3.2 Forms of business organisation, or ‘business mediums’ If you were to carry on the business described in Activity 2, you would be carrying on business on your own. You would be what is called a ‘sole trader’. We will look at the consequences of being a sole trader in a little bit more detail in this section. However, not all businesses are run by sole traders. There are several different ways in which
1 Making, interpreting and applying rules The aim of this unit is to introduce you to the processes of making, interpreting and applying rules. We often think about social rules, most of which are unwritten and which we observe because we have a shared social understanding of what they are. We are now going to think about a different kind of rule. A definition of a rule (as opposed to a habit, custom or role) is shown in Author(s):
Introduction Privacy has long been recognised as one of the important human rights and this is reflected in religion and history. There are, for example, references to privacy in the Qur'an, the Bible and Jewish law. Privacy was also protected in classical Greece and ancient China. The protection of privacy is seen as a way of drawing the line to indicate how far society can intrude into a person's affairs. Privacy encompasses an individual's liberty to choose how they lead their lives, freedom from
Acknowledgements The content acknowledged below is Proprietary (see terms and conditions). This content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Licence Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources for permission to reproduce material in this Unit: Ficure 2: Crown copyright
1.8.7 Distance-time graphs: a mathematical story Distance-time graphs are a means of replacing a description given in words by a mathematical description of the same event. What follows is a narrative account: that is, a description in the form of story about a bicycle ride. Read the story and then think about how you would use this account to produce a mathematical model of the ride in the form of a distance-time graph. Sunday started a bit cloudy. The temperatu 4.5 Ellipse (0 < e < 1) An ellipse with eccentricity e (where 0 < e < 1) is the set of points P in the plane whose distances from a fixed point F are e times their distances from a fixed line d. We obtain such an ellipse in standard form if the focus F lies on the x-axis, and has coordinates (ae, 0), where a > 0; the directrix d is the line with equation x = a 3.3.2 Try some yourself 1 Answer the following questions (a) How much will this tennis racquet cost if VAT at 3.3.1 Increasing by a percentage Our everyday experience of percentages includes percentage increases (like VAT at For example, £8 plus 3.2.1 Try some yourself 1 Convert each of the following to percentages. Round off the percentages to whole numbers. (a) (i) 0.8 (ii) 0.21 (iii) 0.70< 3.2 Converting to a percentage Fractions and decimals can also be converted to percentages, by multiplying by 100%. So, for example, 0.17, 0.3 and 0.17 × 100% = 17%; 0.3 × 100% = 30%; Author(s): 3.1.1 Try some yourself 1 Express each of the following percentages as fractions: (a) 40% (b) 8% (c) 70% (d) 3.1 What are percentages? Percentages are used, particularly in newspaper articles, to indicate fractions (as in ‘64% of the population voted’) or to indicate changes (as in ‘an increase of 4%’). Percentages often indicate proportions. For example, labels in clothes indicate the various proportions of different yarns in the fabric. ‘Per cent’ means ‘per hundred’ and is denoted by the symbol %. 100% is the same as the whole, or one hundred per hundred. 2.3 Inverse proportion In Section 2.2 you saw that direct proportion described relationships between two quantities, where as one increased, so did the other. Sometimes as one quantity increases the other decreases instead of increasing. This is called indirect proportion. Team tasks are often an example of this. The time taken to do a job is indirectly proporti 2.2.1 Try some yourself 1 A recipe for four people calls for 2.2 Direct proportion In a recipe the quantity of each ingredient needed depends upon the number of portions. As the number of portions increases, the quantity required increases. The quantity per portion is the same. This is called direct proportion. The quantity is said to be directly proportional to the number of portions. If 2 potatoes are required for one portion, 4 will be required for two portions etc. A useful method for direct proportion problems is to find the quantity for one and multiply by the 2.1 Introduction Proportion is another way of expressing notions of part and whole. You might say that the proportion of village inhabitants who are children is a quarter, or that the proportion of fruit juice in the punch is two thirds, or that the proportion of sand in the concrete is three quarters. All these examples involve the fractions Introduction This unit is from our archive and it is an adapted extract from Open mathematics (MU120) which is no longer in presentation. If you wish to study formally at The Open University, you may wish to explore the courses we offer in this curriculum area
The topics in this unit, ratios, proportion and percentages, are concerned with dividing something into parts. Fo 4.3 Further exercises Let Examples 1. The relation ‘is equal to’ on It is reflexive since, for all x Relations We shall use the symbol Some texts use ρ, rather than
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%, or a service charge of 15%) and percentage decreases (such as a discount of 15%).Author(s):
can be expressed as percentages as follows:
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Exercise 59
is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
(known as tilde or twiddle) to represent a relation between two elements of a set.Author(s):
