Changes in Science Education
Providing an overview of current issues in UK science education, Changes in Science Education is a free course that examines what type of science the curriculum should cover and for what purpose. It will introduce you to the practical problems of delivering an effective science curriculum, touching upon particular questions at all three educational tiers - primary, secondary and tertiary.
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Acknowledgements SPECIAL RESTRICTIONS – THIS COURSE MAY NOT BE ALTERED. SEE CREATIVE COMMONS LICENCE. The materials for this course (W223) Company law in context have been made available by The College of Law for use in OpenLearn under a Creative Commons Attribution-non-commercial-No-Derivative Works 2.0 licence. This means that the materials may be used with acknowledgement to The College of Law for non-commercial purposes only and may not be altered or adapted in any way without prior permiss
Keep on learning   There are more than 800 courses on OpenLearn for you to Conclusion This free course provided an introduction to studying Law. It took you through a series of exercises designed to develop your approach to study and learning at a distance and helped to improve your confidence as an independent learner. 4 Reflection on this course To review and consolidate the learning which you have gained from studying this course, you might like to consider the following questions: Has studying the course changed your ideas in any way about what a ‘business’ is? Why do you think that different ways of running a business have developed under English law (e.g. sole trader, partnership, company)? What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of running 3.5 Review of learning outcomes Decide for yourself, by working through the table below, whether you have satisfied the learning outcomes for Part B. 3.4.2 Key characteristics of a partnership In Part B, Section 2, we noted some of the key characteristics of being a sole trader. You may wish to briefly review that section before proceeding, as in the remaining activities in Part B, we will consider those same characteristics in the context of a partnership. First, we will look at those characteristics which give rise to issues as between the partners 3.4.1 What is a partnership? Persons who run a business together are said to be in partnership. Partnership is the second form of business organisation at which we shall look, and we will explore what a partnership is, in the eyes of the law, in the next activity. 3.3.2 Key characteristics of being a sole trader In general terms, some of the key characteristics of being a sole trader are that: you ‘own’ the business; strictly, you own the property of the business, and have a variety of other legal capacities. In a more general sense, we can say that the wealth represented by the business is yours; in other words, you are entitled to all the capital of the business. you make the decisions which affect the nature and running of the business. 3.2.1 What is a sole trader? If you were to set up a newsagency business on your own as described in Activity 2, you would be a sole trader. Often this is described as being ‘self-employed’. You would be the ‘owner’ of the business. Whilst other people might be involved in your business (for example, as employees or suppliers), it would nevertheless be your business. 3.2 Forms of business organisation, or ‘business mediums’ If you were to carry on the business described in Activity 2, you would be carrying on business on your own. You would be what is called a ‘sole trader’. We will look at the consequences of being a sole trader in a little bit more detail in this section. However, not all businesses are run by sole traders. There are several different ways in 1.2 Law and context The law relating to businesses, which includes company law, is a highly practical subject because of the areas which it covers. You may in fact already have experience of this if you are in business; in addition or alternatively, you may be a shareholder in a company, or have lent money to one. All students and practitioners of these areas of law therefore need to have a good understanding of how they actually work in practice, as well as the commercial, political, economic and social c 1.1 ‘Company law’ Before embarking on this course, it is important to take some time to think about the implications of its title: Company law in context. In particular, what constitutes ‘company law’, and what is the context in which we are thinking about it? At this point, you might like to pause for a moment and contemplate what this phrase means to you. In particular, what do you understand by the concept of a ‘company’? At first, this may seem like a ludicrously straightforward questio Learning outcomes After studying this course, you should be able to: Part A: describe in general terms what a business is demonstrate an appreciation of the concept of capital. Part B: identify the main types of business medium demonstrate an understanding of the key characteristics of businesses run as sole traders determine what are the assets and liabilities of a business using numeracy skil References 3.7 The growth of the ECHR The achievements of the ECHR are many. It continues to promote human rights and democracy across Europe, it has established jurisprudence in human rights and it has made significant contributions to the continued peace and stability of Europe. Recent reforms mean that the right of individual petition is now guaranteed, so individuals are afforded protection from the power of the state. The number of HCPs has expanded to 46 and access to the protection of the ECHR and the ECtHR is available to 4.3 Summary of Part C In Part C you explored the relationship between UK law and human rights. You learnt about the historical approaches taken to rights in the UK, that individuals could do as they please unless there was a law restricting or preventing that conduct. The UK had been a signatory to the ECHR for many years before passing the Human Rights Act. Through activities you explored the debate on incorporation of the ECHR and its perceived effect. 4.2 Effect of the ECHR on English law prior to the Human Rights Act 1998 The Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) received the Royal Assent on 9 November 1998, and the main provisions were brought into effect on 2 October 2000. However, the UK had by then been a signatory to and had ratified the ECHR for nearly fifty years. What was the effect, if any, of the Convention on UK domestic law? We have already noted the supremacy of Parliament as the main law-making body in the UK. Under English law international treaties do not become part of domestic law unless and until some 3.3 What were the fundamental human rights which required protection? Earlier in this course you explored why certain rights were considered to be basic human rights. These can be described as those rights of individuals or groups relating to human dignity and fundamental freedoms, which require legal protection from adverse interference by the state, where those rights derive from the fact of being human. Such rights can be traced back to two aspects of international law, namely customary international law and treaty law. The former derives from the customs ad
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I am confident that I have a sufficiently comprehensive understanding to enable me to move on. I am sufficiently confident in my understanding to enable me to move on, but I am aware that I need to revisit the material later. I
Activity 6: Nature of a partnership
