Ian Hardy

Contact

• workRoom C26 Gateway Building
  Sutton Bonington Campus
  Sutton Bonington
  Leicestershire
  LE12 5RD
  UK
• work0115 951 6052
• fax0115 951 6261
• ian.hardy@nottingham.ac.uk
• http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/biosciences/people/ian.hardy

Biography

1991-1995 NERC Post-doctoral Research Fellow & Post-doctoral Research Assistant, Institute of Evolutionary and Ecological Sciences, University of Leiden, the Netherlands

1996 (first part) Research Associate, Department of Psychology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.

1996 (second part) Honorary Research Associate, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland. I also taught English part-time during this period at International House, Kraków.

1997-1998 Marie Curie Post-doctoral Research Fellow, Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Denmark.

1999 Marie Curie Senior Post-doctoral Research Fellow, Department of Animal Biology and Ecology, University of Granada, Spain.

2000-2001 Senior Research Fellow in Biological Sciences, Ecology Centre, University of Sunderland, U.K.

2001-2005 Lecturer in Animal Population Biology, University of Nottingham, U.K.

2005-2011 Associate Professor in Animal Population Biology, University of Nottingham, U.K.

2011-present Associate Professor and Reader in Animal Population Biology, University of Nottingham, U.K.

Additionally:

2004-present: Warden of Bonington Hall.

Expertise Summary

In my role as Associate Professor & Reader I carry out pure and applied research, maintain international collaborations, run a research group with a wide variety of interests, supervise undergraduate and post-graduate students, teach undergraduate and post-graduate modules in a range of subjects, manage research budgets and carry out editorial and administrative duties.

In my role as Warden I am the Head of Bonington Hall, which is a student hall, currently with up to 729 undergraduate and post-graduate residents. I am responsible for promoting the cultural ethos of the Hall and for student welfare, safety and discipline. To assist me in this I lead a group of 12 Resident Tutors, a Deputy Warden and a Warden's Secretary. I manage social and infrastructural budgets, chair committees within the Hall and liaise closely with Hall Catering and Accommodation management (which are two separate private companies) and with the resident students. I also represent the Hall to relevant academic departments and to the University as a whole. I am the host of around six large banquets each year.

Teaching Summary

I teach Ecology, Population Biology, Entomology, Statistics and Field Studies modules to undergraduate and postgraduate students

I supervise undergraduate dissertations and postgraduate research on a wide range of topics

Research Summary

Research Interests Summary: Animal Behaviour and Evolutionary Ecology: contest behaviour, social evolution, sex ratio, mating systems and mating behaviour, clutch size. Population & Community… read more

Recent Publications

• SHAMEER KS, NASSER M, MOHAN C and HARDY ICW, 2018. Direct and indirect influences of intercrops on the coconut defoliator Opisina arenosella Journal of Pest Science. 91, 259-275
• SNART CJP, KAPRANAS A, WILLIAMS H, BARRETT D and HARDY ICW, 2018. Sustenance and performance: nutritional reserves, longevity and contest behaviour of fed and starved adult parasitoid wasps Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 6, 12
• HARDY ICW and BOULTON RE, 2018. Sex allocation, sex ratios and reproduction. In: CHOE J, ed., Encyclopedia of animal behavior 2nd Edition. Elsevier. (In Press.)
• HARDY ICW and MAALOUF WE, 2017. Partially constrained sex allocation and the indirect effects of assisted reproductive technologies on the human sex ratio Journal of Biosocial Sciences. 49, 281-291

• View all publications

Journals:

Consulting Editor for the journal Animal Behaviour (1999-2001).

Editorial Board member for Biological Control (2006-present)

Editorial Board members for Biocontrol, Science & Technology (2007-present)

Associate Editor of Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata (2009-present)

Associate Editor of Journal of Animal Ecology (2009- present)

Books:

Editor of 'Sex ratios: Concepts and Research Methods'. Cambridge University Press, 2002

Co-Editor (with M. Briffa) of 'Animal Contests', Cambridge University Press, 2013.

Current Research

Research Interests Summary: Animal Behaviour and Evolutionary Ecology: contest behaviour, social evolution, sex ratio, mating systems and mating behaviour, clutch size. Population & Community Ecology: interspecific interactions, mechanisms promoting species diversity: spatial aggregation, parasitism. Basic and Applied Entomology: biology of polyembryonic parasitoids, bethylid wasps, biological control. Methodology: statistical analysis using Generalized Linear Modelling, Chemical analysis (Real-time tracking of volatile release, surface hydrocarbon analysis, metabolomics). Research organisms: Many species of parasitoid wasps, African raptors, Humans.

