Joe Burton

Contact

• workUniversity Park
  Nottingham
  NG7 2RD
  UK
• Joe.Burton@nottingham.ac.uk

Biography

I am an Associate Professor in Cyber Security and International Relations. I teach courses on Cyber Security, Cyber Diplomacy, Artificial Intelligence, American Foreign Policy, NATO, Strategic Studies and International Security. I have worked at the highest levels of professional politics and policy, as a ministerial advisor in New Zealand and the UK, national campaign coordinator, legislative assistant, researcher, and political organiser. I hold a Doctorate in International Relations and a Master of International Studies degree from the University of Otago and an undergraduate degree in International Relations from the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. I am recipient of the US Department of State (DoS) SUSI Fellowship (New York, Washington D.C.), the Taiwan Fellowship (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Taipei), and have been visiting researcher and lecturer at the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE, Tallinn, Estonia). I have participated in policy development processes in New Zealand (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Defence, Intelligence Community) and in the ASEAN Region (ASEAN Regional Forum, ADMM+ Experts Working Group on Cyber Security, bi/trilateral track 1.5 and track 2 dialogues, e.g. Council for Security and Cooperation in the Asia Pacific - CSCAP). My research has received funding from the US Department of State, the Taiwan Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), the NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme (NATO SPS), NATO CCDCOE, and from the European Commission (Marie Curie program and CYDIPLO Jean Monnet Network).

Expertise Summary

I have expertise in cyber security (political, human and cognitive factors) and emerging technologies and with a focus on the US, NATO and Euro Atlantic/Indo Pacific regions. My doctoral research analysed NATO's durability in the post-Cold War era and how the alliance was able to adapt to a globalising security environment. I have strong interdisciplinary research experience, including working with psychologists, behavioural scientists, statisticians, and computer scientists on security issues, including cyber security, Artificial Intelligence, maritime security, non-proliferation, regional collective security, information warfare and hybrid threats. I offer a variety of courses in Cyber Security, Artificial Intelligence and International Security, American Foreign Policy, Strategic Studies and Security Studies and have extensive experience of professional and executive education in the military, defence and government sectors (e.g. NATO CCDCOE - Executive Cyber Seminar, New Zealand Defence Force Command and Staff College - NZDF CSC, Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam - DAV. European Security and Defence College (ESDC). I coordinate the CYDIPLO Jean Monnet Network, a consortium of seven universities focused on cyber diplomacy teaching, training and research: www.cyberdiplomacy.net.

Teaching Summary

I offer a variety of courses in Cyber Security, Artificial Intelligence and International Security, American Foreign Policy, Strategic Studies and Security Studies and have extensive experience of… read more

Research Summary

I am working on cyber security and emerging technologies.

Books

• Steff, R., Burton, J., and Soare, S. R. (eds.) (2020). Machines the State and War: Emerging Technologies and International Security (Routledge, 2020).
• Burton, J. (2018). NATO's Durability in a Post-Cold War World, SUNY Press: New York.
• Headley, J., Reitzig, A., & Burton, J. eds. (2012). Public Participation in Foreign Policy, Palgrave Macmillan.

