"A Time Bomb Inside of You": Social Service Organizations Advocate an Improved Federal Response to A
In 1981, the U.S. medical community noticed a significant number of gay men living in urban areas with rare forms of pneumonia, cancer, and lymph disorders. The cluster of ailments was initially dubbed Gay-Related Immune Disease (GRID), but when similar illnesses increased in other groups, the name changed to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The mid-1980s saw a number of advances toward understanding and treating the disease, but no vaccine or cure was forthcoming. Gay advocacy and co
"A Sweepstakes Attracts Attention": Corporate Executives Defend Sweepstakes Promotions
In the 1960s, lottery-like contests designed to publicize products through sweepstakes competitions spread rapidly. In the 19th century, every state banned lotteries--defined as competitions in which chances to win prizes were sold÷to protect citizens. In 1868, Congress prohibited the distribution of lottery materials through the mail. The mid-20th century sweepstakes, however, did not require contestants to purchase tickets or products to win prizes and were thus considered legal. In 1966, the
"A Sop to the Public at Large": Contestant Herbert Stempel Exposes Contrivances in a 1950s Televisio
Television had become the nation's largest medium for advertising by the mid-1950s, when the Revlon cosmetics corporation agreed to sponsor The $64,000 Question, the first prime-time network quiz show to offer contestants fabulous sums of money. As Revlon's average net profit rose in the next four years from $1.2 million to $11 million, a plethora of quiz shows tried to replicate its success. At the height of their popularity, in 1958, 24 network quiz shows--relatively easy and inexpensive to pr
"A Modern School": Abraham Flexner Outlines Progressive Education
In the early 20th century, an impressive array of intellectuals, social critics, and grassroots activists came together to launch a progressive education movement that sought broad-based change in American educational practice. At the heart of the progressive program lay a pedagogy that emphasized flexibility and critical thinking. This was coupled with the belief that schools should establish organic relationships with their communities, that curricula should confront broad social issues, and t
Statistics Online Computational Resource for Education and Research
The goals of the Statistics Online Computational Resource (www.SOCR.ucla.edu) are to design, validate and freely disseminate knowledge. Specifically, SOCR provides portable online aids for probability and statistics education, technology based instruction and statistical computing. SOCR tools and resources include a repository of interactive applets, computational and graphing tools, instructional and course materials.
The core SOCR educational and computational components include: Distribution
A Letter Home From Massachusetts Bay in 1631
Over 20,000 migrants from England crossed the Atlantic to the new colony of Massachusetts Bay in the decade of the 1630s. This sudden influx of settlers became known to historians as the "Great Migration." Once in New England, they quickly dispersed to various towns. About forty families followed Sir Richard Saltonstall and the Reverend George Phillips four miles up the Charles River to found the community of Watertown in July 1630. Many had relocated from the East Anglian region of England, whe
17.100J Political Economy I: Theories of the State and the Economy (MIT)
Political Economy I explores the major social science paradigms for analyzing relations among state, economy, and society. Through readings, lectures and discussion of original texts in political liberalism and individualism, neo-classical economics, Marxism, sociological and cultural theories, and neo-institutionalism, the seminar examines the fundamental assumptions on which our understanding of the social world and our research are based. All participants in the seminar are required to do the
Is there a way to e-Bologna? Cross-National
Collaborative Activities in University Courses
This article describes a study of distance collaborative activities that
have been conducted in a cross-national setting between a Greek and a German
university. We discuss issues related to organization, technology, and curricula
considerations. In addition, we analyze the modes of cooperation that have been
chosen in the students' work on creative problem solving tasks and conclude
that for complex learning scenarios succesful collaboration and peer tutoring in
advanced learning support enviro
Beyond logging of fingertip actions: analysis of collaborative learning using multiple sources of da
In this article we discuss key requirements for collecting behavioural data
concerning technology-supported collaborative learning activities. It is argued that the
common practice of analysis of computer generated logfiles of user interactions with
software tools is not enough for building a thorough view of the activity. Instead more
contextual information is needed to be captured in multiple media like video, audio
files, snapshots, etc, in order to re-construct the learning process. A softwa
"A condition we can ill afford": Debating the Equal Pay Act of 1963
Recommendations by the National War Labor Board during World War II to pay male and female workers equal wages yielded few changes in the gender wage gap. Women continued to receive less money for comparable work, and into the 1960s want ads characterized jobs as "male" or "female" with resulting salary differences based on gender. The Equal Pay Act (EPA) made it illegal to pay men and women differently for similar work. Although the EPA was passed in 1963, it was debated in workplaces and court
"A Black Joke."