• SHAMEER KS, NASSER M, MOHAN C and HARDY ICW, 2018. Direct and indirect influences of intercrops on the coconut defoliator Opisina arenosella Journal of Pest Science. 91, 259-275
• SNART CJP, KAPRANAS A, WILLIAMS H, BARRETT D and HARDY ICW, 2018. Sustenance and performance: nutritional reserves, longevity and contest behaviour of fed and starved adult parasitoid wasps Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 6, 12
• HARDY ICW and BOULTON RE, 2018. Sex allocation, sex ratios and reproduction. In: CHOE J, ed., Encyclopedia of animal behavior 2nd Edition. Elsevier. (In Press.)
• HARDY ICW and MAALOUF WE, 2017. Partially constrained sex allocation and the indirect effects of assisted reproductive technologies on the human sex ratio Journal of Biosocial Sciences. 49, 281-291
• ELIOPOULOS PA, KAPRANAS Α, GIVROPOULOU ΕG and HARDY ICW, 2017. Reproductive efficiency of the bethylid wasp Cephalonomia tarsalis: the influences of spatial structure and host density. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 107, 139-147
• LUPI D, FAVARO R, JUCKER C, AZEVEDO CO, HARDY ICW and FACCOLI M, 2017. Reproductive biology of Sclerodermus brevicornis, a European parasitoid developing on three species of invasive longhorn beetles Biological Control. 105, 40-48
• AMANTE M, SCHÖLLER M, HARDY ICW and RUSSO A, 2017. Reproductive biology of Holepyris sylvanidis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) Biological Control. 106, 1-8
• WYSE JM, HARDY ICW, YON L and MESTERTON-GIBBONS M, 2017. The impact of competition on elephant musth strategies: a game-theoretic model. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 417, 109-130
• TETLOW ER, HUGGETT Z, PARR T, HARDY ICW and SALTER A, 2017. The effect of light or dark environments on the growth, consumption and mortality in yellow mealworms.(Tenebrio molitor). In: Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science. 8. 28
• MESTERTON-GIBBONS M, DAI Y, GOUBAULT M and HARDY ICW, 2017. Volatile chemical emission as a weapon of rearguard action: a game theoretic model of contest behavior Bulletin of Mathematical Biology. 79(11), 2413-2449
• SAEED R, RAZAQ M and HARDY ICW, 2016. Impact of neonicotinoid seed treatment of cotton on the cotton leaf hopper, Amrasca devastans (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), and its natural enemies. Pest Management Science. 72, 1260–1267
• KAPRANAS A, HARDY ICW, TANG X, GARDNER A and LI B, 2016. Sex ratios, virginity, and local resource enhancement in a quasi-social parasitoid. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 159, 243-251
• SREENIVAS AG and HARDY ICW, 2016. Mutual interference reduces offspring production in a brood guarding bethylid wasp. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 159, 243-251
• HARDY ICW and WAJNBERG E, 2016. In memory of Mark Jervis Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 159, 117-118
• HARDY ICW and WAJNBERG E, 2016. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata: Special Issue - Mark Jervis Memorial
• WILKINSON RD, KAPRANAS A and HARDY ICW, 2016. Detecting non-binomial sex allocation when developmental mortality operates Journal of Theoretical Biology. 408, 167-178
• KAPRANAS A, SNART CJP, WILLIAMS H, HARDY ICW and BARRETT DA, 2016. Metabolomics of aging assessed in individual parasitoid wasps Scientific Reports. 6, 34848
• TETLOW ER, PARR T, HARDY ICW, GREENHALGH C and SALTER A, 2016. Investigating growth and nutritional characteristics of Tenebrio molitor reared on diets of varying quality. In: Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science. 7. 24
• SAEED R, RAZAQ M and HARDY ICW, 2015. The importance of alternative host plants as reservoirs of the cotton leaf hopper, Amrasca devastans, and its natural enemies. Journal of Pest Science. 88, 517-531