Peer reviewed journal articles

• Burton, J (2022). "The Future of Cyber Conflict Studies: Cyber Subcultures and the Road to Interdisciplinarity" The Cyber Defense Review, 7:3, pp. 103-115.
• Burton, J. and Christou, G. (2021). Bridging the gap between cyberwar and cyberpeace, International Affairs, Volume 97, Issue 6, November 2021, Pages 1727-1747, https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiab172
• Burton, J. & Lain. C. (2020). Desecuritising Cyber Security: Towards a Societal Approach, Journal of Cyber Policy. 5:3, 449-470, DOI: 10.1080/23738871.2020.1856903
• Burton, J. (2019). Cyber-Attacks and Freedom of Expression: Coercion, Intimidation and Virtual Occupation, Baltic Journal of European Studies, 9(3), 116-133. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2019-0025
• Burton, J. (2018). NATO's "Global Partners" in Asia: Shifting Strategic Narratives, Asian Security, 14:1, 8-23, DOI: 10.1080/14799855.2017.1361728
• Chaban, N., Bacon, P., Burton, J., & Vernygora, V. (2018). NATO Global Perceptions: Views from the Asia-Pacific Region, Asian Security, 14:1, 1-7, DOI: 10.1080/14799855.2017.1361726
• Wellings, B., Kelly, S., Wilson, B., Burton J., & Holland M., (2018). Narrative Alignment and Misalignment: NATO as a Global Actor as Seen from Australia and New Zealand, Asian Security, 14:1, 24-37, DOI: 10.1080/14799855.2017.1361731
• Bacon, P., & Burton, J., (2018). NATO-Japan Relations: Projecting Strategic Narratives of "Natural Partnership" and Cooperative Security, Asian Security, 14:1, 38-50, DOI: 10.1080/14799855.2017.1361730
• Yoon, S., Jamiyandagva, A., Vernygora, V., Burton, J., Luguusharav, B., & Dorjraa, M., (2018). Views on NATO from Mongolia and the Republic of Korea: Hedging Strategy, and "Perfunctory Partnership"?, Asian Security, 14:1, 51-65, DOI: 10.1080/14799855.2017.1361733
• Burton, J. (2015). NATO's Cyber Defence: Strategic Challenges and Institutional Adaptation. Defence Studies, 15(4), 297-319. doi:10.1080/14702436.2015.1108108
• Burton, J. (2013). Small States and Cyber Security: The case of New Zealand. Political Science, 65(2), 216-238. doi:10.1177/0032318713508491

Book chapters

• Burton, J., & Stevens, T. (2023). System, alliance, domain: a three-frame analysis of NATO's contribution to cyber stability. In Cyberspace and Instability (pp. 129-152). Edinburgh University Press.
• Burton, J. (2022) New Zealand's Foreign and Security Policy in Antarctica: Small States, Shelter Seeking, and the Changing Polar Landscape, in Polar Cousins: Comparing Antarctic and Arctic Geostrategic Futures, Edited by Christian Leuprecht with Douglas Causey, Calgar University Press.
• Burton, J. (2020). Why Asia Matters to NATO, in McQuade J. and Lao, B. (eds.) NATO and the Asia Pacific, available: https://natoassociation.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NAOC-Fall-2020-Issue.pdf
• Soare, S and Burton J (2020). Smart Cities, Cyber Warfare and Social Disorder. In Stevens, T. and Pernik, P. (eds) NATO CCDCOE Publications https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2020/12/6-Smart-Cities-Cyber-Warfare-and-Social-Disorder_ebook.pdf
• Burton J. (2020). "Rejuvenating Transatlantic Strategic Culture: Towards a New Atlanticism" in Soare (ed) Turning the Tide: How to Rescue Transatlantic Relations, European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS), available: https://www.iss.europa.eu/content/turning-tide-how-rescue-transatlantic-relations.
• Burton J. (2019). "Small States and International Organisations: New Zealand's Diversifying International Engagement", in Brady, Anne-Marie (ed.) Small States and the New Security Environment (Springer, 2019).
• Burton J. and Soare, S. R. (2019). "Understanding the Strategic Implications of the Weaponization of Artificial Intelligence", in Alatu, S. (ed.) 11th International Conference on Cyber Conflict, CyCon XI: Silent Battle, NATO CCD COE Publications, https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2019/06/Art_14_Understanding-the-Strategic-Implications.pdf
• Burton J. (2018). "Cyber Security Norms in the Euro-Atlantic Region: NATO and the EU as Norm Entrepreneurs and Norm Diffusers", in A. Gruszczak and P. Frankowski (eds.), Technology, Ethics and the Protocols of Modern War. London: Routledge.
• Burton J. (2017), "Recalibration, Rapprochement and Resocialization: US-New Zealand Relations and the Obama Administration's 'Pivot' to Asia," in Robert Patman and Iati Iati (eds.), New Zealand and the World: Past, Present and Future. Singapore: World Scientific.

