact of business on development? What approaches have been used or proposed, and what are the limitations of existing tools and the conceptual and practical challenges associated with
3.3 The reasons for – and emergence of – women working in medicine
This unit examines the role that Scots played in contributing to the developments in healthcare during the nineteenth century. The radical transformation of medicine in Europe included the admission of women as doctors and the increased numbers of specialised institutions such as asylums. Such developments were also influenced by wider social, economic, political and cultural backgrounds – these are also examined.
6.254 Game Theory with Engineering Applications (MIT)
This course is an introduction to the fundamentals of game theory and mechanism design. Motivations are drawn from engineered/networked systems (including distributed control of wireline and wireless communication networks, incentive-compatible/dynamic resource allocation, multi-agent systems, pricing and investment decisions in the Internet), and social models (including social and economic networks). The course emphasizes theoretical foundations, mathematical tools, modeling, and equilibrium n
1.11 Researching health beliefs and CAM users' expectations
Why are so many people now turning to complementary and alternative medicine and why do approaches to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) raise such controversy? This unit explores the following three key areas: ‘Why people use complementary and alternative medicine’, ‘Critical issues in the therapeutic relationship’ and ‘Ethics in complementary and alternative medicine’.
Noam Chomsky's Syntactic Structures
One of South Africa leading language experts Professor Rajend Mesthrie was guest speaker at UCT Gordon Institute for Performing and Creative Arts Great Texts Big Questions lecture on 15 April He discussed lSyntactic Structures Noam Chomsky and the colourless green revolution in language studies. Noam Chomsky is considered by many to be the father of modern linguistics Mesthrie lecture has Chomsky first book Syntactic Structures published in 1957 as a starting point Syntactic Structures started a
Bird's-Eye View of Oliver Chilled Plow Works, South Bend, Indiana
James Oliver, an immigrant from Scotland, had worked at the St. Joseph Iron Works and, with partners Mr. Lamb and Mr. Fox, established the South Bend Iron Works. His biggest success came with the manufacture of chilled plows.,St. Joseph County Journey
