Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy - Motor Exam - Special Tests Sub-exam - Patient 2
Patient is a 52-year-old African-American male with a known diagnosis of myotonic muscular dystrophy. His neuromuscular symptoms began in the early 1990s with poor dexterity in the hands, dropping objects, and clumsiness with fine motor weakness. He is very slow buttoning clothes, putting on his shoes, brushing his teeth, shaving, and other similar activities. He has trouble in ambulation and falls frequently. He has trouble getting up from a chair or sofa and climbing stairs. He also reports co
Posterior Fossa Tumor - Cranial Nerves Exam - Trigeminal (CN V) Sub-exam - Patient 9
Patient is a 58-year-old white male with a history of acoustic neuroma that was resected in 1990. He has residual cranial nerve palsies on the right side and experiences tremors, ataxia and disequilibrium. His wife reports that she has noticed an increase in right hand tremor for the past year or so. The tremor worsens as the day progresses and occurs with activity. Patient reports an increase in balance problems while standing over the past 4 months. He has noticed that he staggers a step or t
Multiple Sclerosis - Reflexes Exam - Abnormal (Pathological) Sub-exam - Patient 18
Ed is a 57-year-old Caucasian male with a 15-year history of neurological disability that was diagnosed after his initial attack as multiple sclerosis. Lumbar puncture demonstrated the presence of numerous oligoclonal bands and MRI later showed multiple white matter plaques. Clinical history: He suffers from a significant dysarthria, as well as tremor and ataxia.
Stroke - Cranial Nerves Exam - Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and Vagus (CN X) Sub-exam - Patient 19
This video features a 65-year-old right-handed white male. He was in the Air Force from 1962 until his retirement in 1982. The veteran reported that in 1995 he was diagnosed with inclusion body myositis. He first reported a problem in the early 1990s when carrying his briefcase. He noted problems lifting his right leg up to step onto the bus. Falls began around1994, prompting him to seek medical attention. The initial evaluation showed primarily lower motor neuron findings. He underwent several
Spastic Paraplegia - Station and Gait Exam - Gait Sub-exam - Patient 5
This video features a 54-year-old white male with a history of spastic paraplegia (diagnosed in 1994) and no previous history of heart disease or cardiac workup. He presented to the Emergency Room complaining of three days on-and-off retrosternal chest pain. Patient presented to the ER complaining of three days on-and-off retrosternal chest pain, rated 3/10, lasting approximately 30 minutes, occurring multiple times daily at rest or during activity. The first episode occurred three days before
Spastic Paraplegia - Motor Exam - Muscle Strength Sub-exam - Patient 5
This video features a 54-year-old white male with a history of spastic paraplegia (diagnosed in 1994) and no previous history of heart disease or cardiac workup. He presented to the Emergency Room complaining of three days on-and-off retrosternal chest pain. Patient presented to the ER complaining of three days on-and-off retrosternal chest pain, rated 3/10, lasting approximately 30 minutes, occurring multiple times daily at rest or during activity. The first episode occurred three days before
Cerebellar Degeneration - Motor Exam - Muscle Tone Sub-exam - Patient 17
This 62-year-old white male has had neurological problems dating back to 1990. His initial symptoms consisted of blurred vision and incoordination. When he turns his head to read road signs, his vision is distorted. Gait disturbances have progressed to the point that he is now extremely unsteady. He reels from side-to-side and hangs onto walls for balance. There has been progressive worsening in the dexterity of his hands. Writing, buttoning, holding equipment and manipulating small objects hav
Spastic Paraplegia - Cranial Nerves Exam - Hypoglossal (CN XII) Sub-exam - Patient 5
This video features a 54-year-old white male with a history of spastic paraplegia (diagnosed in 1994) and no previous history of heart disease or cardiac workup. He presented to the Emergency Room complaining of three days on-and-off retrosternal chest pain. Patient presented to the ER complaining of three days on-and-off retrosternal chest pain, rated 3/10, lasting approximately 30 minutes, occurring multiple times daily at rest or during activity. The first episode occurred three days before
Anatomy of a Tsunami
Tsunami waves can be distinguished from ordinary ocean waves by many factors, including the tremendous amount of energy they carry, the great distance between their wave crests, and their capacity to travel at jetliner speeds across an entire ocean. In this interactive from NOVA Online, explore how the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami -- the deadliest in recorded history -- was triggered, how its waves traveled thousands of kilometers largely unchanged, and what happened once the waves reached coastlin
Against Isolationism: James F. Byrnes Refutes Lindbergh
The interwar peace movement was arguably the largest mass movement of the 1920s and 1930s, a mobilization often overlooked in the wake of the broad popular consensus that ultimately supported the U.S. involvement in World War II. The destruction wrought in World War I (known in the 1920s and 1930s as the "Great War") and the cynical nationalist politics of the Versailles Treaty had left Americans disillusioned with the Wilsonian crusade to save the world for democracy. Senate investigations of w
