2.1 Introduction In this section, we explore how experiences of being an older person in the nineteenth century were constituted through the operation of the 1834 New Poor Law Act and the processes of industrial change that ran parallel to it. We examine the way this constructed the lives of older people as ‘other’ to the emergent ‘normal’ (adult, relatively youthful, male paid worker) and trace its legacy to reveal points of continuity and change. Ori 1 The experience of‘old age’ I don't think I mind being old, I try very hard to accept that I am old, but what makes it harder is that people think that old age is a write-off … The reason it's brought home to you with such a jolt is because you give up work. You have to give up work – suddenly Next steps After completing this unit you may wish to study another OpenLearn Study Unit or find out more about this topic. Here are some suggestions: If you wish to study formally at The Open University, you may wish to explo 7 Conclusion We have explored nations, national self-determination and secession as living political ideas. Perhaps the key points to emerge from the discussion are that: the nation-state is the basic political community in the contemporary world, despite regional and global challenges; subjective approaches to defining nations, prioritising awareness of belonging to a national group, have advantages over efforts to construct objective definitions 6.7 What about alternatives to secession? We have seen that in principle there are alternatives: cultural autonomy or a form of federalism. There are alternative ways to recognise 'national' identity apart from secession. One conclusion to arise from this discussion of secession is that we are not cast adrift without any general principles or guidelines. We have also seen how the complexities of the real political world impinge upon poli 2.7 Reflecting on explanations of ‘abnormal’ development: the case of dyslexia We can draw the following general conclusions about cognitive and biological explanations of abnormality from the material presented above. Both cognitive and biological accounts of dyslexia are offered as theories which explain the behavioural difficulties that are observed. While some theories may dominate accounts of a given condition (e.g. the phonological deficit hypothesis), and may result in influencing the nature of interventions, they are sti 2.5.2 Genetic explanations Earliest investigators noted that dyslexia tends to run in families, and studies involving extended families or twins have confirmed this. The heritability of dyslexia is estimated at around 50 per cent ‘about half of the variability in dyslexic traits found in the general population could be attributable to genetic variation’. However, the mode of inheritance is not known, and as with most behaviourally defined conditions, genetic studies of dyslexia are complicated by a number of f Actividad 2 3 Partir ou pas? Another aspect of holiday-making is the type of holiday that people choose. Here we look at how trends are changing among the French, and then hear people talk about their favourite destinations.
2 Les Français en congé In the second video sequence various people tell us when they take their holidays and explain why they do so. Before watching them, check whether you know how to talk about months and seasons in French.
Months
When talking abou Next steps After completing this unit you may wish to study another OpenLearn Study Unit or find out more about this topic. Here are some suggestions: 3.5 Benzodiazepine tranquillisers, Prozac and the SSRIs One of the most significant ranges of drugs ever produced is the benzodiazepine tranquillisers (usually classed as ‘minor tranquillisers’ or ‘hypnotics’), often prescribed as a remedy for ‘minor’ disorders such as depression, sleeplessness and anxiety. In effect, they extended the range of conditions that could be treated by medication. The best-known example is probably Valium. 3.4 Pharmaceuticals for mental health: a brief history The ‘revolution’ in drug therapy is widely credited with causing the mass closure of psychiatric hospitals in the 1950s and 1960s, meaning that patients who had previously been considered too much of a danger to themselves or others could be safely housed ‘in the community’ as long as they took the medication. However, the trend for a reduction in numbers was already evident at the time the drugs in question began to be available, and academics such as Joan Busfield and Andr 3.3.1 A conflict of interest One of the difficulties of the involvement of drug companies in the mental health field is that it produces a conflict of interest. To put it crudely, drug companies rely on a continuing supply of patients to keep them in business. This is not always congruent with people's best interests, as you will see below. Although mental health services are intended to help people experiencing mental distress, they also have other driving forces. The market economy model of provision has encouraged the 3.3 Mental health as business: the profit motive There is little question that the use of drugs to treat mental distress has become the dominant strategy. The historian Edward Shorter puts it graphically: If there is one central intellectual reality at the end of the twentieth century, it is that the biological approach to psychiatry – treating mental illness as a genetically influenced disorder of brain chemistry – has been a smashing success. (Shorter 3.2 Mental health as business: introducing the debate Is mental health a business? There are a number of signs that it could be, and Activity 8 presents a discussion between two people with strong views on mental health services and how they should be delivered. Dr Harvey Gordon is a forensic psychiatrist who has been a long-term consultant at Broadmoor High Security Hospital, and also a consultant at the Maudesley Hospital in London. Jim Read has worked for many years in organisations and networks of mental health service users/survivors as a c Lisa Schulte, Iowa State University Landscape Ecologist TEDx McMaster U - Cybernetic Orchestra TEDx McMaster U - Kyle Empringham Scabies (Spanish)
Extract 1 Mrs Pullen
In this unit materials you will learn about the history of Spain and the important place of Arab and Jewish cultures in Spanish history. You will study a number of language points to help you talk about history and will write descriptive texts using a variety of stylistic devices.
Activité 11 EXTRAIT 5
Grammar Point 3 Talking about months and seasons
Research News from Iowa State University's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Lisa Schulte, Iowa State University Landscape Ecologist, discusses her latest publication Homogenization of northern U.S. Great Lakes forests due to land use.
Directed by Dr. David Ogborn
"Why Doesn't Everybody Care About the Environment?"
This patient education program describes scabies and the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for this parasitic skin disease. This resource is a MedlinePlus Interactive Health Tutorial from the National Library of Medicine, designed and developed by the Patient Education Institute.
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