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2.2 Diagnostic criteria for autism

Profiles of characteristics necessary for a diagnosis of classic autism or an ASD are called diagnostic criteria. These criteria appear within general systems for the classification and diagnosis of psychological problems such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual prepared by the American Psychiatric Association (last revised in 2000 and known as DSM-IV-TR™), and the International Classification of Diseases, prepared by the World Health Organization (currently in its tenth ed
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2.1 Principles of diagnosis

The starting point for all systematic work on ASDs, whether in the field of research, therapy or education, is a clear and agreed description of characteristic patterns of symptoms for use in diagnosis. Accurate diagnosis is necessary to ensure shared understanding about the nature and implications of a individual's problem, and serves as the first step in establishing an appropriate basis for care and support for the individual and his or her family.

Underlying the use of system
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1.5 Section summary

  • The term ‘autism’ was originally introduced by the psychiatrist Kanner to describe a syndrome he observed in some of his child patients.

  • People with autistic spectrum disorders have a moderate to profound inability to make sense of, and engage ‘normally’ with, everyday events and situations, particularly those with a ‘human’ content.

  • They have particular difficulties in three areas: social interaction,
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