Automation of Passive Solar Design System
This research, focus on the automation of passive solar design system using computational method. The quantitative nature of passive solar design system makes the automation possible. The automation is done in stages, because implementing the passive solar design system is not an isolated process, but intertwined with the overall design process. The first phase of automation concentrates in conceptual stage, to avoid major deviations in later stages of the design. The conceptual stage use Eco-gr
Organisation of Pedestrian Movements: an Agent-Based Approach
Cities are becoming more complex in this digital era due to technological changes. Thinking of cities without such technological changes is equivalent to an embryonic state in the morphology of city growth, that is, the growth seems less advanced. So it is appropriate to think of the non digital city digitally. Urban design is one state which establishes the perfect relationship between the street, people and building. The relationship of the people with the building and street is becoming one o
Centro de Refer?ncia e Informa??o em Habita??o - Infohab (Reference Center and Information on Housi
The Center of Reference and Information in Habitation - INFOHAB - is a project led for the ANTAC, that intends to facilitate the access to the technique information relative to all the aspects and subjects that are contained in the construction environment concept, through the captation, selection, organization and spreading this information, offering it in the Internet through a database permanently brought up to date with the reference and, always when authorized, with the complete works. The
Digital Photogrammetric Restitution of the Pelourinho?s Fa?ades, in Salvador - Bahia, Brazil [Restit
Brazil has so many historical cities with important architectural heritage. Some of them are remains of the colonial times and aggregate beautiful buildings such as, palaces, public buildings and churches in baroque style, legacy of the Portuguese colonization. Despite of its cultural value, most of these building sets are under several kinds of threats. This paper discusses about the experience on digital photogrammetric restitution of the building fa?ades of Pelourinho, a neighborhood in the
Representation and re-Presentation: Emerging Digital Conventions of Architectural Communication
This paper examines the theoretical and conceptual underpinnings of digital architectural representation. Emerging digital tools, processes, and methods are sponsoring new conventions for the communication of architectural ideas and motives. New conventions yielded through digital media offer fresh and currently uncodified ways to communicate. These new conventions attempt to communicate the same ideas as the old, sometimes subverting the imperative for drawing as the representation does not ref
Endoscopy as a Tool in Architecture
The European Architectural Endoscopy Association was established in connection with the Association?s first international conference on August 25-28, 1993, which was hosted by the Department of Architecture at the Tampere University of Technology. The purpose of the EAEA is to promote experimentation, research, communication, exchange of experiences, collaboration, user participation and teaching in the field of endoscopy and environmental simulation. The first EAEA conference was attended by 25
Computer Aided Environmental Solutions: Evaluation of Optimum Building Orientation in Lahore, Pakist
One of the primary features of solar passive design is the orientation of a building on a particular latitude. The client of Information Technology demands testing, validity, practicality and sustainability of a building project before execution. The computer based simulations are the only practical way to predict the complex energy performance and analysis for a large number of passive design solutions. This paper investigates the optimum residential building orientation having various zones, l
Three-dimensional Input and Visualization
The aim of this chapter is to investigate techniques by which man-computer interaction could be improved, specifically in the context of architectural applications of CAD. In this application the object being designed is often an assembly of defined components. Even if the building is not actually fabricated from such components, it is usually conceptualized in these terms. In a conventional graphics- based CAD system these components are usually represented by graphical icons which are displaye
The Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms
A text book for a first course in design and analysis of algorithms. The emphasis is on ideas and ease of understanding rather then on implementation details or programming tricks. It starts with formulating several models that include random access register machine, random access stored program machine and variants of these, so one can establish analytical results and at the same time accurately reflect on the salient features of real machines
Fe, C 1.3 (wt%) steel, normalised at 1050°C
An example of a hypereutectoid steel (one that has a carbon composition above that of the eutectic). Upon cooling from the austenite field, the first phase to form is cementite on the austenite grain boundaries. This partitions iron and at the eutectic composition pearlite is formed from the remaining enriched austenite.
