Introduction This unit is the first in the DD208 series of three units that will help you to develop your skills for learning from audio visual material.It is adapted from the course Welfare, crime and society
.You will be looking at the theme of surveillance as a multifacted, everyday practice. It is really important to bear in mind that the video clips are less concerned with surveillance in its
1.1 Introducing ‘family meanings’ Wendy: What's important about being in a family? Juliet: I've got mixed feelings in a way, cause I sometimes feel they are over-rated … You don't have to be suffocated in a two parents and a couple of kids situation. To me that is not the be all and end all. … Fred: … it's the natural flow of family life isn't it. You know that you get old 1.4 The context of photographs When this picture first appeared in newspapers and magazines in 1972, it was to be found next to a caption and in many cases a supporting article as well. The caption text might have been simply descriptive (in most cases, probably taken from the agency caption supplied with the photograph). Where there was also an article, this would have been a text that placed the image in context, either in terms of the specific event of which the photograph is a direct record, or in terms of a wider acco References 3.4 Interpreting the crime problem The Whole City, My Lord, is alarm'd and uneasy. Wickedness has got such a Head, and the Robbers and Insolence of the Night are such that the citizens are no longer secure within their own Walls or safe even in passing their Streets, but are robbed, insulted, and abused, even at their own Doors … The citizens are oppressed by Rapin and Violence. (Defoe, 1730, quoted in Reiner, 1996, p.2) S 2.1 The historical relationship between sport and the media We want you to look at two readings that focus on two key moments in the historical relationship between sport and the media. Take this as an opportunity to practise your note-taking skills. Now read the following extr Learning outcomes By the end of this unit you should be able to: explore the relationship between sport and the media and understand that this is a social relationship; understand how sport is part of wider cultural relations and, especially of popular culture; look at how the media create sporting heroes through the stories they tell. 8 Further resources There is a wide range of material available on welfare to work. Peck (2001) is undoubtedly the definitive study in terms of policy development in the UK and the USA. Major sources of data on all UK New Deal programmes are on the Department for Work and Pensions, DWPwebsite. (Accessed 25 March 2008) Another source is the more analytical Working Brief series which is updated very regularly by the Centre for 7.1 Introduction The theoretical interpretations in Section 6 of how NDYP ‘met’ Mandy's life offer important insights, but none provides a definitive interpretation – and all require evaluation that looks critically at their epistemological bases, internal coherence, resilience to contrary evidence and robustness against other theoretic 4.3 Neo-Marxist interpretations of welfare to work Neo-Marxists interpret welfare-to-work programmes as doubly alienating. First, the programmes deny workers control over the conditions of their ‘employment’ by forcibly constructing their relations with employers. Second, they deepen social inequalities because they are concerned with people who are weakest in the competitive labour market. Neo-Marxists view economic regulation as the principle purpose of welfare to work. Its task is to manage the contradictions of the capitalist welfa 5 Conclusion The idea of the double whammy brings together the two driving forces behind changes in industrial structure, with which this unit opened and now closes. The use of a new technology causes a decline in the costs of production, which in turn encourages a rapid take-up by consumers of products embodying the new technology. This unit has explored the factors affecting consumer demand. While the price of the product was found to be of crucial importance, socio-economic influences such as culture a 4.2.2 Figure 9b: A selection of 35 mm digital cameras 1 Technological change, demand and costs Over the past 40 years global computing power has increased a billionfold. Number-crunching tasks that once took a week can now be done in seconds. Today a Ford Taurus car contains more computing power than the multimillion-dollar mainframe computers used in the Apollo space programme. Cheaper processing allows computers to be used for more and more purposes. In 1985, it cost Ford 4.4 Prices and industrial change Many of the new entrants entered by introducing a new variation of the product. In fact, the early period in both industries was characterised by much technological change in the form of product innovation. Once a product standard emerged, product and process innovations around that standard led to a drastic fall in the product price in both industries. We will now look at some of the indicators of this turbulence in technology and prices. How can we look at price changes over time in i 1 The purpose, efficacy and regulation of prisons Richard Sparks presents a series of views about the purpose, efficacy and regulation of prisons. The audio programme was recorded in 2001. Participants in the audio programme were: Richard Sparks Professor of Criminology at the University of Keele and is now Professor of Criminology at the University of Edinburgh; Rod Morgan Professor of Criminal Justice at Bristol University; Larry Viner a 1 Understanding social construction and social constructionism The audio file included in this unit was designed to complement the D218 Social Policy: Welfare, Power and Diversity Open University course. It is intended to help you gain a greater understanding of the terms: social construction and social constructionism. The audio file was recorded in 2001. It is a studio discussion between academic colleagues who examine and define social construction and social constructionism. Participants in the discussion were: 1.5.8 Bibliographic software If you are considering taking your studies further you might like to consider using bibliographic software. Bibliographic software can be used to sort references, annotate them, manage quotations or create reading lists. There are several software packages on the market. Some are listed below. 1.5.4 The 5 Ds If you don’t use a system at all, then you could suffer from the effects of information overload: losing important information; wasting time on trying to find things; ending up with piles of physical and virtual stuff everywhere. One technique you might like to apply to your files (be they paper or electronic) is the 5Ds. Try applying these and see if you can reduce your information overload. 1.4.8 Summary In this section we have introduced you to the PROMPT checklist as a useful tool for assessing the quality of any piece of information. If you use it regularly you will find that you develop the ability to scan information quickly and identify strengths and weaknesses. As a closing exercise you might like to pick one of the websites below or any of your own choice and try to evaluate it using the PROMPT criteria. To make it easier for you we have provided a printable checklist (see below). 1.4.4 O is for Objectivity One of the characteristics of ‘good’ information is that it should be balanced and present both sides of an argument or issue. This way the reader is left to weigh up the evidence and make a decision. In reality, we recognise that no information is truly objective. This means that the onus is on you, the reader, to develop a critical awareness of the positions represented in what you read, and to take account of this when you interpret the information. In some cases, authors may be
Activity 2
The new economy
Author(s):