• MALCICKA M, BEZEMER TM, VISSER B, BLOEMBERG M, SNART CJP, HARDY ICW and HARVEY JA, 2015. Multi-trait mimicry of ants by a parasitoid wasp Scientific Reports. 5, 8043
• SNART CJP, HARDY ICW and BARRETT DA, 2015. Entometabolomics: applications of modern analytical techniques to insect studies Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 155, 1-17
• SNART CJP, KAPRANAS A and BARRETT DA, 2015. Nutritional status alters the lipidome of a bethylid wasp incapable of de novo lipogenesis In: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 74. E300
• KHIDR SK, HARDY ICW, ZAVIEZO T and MAYES S, 2014. Development of microsatellite markers and detection of genetic variation between Goniozus wasp populations. Journal of Insect Science. 14, 43
• VISSER B, LE LANN C, SNAAS H, HARDY ICW and HARVEY JA, 2014. Consequences of resource competition for sex allocation and discriminative behaviors in a hyperparastioid wasp. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 68, 105-113
• SWATRIDGE CJ, MONADJEM A, STEYN DJ, BATCHELOR GR and HARDY ICW, 2014. Factors affecting diet, habitat selection and breeding success of the African Crowned Eagle Stephanoaetus coronatus in a fragmented landscape. Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology. 85, 47-55
• MAALOUF WE, MINCHEVA MN, CAMPBELL BK and HARDY ICW, 2014. Effects of assisted reproductive technologies on human sex ratios at birth. Fertility and Sterility. 101, 1321-1325
• KAPRANAS A and HARDY ICW, 2014. One hundred years of parasitoids. Biocontrol News and Information. 35, 1-4
• DUNN J, DUNN DW, STRAND MR and HARDY ICW, 2014. Higher aggression towards closer relatives by soldier larvae in a polyembryonic wasp. Biology Letters. 10, 20140229
• TANG X, MENG L, KAPRANAS A, XU F, HARDY ICW and LI B, 2014. Mutually beneficial host exploitation and ultra-biased sex ratios in quasisocial parasitoids. Nature Communications. 5, 4942
• KHIDR, S.K., MAYES, S. and HARDY, I.C.W., 2013. Primary and secondary sex ratios in a gregarious parasitoid with local mate competition Behavioural Ecology. 24(2), 435-443
• KHIDR SK, LINFORTH RST and HARDY ICW, 2013. Genetic and environmental influences on the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of Goniozus wasps Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 147, 175-185
• HARDY ICW and BRIFFA M, eds., 2013. Animal Contests Cambridge University Press.
• BRIFFA M and HARDY ICW, 2013. Introduction to animal contests. In: HARDY ICW and BRIFFA M, eds., Animal Contests Cambridge University Press. 1-4
• BRIFFA M, HARDY ICW, GAMMELL MP, JENNINGS DJ, CLARKE DD and GOUBAULT M, 2013. Analysis of animal contest data. In: HARDY ICW and BRIFFA M, eds., Animal contests. Cambridge University Press. 47-85
• HARDY ICW, GOUBAULT M and BATCHELOR TP, 2013. Hymenopteran contests and agonistic behaviour. In: HARDY ICW and BRIFFA M, eds., Animal Contests Cambridge University Press. 147-177
• BRIFFA M, HARDY ICW and MOWLES SL, 2013. Prospects for animal contests. In: HARDY ICW and BRIFFA M, eds., Animal contests Cambridge University Press. 335-341
• STOCKERMANS BC and HARDY ICW, 2013. Subjective and objective components of resource value additively increase aggression in parasitoid contests. Biology Letters. 9, 20130391
• HARDY ICW, 2013. How to view our/the universe. Book review: Pratchett T, Stewart I & Cohen J (2013) The science of discworld IV: Judegment day. Ebury Press, London. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 28:687-688.
• MOWLES SL, LINFORTH RSL, KING BH and HARDY ICW, 2013. A female-emitted pheromone component is associated with reduced male courtship in the parasitoid wasp Spalangia endius. PLoS ONE. 8:e82010
• LIZE, A, KHIDR, SK and HARDY, ICW, 2012. Two components of kin recognition influence parasitoid aggression in resource competition. Animal Behaviour. 83(3), 793-799
