4.2 The effects of irrelevant speech Imagine watching a computer screen, on which a series of digits is flashed, at a nice easy rate of one per second. After six items you have to report what the digits had been, in the order presented (this is called serial recall). Not a very difficult task, you might think, but what if someone were talking nearby? It turns out that, even when participants are instructed to ignore the speech completely, their recall performance drops by at least 30 per cent (Jones, 1999). In the context
3.4 The ‘flanker’ effect A potential problem for the feature integration theory is the fact that the time taken to understand the meaning of a printed word can be influenced by other, nearby words. Of itself, this is not surprising, because it is well known that one word can prime (i.e. speed decisions to) another related word; the example nurse – doctor was given in Section 1.4. However, Shaffer and LaBerge (1979) found priming effects, even when t
2.1 Introduction I introduced Section 1 by suggesting that the auditory system had a special problem: unlike the visual system, it needed processes which would permit a listener to attend to a specific set of sounds without being confused by the overlap of other, irrelevant noises. The implication of that line of argument was that vision had no need of any such system. However, although we do not see simultaneously everything that surrounds us, we can certainly see more than one thing at a time. Earlie
1.5 Summary of Section 1 The auditory system is able to process sounds in such a way that, although several may be present simultaneously, it is possible to focus upon the message of interest. However, in experiments on auditory attention, there have been contradictory results concerning the fate of the unattended material: The auditory system processes mixed sounds in such a way that it is possible to focus upon a single wanted message. Unattended material a
1.4 Eavesdropping on the unattended message It was not long before researchers devised more complex ways of testing Broadbent's theory of attention, and it soon became clear that it could not be entirely correct. Even in the absence of formal experiments, common experiences might lead one to question the theory. An oft-cited example is the cocktail party effect. Imagine you are attending a noisy party, but your auditory location system is working wonderfully, enabling you to focus upon one particular conversation. Suddenly, from
1.3 Attending to sounds From the earlier sections, you will appreciate that the auditory system is able to separate different, superimposed sounds on the basis of their different source directions. This makes it possible to attend to any one sound without confusion, and we have the sensation of moving our ‘listening attention’ to focus on the desired sound. For example, as I write this I can listen to the quiet hum of the computer in front of me, or swing my attention to the bird song outside the window to
1.2 Disentangling sounds If you are still feeling aggrieved about the shortcomings of evolution, then you might take heart from the remarkable way in which the auditory system has evolved so as to avoid a serious potential problem. Unlike our eyes, our ears cannot be directed so as to avoid registering material that we wish to ignore; whatever sounds are present in the environment, we must inevitably be exposed to them. In a busy setting such as a party we are swamped by simultaneous sounds – people in different pa
Myasthenia Gravis - Cranial Nerves Exam - Facial Nerve (CN VII) Sub-exam - Patient 11
Patient is a 52-year-old African American male who initially presented with diplopia and dysphagia about five years ago. Serologic testing demonstrated antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor, and repetitive nerve stimulation testing showed a decrement in CMAP at slow frequency repetitive stimulation. He now presents with generalized myasthenia, dysarthria, dysphagia and diplopia during a pyridostigmine-holiday for Tensilon testing.
The Giggler Treatment Quiz 2
The pupils will reflect on the content of chapters 3 to 8. They will deepen their understanding of the content.
Up Close with a Zapotec Urn
This article is part of OLogy, where kids can collect virtual trading cards and create projects with them. Here, they learn more about the Zapotec people of ancient Mexico.
Johnson Signs Medicare Bill Into Law
On July 30, 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson joined former President Harry Truman in Independence, Missouri, to sign the Medicare Bill into law. In his remarks following the signing of the document, President Johnson credits Presidents FDR and Truman with paving the way for the bill. (1:55)
School of Law Commencement 2012 - Full Ceremony
The full ceremony of the Northeastern University School of Law Commencement on May 25, 2012.
Gap filling exercises using real news
Gap filling exercises using real news.
Viewing X-Rays (Interactive)
In this interactive activity adapted from NASA, learn about how X-rays are one type of electromagnetic radiation that astronomers use to study the universe. Investigate how the wavelength, frequency, and energy of an electromagnetic wave are related. Explore X-ray images of astronomical objects, and learn about how X-ray detectors work. In addition, learn why the Chandra telescope uses barrel mirrors to collect X-rays.
The Emerging Left in the "Emerging" World [Audio]
Speaker(s): Professor Jayati Ghosh | Dynamic left movements are emerging that go beyond traditional socialist paradigms to incorporate ecological constraints as well as the demands of women, ethnic minorities, tribal communities and other marginalised groups. Jayati Ghosh is professor of economics at Jawaharlal Nehru University and the executive secretary of International Development Economics Associates.
29.05.2012 – Langsam gesprochene Nachrichten
Trainiere dein Hörverstehen mit den Nachrichten der Deutschen Welle von Dienstag – als Text und als verständlich gesprochene Audio-Datei.
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Bei seinem Besuch in Jerusalem hat Bundespräsident Joachim Gauck die Bereitschaft Deutschlands unterstrichen, für die Sicherheit und das Existenzrecht Israels einzutreten. Dies sei für die deutsche Politik bestimmend, sagte Gauck beim Empfang durch Israels Präsident Schimon Peres in Jerusalem. Gauck wies dabei auch auf das iranische Atomprogramm
ISS Update: SpaceX Dragon Operations
NASA Public Affairs Officer Kelly Humphries talks with Lead Integration and Systems Engineer Paul Brower about SpaceX Dragon operations as the spacecraft's unberthing approaches. Questions? Ask us on Twitter @NASA_Johnson and include the hashtag #askStation. For the latest news about the space station, visit http://www.nasa.gov/station.
Combotronic: -s- (Interactive Game)
Combotronics teaches players to build words by combining word parts. Players are challenged to make as many words as possible. The goal for this game is letter sound -s-.
Biología
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Derecho del Comercio Internacional
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