Copper-phosphorus alloy
The micrograph shows dendrite structure of a copper-phosphorus alloy, 200 microns
Copper-phosphorus alloy
The micrograph shows dendrite structure of a copper-phosphorus alloy, 400 microns
Carbon-carbon composite
Carbon-carbon composites are manufactured from continuous carbon fibres which are woven in a two or three dimensional pattern. The fibres are then impregnated with a polymeric resin. After the component has been shaped and cured the matrix is pyrolysed by heating in an inert atmosphere. This converts the matrix to carbon chain molecules which are densified by further heat treatments. The resulting composite consists of the original carbon fibres in a carbon matrix. Carbon-carbon composites have
Carbon-carbon composite
Carbon-carbon composites are manufactured from continuous carbon fibres which are woven in a two or three dimensional pattern. The fibres are then impregnated with a polymeric resin. After the component has been shaped and cured the matrix is pyrolysed by heating in an inert atmosphere. This converts the matrix to carbon chain molecules which are densified by further heat treatments. The resulting composite consists of the original carbon fibres in a carbon matrix. Carbon-carbon composites have
Open-celled aluminium foam
Although the processing route is complicated and the product expensive, there is a high degree of control over the cell structure of such foams and the final shape can be controlled to meet near-net-shape requirements.
FOAMCARP closed cell aluminium foam
Additions such as SiC are made to molten aluminium or aluminium alloy to modify the melt viscosity and make it suitable for foaming. Calcium carbonate is then added to the melt which is solidified to form a precursor which can be foamed in a controlled manner by a subsequent heat treatment. The resulting foam has a fine and relatively uniform cell structure.
Functional Integration in CAD Systems
This paper examines the issue of integration in CAD systems and argues that for integration to be effective, it must address the functional aspects of a CAD system. It discusses the need for integrated systems and, within a structural engineering context, identifies several facets of integration that should be targeted. These include 2-D drafting and 3-D modelling, graphical and non-graphical design information, the CAD data structure and its user interface, as well as integration of the draftin
Spherulite in poly-3-hydroxy butyrate (PHB)
Polymer melts often crystallise from heterogeneous nuclei to form ribbon-like lamellae, which have a folded chain molecular structure. They commonly radiate outwards from the nucleation point, to form spherical features called spherulites - which are often quite large. The characteristic Maltese cross pattern, seen when viewed between crossed polars, results from isoclinic fringes formed when one of the principal vibration directions is approximately parallel to the polariser. In some cases
Intervenir la imagen... o el espejo m?gico (Intervene the image... or the magic mirror)
"A technology is interactive to the degree that it reflects the consequences of our actions or decisions back to us. It follows that an interactive technology is a medium through which we communicate with ourselves... a mirror" The purpose of this work is to explore the implications of interactive media through the review of "Utop?a" digital, an interactive piece that explore the implied transformation of the relationship between art and audience and new forms of perception. The artists' role is
SEM image of open cell polyurethane foam
If a gas is injected into a liquid it forms a cellular foam structure. When a thermoset prepolymer of low viscosity is foamed, the polymer can drain from the cell walls (driven by surface tension) before it sets at the cell edges, leaving an open-celled foam. The cell edges have three concave sides, giving rise to the tri-cuspid cross section visible at the bottom of this image. The average co-ordination number for the nodes (where struts meet) is four, giving tetrahedral junctions.
Exploraci?n de relaciones entre analog?as y bocetos durante la generaci?n de ideas en dise?o industr
An exploration on the analogy-based idea generation process in industrial design is reported. In particular we try to identify relationships between the sketching process and the analogy building in order to elicit requirements for a supporting software. We use concurrent think aloud protocols to obtain experimental data and an extension of a proved content oriented schema to analyze them. Statistical analysis on segments containing .analogical chains. found relations between analogical and desi
Organisation of Pedestrian Movements: an Agent-Based Approach
Cities are becoming more complex in this digital era due to technological changes. Thinking of cities without such technological changes is equivalent to an embryonic state in the morphology of city growth, that is, the growth seems less advanced. So it is appropriate to think of the non digital city digitally. Urban design is one state which establishes the perfect relationship between the street, people and building. The relationship of the people with the building and street is becoming one o
Automatic Procedures for Bio-Climatic Control
The experiences illustrated here are related to the new regulation of teaching architecture in Italy and these ones in particular have been concentrated on the technological aspects of teaching architecture. We can consider the evolution of the architect from the individual operator to the manager multi- disciplinary aspects of the building process ( building process manager) as a reality today. Information technology, specifically applied to bio-climatic architecture and environmental control,
Physics
This book, designed for a two-semester general physics course for science and engineering students, presents a logical and unified approach emphasizing the conservation laws, the concepts of fields and waves, and the atomic view of matter. The special theory of relativity, in its more basic aspects, is used throughout the text as one of the guiding principles that must be met by any physical theory
Autonomous mechanisms in architectural design systems
The development of architectural design systems that describe fully the form, structure and behaviour of a design relies heavily on the incorporation of intelligence in the representations, analyses, transformations and transactions used by the computer. Traditionally such intelligence takes either of two forms. The first is a methodical framework that guides actions supported by the design system (usually in a top-down fashion). The second is local, intelligence mechanisms that resolve discrete
Herramientas digitales en el proceso de dise?o en el taller de arquitectura [Digital Tools in the De
In the knowledge of previous discussions and academic experiences with the uses of digital tools in design process, some data has been collected among teachers and students to determine: .The nowadays role of digital graphic procedures in design for architectural works.. The study has been performed through exploratory research using: interviews, questionnaires and data analysis. The results shows the advantages and disadvantages of this type of design as well as allowed to come to conclusions a
Expertise of the Architect
One of the areas where the expertise of the seasoned architect comes out is in the initial structuring of design problems. During problem structuring the parameters and processes used in design are defined. Experienced architects modify these parameters both in global and local levels as a function of the success of their research process. Experienced architects also rely on 'scenarios' acquired through pervious experiences with similar problems to initialize their problem structures or to redef
Development of Computer Systems for Use in Architectural Education
Computers have not been used in education in a way that fosters intellectual development of alternate approaches to design. Sufficient theory exists to use computing devices to support other potentially fruitful approaches to design. A proposal is made for the development of a computer system for architectural education which is built upon a particular model for design, that of rational decision making. Within the framework provided by the model, a series of courseware development projects are p
Searching in the UNIX Directory
The structure of the directory space and subjects search behaviors in the UNIX operating system environment are examined. Protocol analysis with two subjects and survey of the contents of the directory space of all users of E-VAX and X-VAX systems in the Architecture and Computer Science Systems at Carnegie Mellon University were conducted. Depth first search characterized both the organization of the directories and the behavior of the subjects. Single step as opposed to multiple step traversal
The Re-Convergence of Art and Science: A Vehicle for Creativity
Ever-increasing complexity in product design and the need to deliver a cost-effective solution that benefits from a dynamic approach requires the employment and adoption of innovative design methods which ensure that products are of the highest quality and meet or exceed customers' expectations. According to Bronowski (1976) science and art were originally two faces of the same human creativity. However, as civilisation advances and works became specialised, the dichotomy of science and art grad