• SMITH DR, TOWNSEND TJ, CHOY AWK, HARDY ICW and SJÖGERSTEN S, 2012. Short-term soil carbon sink potential of oil palm plantations. Global Change Biology Bioenergy. 4, 588-596
• KAPRANAS, A., HARDY, I.C.W., MORSE, J.G. and LUCK, R.F., 2011. Parasitoid developmental mortality in the field: Patterns, causes and consequences for sex ratio and virginity Journal Of Animal Ecology. 80(1), 192-203
• SMITH, DR, HARDY, ICW and GAMMELL, MP, 2011. Power rangers: no improvement in the statistical power of analyses published in Animal Behaviour Animal Behaviour. 81, 347-352
• BAMFORD, AJ, MONADJEM, A and HARDY, ICW, 2010. Associations of avian facial flushing and skin colouration with agonistic interaction outcomes. Ethology. 116(12), 1163-1170
• HARDY, I.C.W., 2010. Sex allocation, sex ratios and reproduction. In: BREED, M.D and MOORE, J., eds., Encyclopedia of animal behavior 3. Academic Press Oxford. 146-151
• MONADJEM, A., BAMFORD, A.J., HARDY, I.C.W., EARNSHAW, J.K., DALTON, D.L. and KOTZE, A., 2010. Temporal and sex-specific variation in growth rates of Marabou Stork Leptoptilos crumeniferus chicks Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology. 81, 85-91
• BAMFORD, AJ, MONADJEM, A, DIEKMANN, M and HARDY, ICW, 2009. Development Of Non-Explosive-Based Methods For Mass Capture Of Vultures South African Journal Of Wildlife Research. 39(2), 202-208
• BAMFORD, AJ, MONADJEM, A and HARDY, ICW, 2009. An Effect Of Vegetation Structure On Carcass Exploitation By Vultures In An African Savanna Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology. 80(3), 135-137
• BAMFORD, A.J., MONADJEM, A., ANDERSON, M.D., ANTHONY, A., BORELLO, W.D., BRIDGEFORD, M., BRIDGEFORD, P., HANCOCK, P., HOWELLS, B., WAKELIN, J. and HARDY, I.C.W., 2009. Trade-offs between specificity and regional generality in habitat association models: a case study of two species of African vulture Journal of Applied Ecology. 46(4), 852-860
• BENTLEY, T., HULL, T.T., HARDY, I.C.W. and GOUBAULT, M., 2009. The elusive paradox: owner-intruder roles, strategies, and outcomes in parasitoid contests Behavioral Ecology. 20(2), 296-304
• BAMFORD, AJ, MONADJEM, A and HARDY, ICW, 2009. Nesting Habitat Preference Of The African White-Backed Vulture Gyps Africanus And The Effects Of Anthropogenic Disturbance Ibis. 151(1), 51-62
• SWATRIDGE, C., MONADJEM, A. and HARDY, I.C.W., 2009. Regal eagle: the African crowned eagle in Mpumalanga Africa Birds and Birding. 14(55-58),
• ODE, P.J. and HARDY, I.C.W., 2008. Parasitoid sex ratios and biological control.. In: WAJNBERG, E. and BERNSTEIN, C. VAN ALPHEN, J.J.M., eds., Behavioral ecology of insect parasitoids: from theoretical approaches to field applications. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. 253-291
• GOUBAULT, M, BATCHELOR, TP, ROMANI, R, LINFORTH, RST, FRITZSCHE, M, FRANCKE, W and HARDY, ICW, 2008. Volatile Chemical Release By Bethylid Wasps: Identity, Phylogeny, Anatomy And Behaviour Biological Journal Of The Linnean Society. 94(4), 837-852
• HARDY, I.C.W. and GOUBAULT, M., 2007. Wasp fights: understanding and utilizing agonistic bethylid behaviour. Biocontrol News and Information. 28, 11-15
• HARDY, I.C.W. and ODE, P.J., 2007. Why biocontrol practitioners should be more interested in parasitoid sex ratios. Biocontrol News and Information. 28, 49-51
• GOUBAULT, M and HARDY, ICW, 2007. Deuterium Marking Of Chemical Emissions: Detectability And Fitness Consequences Of A Novel Technique For Insect Behavioural Studies Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata. 125(3), 285-296
• GOUBAULT, M, SCOTT, D and HARDY, ICW, 2007. The Importance Of Offspring Value: Maternal Defence In Parasitoid Contests Animal Behaviour. 74, 437-446