Design Generation of the Central Asian Caravanserai
Challenges for the study of Islamic architecture include its abundance and diversity in expression and its classification based on distinct functional or stylistic types. We address these issues by presenting shape grammars as a methodology for the analysis and design generation of Islamic architecture, with a specific example in the form of a parametric shape grammar for central Asian caravanserais. The grammar is developed by identifying distinct design types. Shape rules are created based on
Fe, C 0.4, Mn 0.8 (wt%) steel, normalised
A hypoeutectoid alloy (carbon composition less than eutectoid). The first phase formed upon cooling from the austenite phase field is proeutectoid ferrite. Due to the lower solubility of carbon in ferrite, carbon is partitioned into the remaining austenite. At the eutectoid point the remaining carbon enriched austenite transforms to pearlite (a mixture of ferrite and cementite) which is the darker region of the micrograph. The proportion of pearlite is dependent upon the overall composition. The
Hypoeutectoid steel, normalised at 950°C
A hypoeutectoid alloy (carbon composition less than eutectoid). The first phase formed upon cooling from the austenite phase field is proeutectoid ferrite. Due to the lower solubility of carbon in ferrite, carbon is partitioned into the remaining austenite. At the eutectoid point the remaining carbon enriched austenite transforms to pearlite (a mixture of ferrite and cementite) which is the darker region of the micrograph. The proportion of pearlite is dependent upon the overall composition. The
The Importance of Virtual Environments in the Design of Electronic Games and Their Relevance to Arch
Ever increasing complexity in architectural design and the need to deliver a cost effective solution requires the employment and adoption of innovative design methods. Although technological changes have entered the field of architecture at a slower pace, the recent adoption of 3D modelling, Virtual Environment and multimedia represent significant changes in architectural design, visualisation and presentation. These now include tools for conceptualisation, design synthesis, design presentation,
A CAVE-Interface in CAAD-Education
The so called "CAVE-interface" is a very interesting and thrilling development for architects! It supports a better illusion of space by
exposing almost a 270? view of a computer model than the 60? which can be viewed on an ordinary computer screen. At the Lund
University we have got the possibility to experiment with a CAVE-installation, using it in research and the education of CAAD. The
technique and two experiments are discribed. The possibilities are discussed and some problems and question
Generic Representations - Typical Design without the Use of Types
The building type is a (knowledge) structure that is both recognised as a constitutive cognitive element of human thought and as a constitutive computational element in CAAD systems. Questions that seem unresolved up to now about computational approaches to building types are the relationship between the various instances that are generally recognised as belonging to a particular building type, the way a type can deal with varying briefs (or with mixed functional use), and how a type can accommo
High carbon steel
Treated at 1000 centigrade for 15 minutes and then isothermally treated at 200 centigrade for 4 days, start of bainite transformation. This micrograph shows a lath of bainitic-ferrite growing into a grain of austenite and the dislocation field generated by the displacive transformation. Reference: Proceedings of International Conference on Martensitic Transformations (ICOMAT '02), Helsinki, Finland, 2002.
Fe, C 0.1 (wt%), hypoeutectoid alloy
This is a hypoeutectoid alloy, which has been air cooled from the austenite phase field at 950 °C. The first solid to form is proeutectoid ferrite, its morphology being determined by the cooling rate. At slow cooling rates (furnace cooling) there is sufficient time for the carbon rejected from the austenite to diffuse and equilibrium solidification occurs. With faster cooling the microstructure also depends on the original austenite grain size.Fast cooling and large grain size favours ferrite f
Phase transition in superconductors
The superconducting material heats up through its transition temperature. The field from the magnetic track begins to penetrate and the material ceases to levitate. From TLP: Superconductivity, http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/superconductivity/discovery.php
Numeracy for Professional Purposes (7/10): Interpreting Data: Graphs & Charts (1)
Interpreting data: graphs and charts 1
