2.4 Components, causes and effects In this section, I shall say a little more about the shape that we might expect an answer to the ‘What is…?’ question to take. In particular, I would like consider some different claims about the way in which an emotional occurrence is related to other types of occurrence. Here is a story. Larry is told by his manager, Bella, that the project that he has been working on for months has been shelved: all his hard work has been wasted. Larry hears Bella telling him the news as
Learning outcomes By the end of this unit you should: be able to discuss basic philosopohical questions concerning the nature of emotions; be able to discuss some of the philosophical literature on this subject by William James; have enhanced your ability to understand problems concerning the nature of emotions and to discuss them in a philosophical way.
2.7.4 Houses In the case of the houses it is more difficult to differentiate clearly between ‘Roman’ and ‘African’ if we accept that the atrium-peristyle house is not the only form of dwelling we can identify as typically Roman. Nevertheless, it seems that the houses in Africa do represent a fusion of elements – African, Roman and Hellenistic – suggesting that model 4 might be most appropriate in the case of the houses at Bulla Regia. They combine a Roman symmetry with a Hellenistic peristyle
2.6 Houses at Carthage, Bulla Regia and Thugga Your next activity is to watch a video on houses of the Roman élite. The video presents houses from different parts of the empire. Houses of the Roman élite (part 1 (Intro); 2 minutes) Learning outcomes After studying this unit you should be able to: practise identification of ‘indigenous’ identity and culture; practise identification of ‘Roman’ identity and culture; study the development of Romano-African culture. 4.6.1 Connecting people to people Compared to even five years ago (a long time in technology), tools for virtual meetings and workspaces are extremely common now in many organisations, who typically purchase specialist products rather than develop their own. Tools for virtual meetings really have to work smoothly or the results are immediately obvious, and can be very high cost (for example, one cannot afford for a meeting with an important client to ‘crash’). Organisations are therefore willing to pay for robustness, 24 1.2 Working abroad The extract from a newspaper article in Example 1 provides insight into the problems of working abroad. Working abroad is often considered the chance of a lifetime. Living and working in a foreign country with all expenses paid; what more could anyone want? In a surprising n 1.1 Equity instruments Both public and private incorporated companies can issue shares in order to finance their operations. Those who invest in shares expect a return blended from dividend yield and capital growth – although the expectations of investors vary from country to country. In the USA, for example, many companies rarely, if ever, pay dividends, with the result that investors seek their returns through share price growth. You will have learnt from earlier finance studies that investors require higher re Acknowledgements The content acknowledged below is Proprietary (see terms and conditions) and is used under licence. Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following for permission to reproduce material in this unit: Tony Hisgett [Details correct as of 8 April 2011] 2.5 Summary of Section 1 England, Scotland and Wales are nations. Wales was conquered by the English in 1282 and its parliamentary union with England took place in 1536. The United Kingdom of Great Britain was formed by the Act of Union of 1707, although the term Great Britain had been in use since 1603, when James VI of Scotland became James I of England (including Wales). Later unions created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 9 Activities The New Earnings Survey publish various labour market statistics including the following information. 3.3 Other disadvantaged groups Information on other disadvantaged groups, such as older workers or people with disabilities, is even harder to come by. The problems faced by older workers in the labour market have become an increasing cause for concern in recent years. The nature of the disadvantage faced by older workers is, however, much harder to uncover and the evidence is often anecdotal. One trend that has become evident during the past three decades is the difficulty older workers have in obtaining any work and, in 1 Representing data in computers: introduction A computer is designed to do the following things:
receive data from the outside world;
store that data;
manipulate that data, probably creating and storing more data while doing so;
present data back to the outside world. In the next few sections I am going to examine in more detail the data that a computer receives, stores, manipulates and presents. I 17.3 The network The network conveys the data on items purchased through to the database server. It also conveys data such as revised prices and special offers from the database server back to the checkout terminal. In both cases this may involve selecting an appropriate route through the network and manipulating, storing or retrieving data. 17.2 The checkout terminal The first computer block represents the checkout terminal. The processes at the checkout (receiving, storing, retrieving, manipulating and sending data to the user), are the same as I described earlier. However, the checkout terminal also sends data via the supermarket's network. 16.9 Identity in an ICT system In a supermarket we might see the following data on an item: 5018190009067. On their own, the digits do not mean very much, but these numbers are typical of the type of data input to a computer system. In this instance, they are numbers from a bar code on a jar of coffee. I have described the numbers here as ‘data’ because in themselves they do not really tell us anything. When the bar code is moved past a bar code reader at a checkout counter, the checkout terminal will display det 16.8 Linking data We now have two sets of data held by the supermarket: the data about its own products and the personal data about customers. Individually, each of these two sets of information has important uses. However, when they are linked, they provide a very powerful tool for the supermarket. The personal data from a loyalty card scheme can be used to compile targeted mailing lists, because data about your purchases can help build up a profile of how you spend your money. For example, the supermar 16.6 Pricing and stock control A supermarket has a large database of information about its goods, such as the name, price, size and quantity held in stock. If the price of a particular item changes, the relevant data in the supermarket's database can be easily updated. When the bar code for an item is scanned, the checkout computer searches the database for the item and retrieves the new price. Because the checkout computers are networked, they all use the same data on the database server, so it is not necessary to c 16.4 The network The term ‘network’ is used to describe some very different interconnected systems. In a home setting, you might have just two computers linked together to share documents and devices (such as a printer and a scanner) and to use the same internet connection. This setup is a network, albeit a small one. At the other end of the scale is a multinational company with a network of computers distributed all over the world. A network belonging to a single organisation, where the computers a
Example 1
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Activity 1 Life cycle earnings
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