Free African Americans living in the North before the Civil War suffered enormous disadvantages and discriminations. Forced to sit in separate and inferior sections in theaters, public transit, and churches, free blacks were also barred from all but the most menial jobs and denied entrance to white trade unions. This racist cartoon in an 1854 edition of the humor magazine Yankee Notions inadvertently illustrated the everyday harassment and cruelty to which northern African Americans were subject
Case of Justice, A (Pt. 2)
Dinizulu Kamau and Abdullah Khalil Sabree comment on the Hakim Jamal murder case. Part two of Say Brother's discussion of the harsh sentencing of African Americans in the Massachusetts court system. Program focuses on the history of the De Mau Mau (a Black Panthers-type group organized by African American veterans returning from the Vietnam War) and the five Boston-based De Mau Mau members convicted in the murder of Hakim Jamal. In documentary format, Barbara Barrow-Murray speaks with Philip Key
Advanced Educational Technologies : Knowledge Revisited
Advanced Educational Technology (AET) R&D cannot avoid the question of the nature of knowledge which is at the core of both learning and teaching or training. The way this problem can be handled for the purpose of design and implementation of systems supporting human learning, the question of knowledge representations for the purpose of computational models as well as the question of the place of knowledge in person/machine interactions suggest that knowledge should be revisited in the light o
Investigating multimodal interactions for the design of learning environments: a case study in scien
This thesis focuses on multimodal interactions for the design of a learning environment.
The process of designing such systems involves studying the benefits of multimodal
interactions in learning. Therefore, it analyses the structure of the interactive space
between the learner and the content to be learnt, and introduces and tests a framework
to structure it. It proposes that multimodal interactions can encourage rhythmic cycles of
engagement and reflection that enhance learners’ meaning con
From ER to VR: Analysing interaction in a Collaborative Virtual Environment
Not available,PhD thesis of the University of Bergen, Norway
Problem-solving and Web resources at tertiary level
We organised two experimental teaching designs involving web resources in two different French universities. In this paper, we describe these experiments and analyse the students' behaviours. Our aim is to observe whether the use of specific online resources favours the development of problem-solving activities.
The Microevolution of Mathematical Knowledge: The Case of Randomness
In this article, we explore the growth of mathematical knowledge and in particular, seek to clarify the relation between abstraction and context. Our method is to gain a deeper appreciation of the process by which mathematical abstraction is achieved and the nature of abstraction itself, by connecting our analysis at the level of observation with a corresponding theoretical analysis at an appropriate grain size. In this article, we build on previous work to take a further step toward constructin
Students' and teachers' perceptions of motivation and learning through the use in schools of multime
This article is the result of interviews with teachers, students, and school librarians in eight UK secondary schools regarding their use of multimedia encyclopaedias on CD-ROM. It focuses on a content analysis of their comments on how having access to multimedia encyclopaedias changes the way students work and learn in school, how they perceive it enhances their learning, and how it hinders it. Teachers reported that they used multimedia encyclopaedias as an additional information resource, or
Analyse et prise en compte des contraintes didactiques et informatiques dans la conception et le dé
This paper shows the didactical and computational constraints in the design of software for mathematical proof in geometry: Cabri-Euclide. The earliest constraint is to produce software for mathematical proof without has the previous solutions concerning the problem. Cabri-Euclide is a microworld, Thus, the essential is that the system have to verify a local coherence, and not to designate a global automatic deduction.
Toward a social pedagogy of classroom group work
Abstract
In any classroom, pupils will be drawn together for many purposes and we can refer to such
within classroom contexts as ‘groupings’. The teacher often creates these, and the way that
they are set up, and how they are used for particular learning purposes. If the relationships
between grouping size, interaction type and learning tasks in groups are planned strategically
then learning experiences will be more effective. However, research suggests that the
relationships between these e
