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1.7 The connection between definitions

You will have seen from these definitions that they are connected in a number of ways. For example, a commitment to working in partnership and to empowering service users also entails a commitment to anti-oppressive practice. It is important to be clear, however, that these values are not necessarily set out in legislation. For example, while you will find legislation preventing discrimination on the basis of race, sex or disability, you will not find similar legislation promoting anti-oppres
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Introduction

This unit is made up of four extracts related to social care, social work and the law. The extracts are stand-alone sections but follow on from each other to make up this unit. You will be introduced to five main themes that shape practice in the field of social care and social work. The aim of this unit is to enhance your understanding of the relationship between social work practice and the law.

This material is from our archive and is an adapted extract from Social care, social wo
Author(s): The Open University

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References

Brooker, L. (2002) Starting School: Young children learning about cultures, Buckingham and Philadelphia, Open University Press.
Brown, A. L, Ash, D., Rutherford, M., Nakagawa, K., Gordon, A. and Campione, J. C. (1993) ‘Distributed expertise in the classroom’ in Salomon, G. (ed.) Distributed Cognitions: Psychological and educational considerations, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

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3.3 Different types of play

When thinking about play in early years and primary settings, it is sometimes helpful to try to make a distinction between different types of play experience: not in terms of listing role-play, small world play, and so on, but rather in terms of the balance of child and adult input and initiation. Free play is generally understood to be those play experiences that children choose for themselves and that involve minimal adult intervention. The term ‘free play’ is a bit of a misnomer, howev
Author(s): The Open University

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References

Berry Brazelton, T. and Cramer, B. G. (1991) The Earliest Relationship, London: Karnac Books
Meggitt, C. and Sunderland, G. (2000) Child Development: An illustrated guide, London: Heinemann Child Care, pp. 7, 10, 11
Oates, J. (ed.) (1994) The Foundations of Child Development, Oxford: Blackwell in association with The Open University

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3.3 Moving to adoption

Throughout history, poor families have given children what they believed to be a better chance in life by allowing them to be adopted by more affluent people. Adoption began as an informal process, but gradually became formalised through legislation, policy and procedure. Adoption has often been seen as the best solution for children in certain circumstances and has been at times the subject of much debate among policy makers. The Adoption and Children Act 2002 (England and Wales) is an examp
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1 The circumstances of separation

In this first section, we want you to think about the circumstances of children separated from their parents, why such separations might occur and the different places in which children can live.

Activity 1: Learning about children who live apart from their parents


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2.4 Applying a critical approach

A critical approach to young people's health sounds fine in the abstract, but what might it mean in practice? How can such a framework help us to make sense of young people's actual experience of physical and mental distress?

To explore these questions, we will look at the apparent increase in the incidence of eating disorders, especially among young women. One of the advantages of this example is that it combines concerns about physical and mental health. This discussion will draw on a
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2.3 Towards a critical framework

Is it possible to construct an alternative framework for understanding young people's health, and if so, what resources might we need to draw on to do so?

A cultural perspective can help us to see constructions of adolescent mental health as interwoven with histories of ‘youth concern’. Recent debates about young people's wellbeing can be seen as an extension of more general anxieties about the state of contemporary childhood (James and Prout, 1997). A Foucauldian analysis wo
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6 What next?

This unit has introduced you to some of the current understandings about the development of the young child's brain and the implications these have for learning and teaching.

You will also have a series of notes about key aspects of your work in the unit which can be used as the basis for the wider dissemination of your conclusions. Our Dissemination Activities cover, for example:

  1. Sharing ideas with parents and carers.

  2. Sharing i
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4 Play and learning

‘In play, the child always behaves beyond his average age, above his daily behaviour.

In play, it is as if he were a head taller than himself.’

(Vygotsky, 1978)

Why are early years practitioners convinced about the value of play?

It is interesting that although writers are able to state what children may learn through play in terms of dispositions, knowledge, skills and a
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4 Play

The activity in this section considers the importance of play as an expression of children's agency and as a contributory factor to children's wellbeing. You will be encouraged to reflect on how children's play intersects with your own role and relationships with children, and the level of opportunities children have for play beyond the gaze and influence of adults. You will critically analyse the extent to which some children are denied opportunities for play, and how play space itself is so
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2 Exploring skills

The activity in this section focuses on the practice skills involved in work with children, their families and other practitioners – drawing on and consolidating the material that you may have read before studying this unit. We will examine some of the different elements that can be argued are essential for practitioners to ‘connect with children’, and explore how good practice with children and families can be enhanced.

The first video clip in the activity introduces the voluntar
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3.5 Summary

  • Social learning theory proposes that it is possible for children to learn by observing other people.

  • Bandura found that pre-school children would copy aggressive behaviour modelled by another person, and that this was most likely if the model was similar to them in some way and not seem to be punished.

  • Social learning research has informed the ongoing debate about television being either a positive or negative influence on
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