• GOUBAULT, M, MACK, AFS and HARDY, ICW, 2007. Encountering Competitors Reduces Clutch Size And Increases Offspring Size In A Parasitoid With Female-Female Fighting Proceedings Of The Royal Society B-Biological Sciences. 274(1625), 2571-2577
• GARDNER, A, HARDY, ICW, TAYLOR, PD and WEST, SA, 2007. Spiteful Soldiers And Sex Ratio Conflict In Polyembryonic Parasitoid Wasps American Naturalist. 169(4), 519-533
• GOUBAULT, M., BATCHELOR, T.P., LINFORTH, R.S.T., TAYLOR, A.J. and HARDY, I.C.W., 2006. Volatile emission by contest losers revealed by real-time chemical analysis Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B. 273(1603), 2853-2859
• BATCHELOR, T.P., HARDY, I.C.W. and BARRERA, J.F., 2006. Interactions among bethylid parasitoid species attacking the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Biological Control. 36(1), 106-118
• HUMPHRIES, EL, HEBBLETHWAITE, AJ, BATCHELOR, TP and HARDY, ICW, 2006. The Importance Of Valuing Resources: Host Weight And Contender Age As Determinants Of Parasitoid Wasp Contest Outcomes Animal Behaviour. 72, 891-898
• MESTERTON-GIBBONS, M, HARDY, ICW and FIELD, J, 2006. The Effect Of Differential Survivorship On The Stability Of Reproductive Queueing Journal of Theoretical Biology. 242(3), 699-712
• KARSAI, I, SOMOGYI, K and HARDY, ICW, 2006. Body Size, Host Choice And Sex Allocation In A Spider-Hunting Pompilid Wasp Biological Journal Of The Linnean Society. 87(2), 285-296
• HARDY, I.C.W., 2006. Bethylid wasps as model organisms for studying contest behaviour: Contribution to Contests in Economics and Biology, Social Science Research Center, Berlin (WZB) Available at: <http://www.wzb.eu/mp/conf/pastConfs/econbio06/default.en.htm>
• BATCHELOR, T.P., HARDY, I.C.W., BARRERA, J.F. and PEREZ-LACHAUD, G., 2005. Insect gladiators II: competitive interactions within and between bethylid parasitoid species of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Biological Control. 33, 194
• HARDY I.C.W., ODE, P.J. and SIVA-JOTHY, M., 2005. Mating Behaviour. In: JERVIS, M., ed., Insects as natural enemies: a practical perspective 2nd Ed. Spinger. 219-260
• HARDY, I.C.W., ODE, P.J. and SIVA-JOTHY, M., 2005. Mating Systems. In: JERVIS, M., ed., Insects as natural enemies: a practical perspective 2nd Ed. Spinger. 261-298
• GUINNEE, MA, BERNAL, JS, BEZEMER, TM, FIDGEN, JG, HARDY, ICW, MAYHEW, PJ, MILLS, NJ and WEST, SA, 2005. Testing Predictions Of Small Brood Models Using Parasitoid Wasps. Evolutionary Ecology Research. 7(5), 779-794
• GIRON, D., DUNN, D.W., HARDY, I.C.W. and STRAND, M.R., 2004. Aggression by polyembryonic wasp soldiers correlates with kinship but not resource competition Nature. 430(7000), 676-679
• MESTERTON-GIBBONS, M. and HARDY, I.C.W., 2004. The influence of contests on optimal clutch size: a game-theoretic model. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 271(1542), 971-978
• REYNOLDS, KT and HARDY, ICW, 2004. Superparasitism: A Non-Adaptive Strategy? Trends In Ecology & Evolution. 19(7), 347-348
• PEREZ-LACHAUD, G, BATCHELOR, TP and HARDY, ICW, 2004. Wasp Eat Wasp: Facultative Hyperparasitism And Intra-Guild Predation By Bethylid Wasps Biological Control. 30(2), 149-155
• ODE, PJ, BERENBAUM, MR, ZANGERL, AR and HARDY, ICW, 2004. Host Plant, Host Plant Chemistry And The Polyembryonic Parasitoid Copidosoma Sosares.: Indirect Effects In A Tritrophic Interaction Oikos. 388-400
• HARDY, I.C.W., 2003. Factors influencing avian sex ratios World's Poultry Science Journal. 59, 19-24
• GAMMELL, MP and HARDY, ICW, 2003. Contest Duration: Sizing Up The Opposition? Trends In Ecology & Evolution. 18(10), 491-493
• GAMMELL, M.P. and HARDY, I.C.W., 2003. Interpreting non-significant results in animal behaviour research: the use of power analysis and confidence intervals. BioMedNet. Available at: <http://update.bmn.com/>
