Catalyst Processes
Note that there isn't one optimum metal for all reactions. The choice can be decided by many factors. Cost, production, adsorption enthalpies, surface energies, surface areas, functionality and selectivity are all factor when developing catalysts.
Click here for an extended history of catalysis.
|
Year |
Process |
Catalyst |
|
1870 1870 1880 1885 1900 1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990 |
H2S04 lead chamber process S02 oxidation Deacon process (Cl2 from HCl) Claus process (H2S and S02 to S) Fat hydrogenation Methane from syngas Coal Liquefaction upgrading coal liquids Ammonia synthesis (Haber-Bosch) NH3 oxidation to nitric acid Methanol synthesis (high pressure process) Fischer~Tropsch synthesis S02 oxidation Acetaldehyde from acetylene Catalytic cracking (fixed bed, Houdry) Ethene epoxidation Polyvinyl chloride Polyethylene (low density, ICI) Oxidation of benzene to maleic anhydride Alkylation Hydroformylation, alkene to aldehyde Catalytic reforming (gasoline) Cyclohexane oxidation (nylon 66 production) Benzene hydrogenation to cyclohexane Synthetic rubber, SBR BNR* Butylrubber Polyethylene (high density), Ziegler-Natta Phillips Polypropene, Ziegler-Natta Polybutadiene, Ziegler-Natta Hydrodesulphiding (HLS) Naphthalene oxidation to phthalic anhydride Ethylene oxidation to acetaldehyde p-Xylene oxidation to terephthalic acid Ethylene oligomerization* Hydrotreating of naphtha
Butene oxidation to maleic anhydride Acrylonitrile via ammoxidation of propene (Sohio) Propene oxidation to acrolein/acrylic acid Xylene hydroisomerization Propene metathesis Adiponitrile via butadiene hydrocyanation Improved reforming catalysts Improved cracking catalysts Acetic acid from MeOH (carbonylation) Vinyl chloride via ethene oxychlorination Ethene oxidation to vinyl acetate o-Xylene oxidation to phthalic anhydride Propene oxidation to propene oxide Hydrocracking HT water-gas shift process LT water-gas shift process Methanol synthesis (low pressure, ICI) Acetic acid from MeOH (carbonylation, low pressure process, Monsanto) Improved process for xylene isomerization Zeolite a -Alkenes via ethene oligornerization /isomerization /metathesis (SHOP) Improved hydroformylation Rh Auto exhaust gas catalysts L-DOPA (Monsanto) Cyclooctenamer (metathesis) w Hydroisomerization Selective reduction of NO (with NH3) Gasoline from methanol process (Mobil) Vinyl acetate from ethene and acetic acid Pd Methylacetate (carbonylation) Rh Methylacrylate via t-butanol oxidation Mo oxides Improved coal liquefaction Co, Mo sulphides Diesel fuel from syngas Co Polyketone (from CO and ethene) |
NO/N02 Pt ZnCl2/CuCl2 Bauxite Ni Ni Fe WS2 Fe/K Pt Zn, Cr oxide Promoted Fe,Co V205 Hg2+/H2S04 Clays Ag Peroxide Peroxide V HF/H2S04 Co Pt Co Ni, Pt Li, peroxide Peroxide Al Ti Cr Ti Ti Co, Mo sulphides V, Mo oxides Pd, Cu Co, Mn Co C-Mo/Al2O3
V, P oxides Bi, Mo oxides Bi, Mo oxides Pt W, Mo, R Ni Pt, Re/Al2O3 Zeolites Co Cu chloride Pd/Cu V, Ti oxides Mo Ni-w/Alro3 Fe2O3/Cr203/MgO CuO/ZnO/A1203 Cu-Zn-Al oxide Rh Zeolite Ni,Mo Rh Pt/Rh Rh W Pt/Zeolite V2O5/TiO2 Zeolite Pd Rh Mo oxides Co, Mo Sulphides Co Pd |