A Logo-based Task for Arithmetical Activity
Young children attend to answer-getting readings of arithmetical notation. This is evidenced by many childrenÂ’s exclusive acceptance of a + b = c syntaxes that lend themselves to computational readings (e.g. Behr et al., 1976; Carpenter & Levi, 2000; Knuth, Stephens, McNeil & Alibali 2006). Even those children who do accept a wider variety of syntaxes, such as a + b = b + a and c = a + b , adhere to a computational view involving getting answers to both sides of the equals sign and checking the
Mobile Usability in Educational Contexts: What have we learnt?
The successful development of mobile learning is dependent on human factors in the use of new mobile and wireless technologies. The majority of mobile learning activity continues to take place on devices that were not designed with educational applications in mind, and usability issues are often reported. The paper reflects on progress in approaches to usability and on recent developments, with particular reference to usability findings reported in studies of mobile learning. The requirements of
The evolution of research on collaborative learning
For many years, theories of collaborative learning tended to focus on how individuals function in a group. More recently, the focus has shifted so that the group itself has become the unit of analysis. In terms of empirical research, the initial goal was to establish whether and under what circumstances collaborative learning was more effective than learning alone. Researchers controlled several independent variables (size of the group, composition of the group, nature of the task, communication
Cyberinfrastructure for Education and Learning for the Future: a vision and research agenda
This report is the result of a series of workshops organized by the Computing Research Association and the International Society of the Learning Sciences with support from the National Science Foundation (Grant No. REC-0449247).
The purpose of the workshop series was to explore where we are in the application of pervasive computing power to education, and where we need to be. In particular, the intent was to develop a map of where NSF can strategically place its resources in creating the learni
Advanced video technologies to support collaborative learning in school education and
beyond
The aim of the paper is to characterize two new advanced video technology software systems developed for uses in collaborative learning (DIVER and HyperVideo2), and how they extend the paradigms of video use in classrooms today. The rationale for and characteristics of these tools are described, and early experiences with their use are characterized.
Six Years of Knowledge Networking in Learning Sciences and Technologies
This report presents a series of in-depth reflections about the work of the Center for Innovative Learning Technologies (CILT) from 1997 until 2004. Each member of the CILT team (Principal investigator, postdoctoral scholar, project coordinator and manager) provided their personal reflections on what they, and all of us as a group, have learned from the attempt to stimulate the development and implementation of important, technology-enabled solutions to critical problems in K-14 STEM learning in
Emerging Social Engineering in the Wireless Classroom
Code It! fosters mathematics learning environments where pre-algebra students use handheld technologies to confidently and enjoyably explore and learn about functions. The resources we developed—server-based and handheld software and paper-based student and teacher texts—were packaged as a 20-session unit on code making and breaking and designed to boost students’ understanding of mathematical functions and their facility with the multiple representations of tables, graphs and symbols. We
Functioning in the Wireless Classroom
Code It! fosters mathematics learning environments where pre-algebra students use handheld technologies to explore and learn about functions. The resources developed - server-based and handheld software and paper-based student and teacher texts - were packaged as a 20-session unit on code making and breaking and designed to boost students' understanding of functions and their facility with the multiple representations of tables, graphs and symbols. We field tested the wireless system with two te
The Social and Technological Dimensions of Scaffolding and Related Theoretical Concepts for Learning
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The Diver Project: Interactive Digital Video Repurposing
The digital interactive video exploration and reflection (Diver) system lets users create virtual pathways through existing video content using a virtual camera and an annotation window for commentary. Users can post their Dives to the WebDiver server system to generate active collaboration, further repurposing, and discussion. Although our current work focuses on video records in learning research and educational practices, Diver can aid collaborative analysis of a broad array of visual data re
Learning Science through Collaborative Visualization over the Internet
Ten years ago, we launched the Learning through Collaborative Visualization, or CoVis Project. "Collaborative visualization" refers to development of scientific knowledge that is mediated by scientific visualization tools in a collaborative learning context. Funded by the National Science Foundation as an advanced networking testbed, our partnership of Northwestern University, Bellcore, Ameritech, the Exploratorium Science Museum in San Francisco, and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champai
To Unlock the Learning Value of Wireless Mobile Devices, Understand Coupling
Handheld computers will become an increasingly compelling choice of technology for K-12 classrooms because they will enable a transition from occasional, supplemental use to frequent, integral use [1, 2]. Early evaluations suggest teachers and students respond to handhelds favorably [3]. At the same time, these devices will become communication enabled, through wireless technologies such as infrared beaming or radio-based local area networks. The clarity with which we can see the potential has l
A walk on the WILD side How wireless handhelds may change computer-supported collaborative learning
Designs for CSCL (Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning) applications usually presume a desktop or laptop computer. Yet future classrooms arc likely to be organized around Wireless Internet Learning Devices (WILD) that resemble graphing calculators, Palm, or Pocket-PC handhelds, connected by short-range wireless networking. WILD learning will have physical affordances that are different from today's computer lab, and different from classrooms with 5 students per computer. These differing aff
Transformative communication as a cultural tool for guiding inquiry science
Inquiry-based science instruction offers great promise as a means of actively engaging students in authentic scientific problem solving, including consideration of research design issues. At the same time, inquiry introduces some difficulties. In particular, familiar "cultural tools" for classroom discourse, such as Initiation-Reply-Evaluation sequences, are no longer appropriate because they are premised on known answers and teacher-driven activity. To help support productive open-ended science
Changing How and What Children Learn in School with Computer-Based Technologies
Schools today face ever-increasing demands in their attempts to ensure that students are well equipped to enter the workforce and navigate a complex world. Research indicates that computer technology can help support learning, and that it is especially useful in developing the higher-order skills of critical thinking, analysis, and scientific inquiry. But the mere presence of computers in the classroom does not ensure their effective use. Some computer applications have been shown to be more suc
Addressing the Challenges of Inquiry-Based Learning Through Technology and Curriculum Design
Inquiry experiences can provide valuable opportunities for students to improve their understanding of both science content and scientific practices. However, the implementation of inquiry learning in classrooms presents a number of significant challenges. We have been exploring these challenges through a program of research on the use of scientific visualization technologies to support inquiry-based learning in the geosciences. In this article, we describe 5 significant challenges to implementin
Learning and teaching with educational technologies.
This chapter considers what we have learned about learning and teaching with educational technologies over the past several decades. While there are compelling data and arguments on the positive effects of these tools, there are also well-documented difficulties with implementing such innovations. The social contexts of the uses of technology are crucial to understanding how technology may influence teaching and learning. The classroom influences, in particular the teacher, are seminal. Much mor
The Collaboratory Notebook
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