• HARDY, I.C.W. and GAMMELL, M.P., 2003. Sex change invariants BioMedNet. Available at: <http://update.bmn.com/>
• WILSON, K. and HARDY, I.C.W., 2002. Statistical analysis of sex ratios: an introduction. In: HARDY I.C.W., ed., Sex ratios: concepts and research methods Cambridge Universitry Press. 48-92
• KRACKOW, S., MEELIS, E. and HARDY, I.C.W., 2002. Analysis of sex ratio variances and sequences of sex allocation. In: HARDY, I.C.W., ed., Sex ratios: concepts and research methods Cambridge University Press. 112-131
• PEREZ-LACHAUD, G., HARDY, I.C.W. and LACHAUD, J.P., 2002. Insect gladiators: competitive interactions between three species of bethylid wasps attacking the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Biological Control. 25(3), 231-238
• HARDY, I. C. W., 2002. The birds and the wasps: a sex-ratio meta-analysis Trends in Ecology and Evolution. VOL 17(NUMBER 5), 207
• HARDY, I. C. W., 2002. A macroevolutionary fondness for Neoptera Trends in Ecology and Evolution. VOL 17(NUMBER 8), 354
• HARDY, I.C.W., ed., 2002. Sex ratios: concepts and research methods. Cambridge University Press.
• EADY, P. E. and HARDY, I. C. W., 2001. Overt versus covert competition in Soay sheep Trends in Ecology and Evolution. VOL 16(NUMBER 6), 279-280
• PEREZ-LACHAUD, G. and HARDY, I. C. W., 2001. Alternative Hosts for Bethylid Parasitoids of the Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Biological Control. VOL 22(PART 3), 265-277
• HARDY, I.C.W. and COOK, J.M., 2001. Vicious fig wasps in viscous populations Trends in Ecology and Evolution. VOL 16(NUMBER 5), 224
• MESTERTON-GIBBONS, M. and HARDY, I. C. W., 2001. A polymorphic effect of sexually differential production costs when one parent controls the sex ratio Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. ISSU 1474, 1429-1434
• HARDY, I.C.W. and KEMP, D.J., 2001. Skink skirmishes: why do owners win? Trends in Ecology and Evolution. VOL 16(NUMBER 4), 174
• HARDY, ICW and COOK, JM, 2001. Vicious Fig Wasps In Viscous Populations Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 224
• HARDY, ICW, STOKKEBO, S, BONLOKKE-PEDERSEN, J and SEJR, MK, 2000. Insemination Capacity And Dispersal In Relation To Sex Allocation Decisions In Goniozus Legneri (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae): Why Are There More Males In Larger Broods? Ethology. 106(11), 1021-1032
• STOKKEBO, S and HARDY, ICW, 2000. The Importance Of Being Gravid: Egg Load And Contest Outcome In A Parasitoid Wasp Animal Behaviour. 59, 1111-1118
• FIELD, SA and HARDY, ICW, 2000. Butterfly Contests: Contradictory But Not Paradoxical Animal Behaviour. 59, F1-F3
• PEREZ-LACHAUD, G and HARDY, ICW, 1999. Reproductive Biology Of Cephalonomia Hyalinipennis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), A Native Parasitoid Of The Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus Hampei (Coleoptera : Scolytidae), In Chiapas, Mexico Biological Control. 14(3), 152-158
• HARDY, ICW, PEDERSEN, JB, SEJR, MK and LINDEROTH, UH, 1999. Local Mating, Dispersal And Sex Ratio In A Gregarious Parasitoid Wasp Ethology. 105(1), 57-72
• MAYHEW, PJ, ODE, PJ, HARDY, ICW and ROSENHEIM, JA, 1998. Parasitoid Clutch Size And Irreversible Evolution Ecology Letters. 1(3), 139-141
• HARDY, ICW and GILLIS, JEM, 1998. Nematode Parasitism In A Danish Drosophilid Community: Further Evaluation Of The Disproportionate Parasitism Hypothesis Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 88(1), 67-71
• HARDY, ICW, DIJKSTRA, LJ, GILLIS, JEM and LUFT, PA, 1998. Patterns Of Sex Ratio, Virginity And Developmental Mortality In Gregarious Parasitoids Biological Journal Of The Linnean Society. 64(2), 239-270
• HARDY, ICW and FIELD, SA, 1998. Logistic Analysis Of Animal Contests Animal Behaviour. 56, 787-792