"After the Ball": Lyrics from the Biggest Hit of the 1890s
The 1890s witnessed the emergence of a commercial popular music industry in the United States. Sales of sheet music, enabling consumers to play and sing songs in their own parlors, skyrocketed during the "Gay Nineties," led by Tin Pan Alley, the narrow street in midtown Manhattan that housed the country's major music publishers and producers. Although Tin Pan Alley was established in the 1880s, it only achieved national prominence with the first "platinum" song hit in American music history--Cha
A Woman Recounts Her Twelve Abortions in Turn-of-the-Century New York
In an interview, conducted by oral historian Allyson Knoth for the Feminist History Research Project, Elizabeth Anderson, born in Germany in the late 1880s, described the twelve abortions she endured as a young married woman living in New York City with a husband who refused to use birth control devices such as condoms. Anderson detailed a series of painful and dangerous procedures, including the use of ergot pills, and pricking the cervix with a hat pin. Anderson also suggested that abortion wa
A Pledge of Allegiance: Joining the Grange
When the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry was first organized in Minnesota in December 1867, its goals were primarily social and educational. The organization spread rapidly throughout the agricultural Midwest, attracting more than 850,000 members by 1875. The Grange's purpose also expanded--it experimented (unsuccessfully) with cooperatives, and, angered by hard times, tight money, and high railroad shipping rates, moved into politics. Members elected sympathetic state legislators wh
"A Nave and Self-Taught Artist": John Frazee Sculpts Daniel Webster, 1833
Many artists working in the decades after the American Revolution came from the ranks of artisans and mechanics. In a republic that dispensed with aristocratic patrons and royal academies, art came to be supported by a middling populace more interested in portraits than grand history painting. Sculpture in marble, time consuming and expensive, was even more remote than paints, and the new nation lacked grand palaces or mansions for display. John Frazee, born in Rahway, New Jersey in 1790, lacked
"A Modern School": Abraham Flexner Outlines Progressive Education
In the early 20th century, an impressive array of intellectuals, social critics, and grassroots activists came together to launch a progressive education movement that sought broad-based change in American educational practice. At the heart of the progressive program lay a pedagogy that emphasized flexibility and critical thinking. This was coupled with the belief that schools should establish organic relationships with their communities, that curricula should confront broad social issues, and t
"A German Beer Garden on Sunday Evening."
Between 1820 and 1860, 1,500,000 immigrants arrived in America from Germany. Many of the new arrivals who settled in cities such as New York worked as shopkeepers and skilled tradesmen, although many more worked as employees in construction, brewing, and manufacturing. Although German immigrants did not mix politics and liquor, reformers were disconcerted by the atmosphere of their social establishments. Unlike the bars in Irish neighborhoods, the beer gardens catered to whole families. As this
"A Clear Signal to Officials of the White South: 'Go Back to Your Old Ways'": Vernon Jordan Argues A
The Voting Rights Act of 1965--called "the most successful civil rights law in the nation's history" by Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh, chairman of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights--was enacted in order to force Southern states and localities to allow all citizens of voting age to vote in public elections. Although the 15th Amendment, ratified in 1870, guaranteed citizens the right to vote regardless of race, discriminatory requirements, such as literacy tests, disenfranchised many African America
A Clear and Present Danger: The Chinese Exclusion Act
The San Francisco Building Trades Council (BTC), organized in 1898, actively participated in the anti-Asian agitation that characterized California politics, particularly labor politics, in the late-19th century. The BTC, like the national American Federation of Labor (AFL), argued that the very presence of Chinese (and, after 1900, Japanese and Korean immigrants as well) dragged down the living standards of white workers. The following excerpt is from a 1902 AFL pamphlet entitled Some Reasons f
Case of Justice, A (Pt. 2)
Dinizulu Kamau and Abdullah Khalil Sabree comment on the Hakim Jamal murder case. Part two of Say Brother's discussion of the harsh sentencing of African Americans in the Massachusetts court system. Program focuses on the history of the De Mau Mau (a Black Panthers-type group organized by African American veterans returning from the Vietnam War) and the five Boston-based De Mau Mau members convicted in the murder of Hakim Jamal. In documentary format, Barbara Barrow-Murray speaks with Philip Key
Improving the effectiveness of pupil group work: report on first results from the TLRP phase 2 SPRin
The main impetus for the SPRinG (Social Pedagogic Research into Grouping) project was to address the wide gap between the potential of group work to influence learning, motivation and attitudes to learning, and relationships in the classroom, on the one hand, and the limited use of group work in schools, on the other hand. Pupils rarely receive training in group working, and teachers are often unsure of its benefits and place in the curriculum. The SPRinG project was therefore set up to develop,