Other Publications

• Burton, J (2020). "Go Hard, Go Early": Human Security, Economic Security and New Zealand's Response to COVID-19, Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) https://www.cigionline.org/articles/go-hard-go-early-human-security-economic-security-and-new-zealands-response-covid-19
• Steff, R and Burton, J (2019). Defence, Security and Emergency Response. Input paper for
• the Horizon Scanning Project "The Effective and Ethical Development of Artificial
• 6
• Intelligence: An Opportunity to Improve Our Wellbeing" on behalf of the Australian Council of Learned Academies, www.acola.org. https://acola.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/acola-ai-input-paper_defence-security-and-emergency-response_steff-burton.pdf
• Burton J. (2019). "Four Lessons We Must Take Away Frome the Christchurch Attacks", The Conversation, available: https://theconversation.com/four-lessons-we-must-take-away-from-the-christchurch-terror-attack-113716
• Burton, J. (2018). "Cyber Deterrence: A Comprehensive Approach?" NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE), available: https://www.ccdcoe.org/multimedia/cyber-deterrence-comprehensive-approach.html.
• Burton J. (2018). "Hacking your holiday: how cyber criminals are increasingly targeting the tourism market", The Conversation, available at: https://theconversation.com/hacking-your-holiday-how-cyber-criminals-are-increasingly-targeting-the-tourism-market-98967
• Burton J. (2017). "The US election hack, fake news, data theft: the cyber security lessons from 2017", The Conversation. Available at: https://theconversation.com/the-us-election-hack-fake-news-data-theft-the-cyber-security-lessons-from-2017-89280
• Burton, J. (2017). "Cyberspace aggression adds to North Korea's threat to global security", The Conversation. Available at: https://theconversation.com/cyberspace-aggression-adds-to-north-koreas-threat-to-global-security-82310
• Burton, J. and Ko, R. (2017). "Ransomware attack needs global solution", May 22, 2017 http://www.stuff.co.nz/waikato-times/92861397/opinion-ransomware-attack-needs-global-solution
• Burton, J. (2017) Policy Brief: "New Zealand's Agenda at the UN and other International Organisations: International Governance of Cyberspace", SSANSE Project: Small states and the changing global order: New Zealand faces the future, available: http://www.arts.canterbury.ac.nz/political/documents/ssanse2017_documents/Joe_Burton_policybrief.pdf
• Burton J. (2016), "Cyber Attacks and Maritime Situational Awareness: Evidence from Japan and Taiwan", Conference Proceedings, International Conference on Cyber Situational Awareness, Data Analytics and Assessment (CyberSA), available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7503295/.
• Burton, J. (2016), Review of Valeriano, Brandon, Maness, Ryan C., Cyber War versus Cyber Realities: Cyber Conflict in the International System, available: https://issforum.org/ISSF/PDF/ISSF-Roundtable-9-7.pdf
• Burton, J. (2015). Commissioned report for Taiwan Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) on 'Cyber Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific'.
• Burton, J. (2015) "Cyber Warfare: Through Enemy Lines", NZ Listener (cover story), November 2015, available online: http://www.listener.co.nz/current-affairs/foreign-affairs/through-enemy-lines/
• Burton, J., (2015) "Role Call: New Zealand and NATO", NZ Listener, March 2015, available online: http://www.listener.co.nz/current-affairs/foreign-affairs/role-call/
• Burton J., (2015) "Blog: US Embassy New Zealand: My SUSI experience: Grand Strategy on the Hudson", available: https://blogusembassynz.wordpress.com/2015/02/24/my-susi-experience-grand-strategy-on-the-hudson/
• Burton J., (2015) "Blog: Cyber warfare - a new strategic reality", May 13th, 2015 Public Talks series commemorating World War One: https://natlib.govt.nz/blog/posts/cyber-warfare-a-new-strategic-reality
• Burton, J, (2013) "Cyber Security: The Strategic Challenge and New Zealand's Response", New Zealand International Review, Volume 38, Issue 3, 2013, 5-8.
• Burton, J, (2013) "Cyberspaces and Global Affairs" (Book Review), New Zealand International Review, Volume 38, Issue 3, 2013, p. 29.

I offer a variety of courses in Cyber Security, Artificial Intelligence and International Security, American Foreign Policy, Strategic Studies and Security Studies and have extensive experience of professional and executive education in the military, defence and government sectors (e.g. NATO CCDCOE - Executive Cyber Seminar, New Zealand Defence Force Command and Staff College - NZDF CSC, Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam - DAV. European Security and Defence College (ESDC). I coordinate the CYDIPLO Jean Monnet Network, a consortium of seven universities focused on cyber diplomacy teaching, training and research: www.cyberdiplomacy.net.

Future Research

My research plan is to develop a multi year project on AI and the Future of (In)security.