Fe, C 2, Mn 0.7 (wt%) steel, quenched, producing martensite and cracking
This steel was quenched from the austenite phase field too rapidly for carbon to diffuse out and form cementite. This resulted in the formation of the brittle martensite phase. This phase is unable to accommodate volume changes plastically and may therefore fail, nucleating cracks as seen in this sample. The different colours in the micrograph are an artefact of the etching process.
Fe, C 1.1 (wt%) steel, normalised hypereutectoid
An example of a hypereutectoid steel (one that has a carbon composition above that of the eutectic). Upon cooling from the austenite field, the first phase to form is cementite on the austenite grain boundaries. This partitions iron and at the eutectic composition pearlite is formed from the remaining enriched austenite.
Fe, C 0.9 (wt%) steel, hypereutectoid, quenched and tempered
This is an example of a quenched and tempered steel. The steel is initially quenched from the austenite phase field to form hard and brittle martensite. Subsequently the steel is reheated to allow diffusion of the interstitially trapped carbon and hence reduction of the lattice strain. This results in a softer and tougher steel.
High carbon steel
Treated at 1000 centigrade for 15 minutes and then isothermally treated at 200 centigrade for 4 days, start of bainite transformation. This micrograph shows a lath of bainitic-ferrite growing into a grain of austenite and the dislocation field generated by the displacive transformation. Reference: Proceedings of International Conference on Martensitic Transformations (ICOMAT '02), Helsinki, Finland, 2002.
Fe, C 1.3 (wt%) steel, annealed at 1000°C
An example of a hypereutectoid steel (one that has a carbon composition above that of the eutectic). Upon cooling from the austenite field, the first phase to form is cementite on the austenite grain boundaries. This partitions iron and at the eutectic composition pearlite is formed from the remaining enriched austenite.
Ocular Reflexes
Flash animation in which a virtual patient is provided to test pupillary (consensual) light reflex, palpbral and corneal reflexes in addition to testing nervous control of extraocular muscles of the eye.
On The Technical Features Of The Endoscope - OES Modelscope as a Case in Point
The Olympus Optical Company of Japan was formed in 1919, with the introduction of the first generation single lens reflects camera, and soon after with the first microscope. Since that time, the organisation has developed and is now split into three main divisions: manufacturing and supplying cameras, microscopes and endoscopes. Other smaller specialist divisions exist suppling such products as dictaphones. Perhaps, rather surprisingly, the endoscope division is the largest part of the organisat
An Evening with Vikram Chandra
In the tradition of his favorite childhood writers, Dickens, Thackeray and the “curiously forgotten James Hadley Chase,” Vikram Chandra explores the seamier sides of human relations. In Chandra’s latest, sprawling novel, Sacred Games, his backdrop is Bombay, a city steeped in corruption from head to toe. Reading three s
CAADRIA '05
anand.bhatt@ab-a.net
NOTES ON IN-SITU ? FULL-SCALE EXPERIMENTATION AND THE DESIGN PROFESSIONS
In the north american academic context a workshop is different from a paper session in that it is simply an opportunity to exchange ideas and to raise questions among colleagues who can bring to bear in their discussion various points of view and experiences otherwise unavailable.
BIM and Comprehensive Design Studio Education
Building Information Modeling (BIM) has the potential to fundamentally alter the way composition, scale and abstraction are addressed in today?s comprehensive design studio by displacing the primacy of abstract conventions of representation with a methodology based on systems thinking and virtual simulation. BIM viewed as provocateur of design education provides great potential for the critical analysis of how architectural design is taught. The design studio project reflects new ways of teachin
Architectural References to Virtual Environments Design
Based on a comparison between the perception of digital and real construction, the development of virtual systems and the review of additional sources, this paper states some differences between the design of virtual environments and architectural spaces. Virtual-reality technologies provide advanced capabilities to simulate real situations, and also to create digital worlds not referred to physical places, such as imaginary landscapes or environments devoted to electronic activities, like enter
Development of Digital City Models Using 3d GIS
?Digital city? is a copy of an actual city in the virtual space. It is expected to play an important role in urban planning, disaster simulation etc. Recent advanced remote sensing technologies, which are capable to quickly provide detailed information of city areas, ease the construction of 3D city models. Urbanization has evinced interest from a wide section of the society including experts, amateurs and novices. With the development and infrastructure initiatives mostly around the urban cente
Affording the Mortgage
Part of a series of worksheets covering Mathematical Case Studies for Economists from Nottingham Trent University. They are downloadable in Word format with embedded links. They can be adapted, printed and/or put in a Virtual Learning Environment. A booklet giving guideline answers for the task questions is available on request from the Economics Network.
Do households smooth their consumption?
Part of a series of worksheets covering Mathematical Case Studies for Economists from Nottingham Trent University. They are downloadable in Word format with embedded links. They can be adapted, printed and/or put in a Virtual Learning Environment. A booklet giving guideline answers for the task questions is available on request from the Economics Network.
UK house prices: Going through the roof?
Part of a series of worksheets covering Mathematical Case Studies for Economists from Nottingham Trent University. They are downloadable in Word format with embedded links. They can be adapted, printed and/or put in a Virtual Learning Environment. A booklet giving guideline answers for the task questions is available on request from the Economics Network.
Virtual Jamestown
The Virtual Jamestown Archive is a digital research, teaching and learning project that explores the legacies of the Jamestown settlement and "the Virginia experiment." As a work in progress, Virtual Jamestown aims to shape the national dialogue on the occasion of the four hundred-year anniversary observance in 2007 of the founding of the Jamestown colony.
Estimating a demand curve for un-priced environmental goods
Part of a series of worksheets covering Mathematical Case Studies for Economists from Nottingham Trent University. They are downloadable in Word format with embedded links. They can be adapted, printed and/or put in a Virtual Learning Environment. A booklet giving guideline answers for the task questions is available on request from the Economics Network.
Probability in action: Gambling, the US Presidency and the market for car insurance
Part of a series of worksheets covering Mathematical Case Studies for Economists from Nottingham Trent University. They are downloadable in Word format with embedded links. They can be adapted, printed and/or put in a Virtual Learning Environment. A booklet giving guideline answers for the task questions is available on request from the Economics Network.
The Impact of 3D Digital Modeling on the 3D Design Aspects in Urban Design Plans
Some experts suggest that urban design plans in US cities may lack adequate coverage of the three-dimensional design aspects of the built environment. 3D digital models may help designers visualize and interact with design alternatives, large urban data sets, and 3D information more effectively, thus correcting this problem. Case studies of recent urban design plans that have used 3D digital models may indicate whether these technologies can increase the quality of the plan. This research discus