• HARDY, ICW and MAYHEW, PJ, 1998. Sex Ratio, Sexual Dimorphism And Mating Structure In Bethylid Wasps Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 42, 383-395
• MAYHEW, PJ and HARDY, ICW, 1998. Nonsiblicidal Behavior And The Evolution Of Clutch Size In Bethylid Wasps American Naturalist. 151, 409-424
• HARDY, ICW and MAYHEW, PJ, 1998. Partial Local Mating And The Sex Ratio: Indirect Comparative Evidence Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 13, 431-432
• HARDY, ICW, 1998. Butterfly Battles: On Conventional Contests And Hot Property Trends in Evolution and Ecology. 13, 385-386
• GILLIS, JEM and HARDY, ICW, 1997. Nematode Parasitism In A Northern European Drosophilid Community Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata. 84(3), 275-291
• HARDY, ICW, 1997. Opossum Sex Ratios Revisited: Significant Or Nonsignificant? American Naturalist. 150(3), 420-424
• VANHOOFF, JARAM, RASA, A, GLATSTON, AR, HARDY, ICW, KAUMANNS, W, PRINCEE, F, HOLST, B, ZILLICH, U, NEVISON, C, KRACKOW, S, KING, C, FEISTNER, A, HODGES, K, SCHMIDT and HOFER, 1997. Research In Zoos: From Behavioural Research To Sex Ratio Manipulation - General Discussion Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 51, 317-321
• HARDY, ICW, 1997. Possible Factors Influencing Vertebrate Sex Ratios: An Introductory Overview Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 51, 217-241
• PETERSEN, G and HARDY, ICW, 1996. The Importance Of Being Larger: Parasitoid Intruder-Owner Contests And Their Implications For Clutch Size Animal Behaviour. 51, 1363-1373
• HARDY, ICW, 1996. Interactions At The Second Benelux-Congress Of Zoology Netherlands Journal of Zoology. 46, 1-8
• HARDY, ICW and COOK, JM, 1995. Brood Sex-Ratio Variance, Developmental Mortality And Virginity In A Gregarious Parasitoid Wasp Oecologia. 103(2), 162-169
• HARDY, ICW and KRACKOW, S, 1995. Does Sex Appeal To Zoos? Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 10, 478-479
• HARDY, ICW, 1995. The Paradox Of Polyembryony - Reply Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 10, 372
• HARDY, ICW, 1995. Protagonists Of Polyembryony Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 10, 179-180
• HARDY, ICW, VANALPHEN, JJM, HEIMPEL, GE and ODE, PJ, 1995. Entomophagous Insects - Progress In Evolutionary And Applied Ecology Trends in Evology and Evolution. 10, 96-97
• NAGELKERKE, CJ and HARDY, ICW, 1994. The Influence Of Developmental Mortality On Optimal Sex Allocation Under Local Mate Competition Behavioral Ecology. 5(4), 401-411
• HARDY, ICW, 1994. Polyandrous Parasitoids - Multiple Mating For Varietys Sake Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 9, 202-203
• HARDY, ICW, 1994. Sex-Ratio And Mating Structure In The Parasitoid Hymenoptera Oikos. 3-20
• HARDY, ICW, ODE, PJ and STRAND, MR, 1993. Factors Influencing Brood Sex-Ratios In Polyembryonic Hymenoptera Oecologia. 93(3), 343-348
• GODFRAY, H.C.J. and HARDY, I.C.W., 1993. Sex ratio and virginity in haplodiploid insects.. In: WRENSCH, D.L. and EBBERT, M.A., eds., Evolution and diversity of sex ratio in insects and mites. Chapman and Hall, New York. 402-417
• HARDY, ICW, GRIFFITHS, NT and GODFRAY, HCJ, 1992. Clutch Size In A Parasitoid Wasp - A Manipulation Experiment Journal Of Animal Ecology. 61(1), 121-129
• HARDY, I.C.W., 1992. The 'insurance hypothesis' and the theory of clutch size in birds and in invertebrates The Auk. 109, 936-937
• HARDY, ICW, 1992. Nonbinomial Sex Allocation And Brood Sex-Ratio Variances In The Parasitoid Hymenoptera Oikos. 65, 143-158
• HARDY, ICW and BLACKBURN, TM, 1991. Brood Guarding In A Bethylid Wasp Ecological Entomology. 16(1), 55-62
• HARDY, ICW and GODFRAY, HCJ, 1990. Estimating The Frequency Of Constrained Sex Allocation In Field Populations Of Hymenoptera Behaviour. 114, 137-147