2.2 A society frightened by crime? We do not have to look too far to find someone saying that the UK is a society gripped by rising levels of crime, anti-social behaviour and incivility; or that disorder threatens social stability. The criminologist Robert Reiner suggests that ‘in the last 40 years, we have got used to thinking of crime, like the weather and pop music, as something that is always getting worse’ (Reiner, 1996, p. 3). So who is telling this story? Most of us will have heard older family members and fri
9 A stand-alone computer The computer you are using for your studies is called a personal computer or PC. Although you have an internet connection for use in this course, your computer can probably also be used as a stand-alone computer. Your PC may be a desktop computer or a notebook computer (sometimes known as a laptop computer). Usually a desktop computer comes with separate devices such as a monitor, a keyboard, a mouse and speakers and it runs on mains electricity. Notebook computers
Valley Forge, 1777 (The American Revolution)
When the Continental Army made camp at Valley Forge during the American Revolution, times were tough. The winter was bitter cold, and there was disease and hunger. (01:30)
4.1 Understanding the relationship between data and space A map on its own is meaningless. Try showing one to a person from a culture which does not include mapmaking as we know it. A map is neither a picture nor a story – unless we know how to ‘read’ it. You have already developed ‘reading skills’ which will help in reading maps. For example, noting the title and the sources are common to all the uses of evidence in the social sciences. Critical awareness is vital in recognising how mapmaking involves selection, distortion and generalisat
My Monster: The Human Animal Hybrid – Curator Interview
RMIT Gallery's latest exhibition explores our fascination with the merging of humans and animals. Aeden Ratcliffe talks to its curator, Dr Evelyn Tsitas
4.5 Structural explanations III: cultures An early and influential body of research by the Chicago School of sociology explained criminal behaviour in terms of cultural structures. The school studied American male juvenile delinquents – or young offenders – in inter-war American cities (Shaw and McKay, 1969). Here we use the term culture to describe the web of meanings and values that individuals live their life within. (Recall from Section 1.1 how important every-day norms and conventions were in defining the meaning of c
3.4.3 Simulated environmental tests The investigators wanted to know about the fatigue properties of the component, to find a feasible explanation of why it took 39 years for the eye bar to break. They needed information on the several stress corrosion mechanisms that were possible in the material, including hydrogen embrittlement, the effects of sulphur compounds such as H2S (hydrogen sulphide) and the effects of moisture and salt. Notched eye-bar material was loaded to failure in various environments. In fact
4.8 Has the telephone led to any related or spin-off products? There have been a number of branches of the telegraph and the telephone family tree where research and experiment into one technology have contributed to the development of another. An early example was Edison inventing the phonograph. He'd been working on a telegraph repeater to record telegraph signals using a stylus to vibrate onto and indent a sheet of paper. The idea was that when the indented paper passed across the stylus again the indentations would cause identical vibrations an
1.6.1 Thiamin (or thiamine, also known as vitamin B1) The deficiency disease beriberi has been known for thousands of years. The name literally means ‘I can't, I can't’ in Sinhalese (a major language in Sri Lanka), and reflects the crippling effect on its victims, who suffer from neurological symptoms, including pain, fatigue and paralysis, and cardiovascular disease. The disease was most common in southeast Asia, where white or ‘polished’ rice was a major part of the diet. The main source of thiamin is in the outer layers of the grain,
4.3 Who invented the telephone? The popular image of Bell inventing the telephone, while it has some truth, is by no means the whole story. The two most significant players in the invention of a practical working telephone were Bell and Elisha Gray. Gray was the co-owner and chief scientist of a company that manufactured telegraphic equipment. Bell's patent description had sound transmission as a minor purpose. But Gray's caveat declared that the main purpose of his device was ‘to transmit the tones of the human voi
1.2.3 Stage 1: Preparation Numbers and diagrams are highly abstract and condensed summaries of the world. They require a degree of mental effort to bridge the gap between them and the aspects of the ‘real’ world they stand for. Approach them slowly and with care, allowing yourself time to get the feel of what you are looking at. Don't assume you already know what you are looking at.
1.3.7 Factors affecting fertilization It is useful at this stage to summarize the main factors involved in a successful fertilization. First and foremost, fertile gametes must be made. This depends fundamentally on the health of the prospective parents. If they are diseased or undernourished, or have been exposed to high levels of radiation, then not only will they not produce healthy gametes, but they will probably not want to engage in the kinds of activity that might bring their gametes together. DNA replication and prot
1.10 Religion and the individual How formal or informal, how personal or impersonal, how loose or how tight, how casual or demanding the religious community is will depend on the form of religion, the extent to which it is enforced and the level of the individual's commitment to it. It is worth remembering that just as people have certain expectations of religion, religions tend to have certain expectations of adherents. The sociologists Rodney Stark and Charles Glock (1968) have argued that although religious organizations
2.7 Ecological footprinting How do we practically re-engage with the world and breakaway from the confines of reductionist thinking? Since we are both part of the problem and part of the solution, we need to start collecting Author(s):
References 2.6.1 Try some yourself Place the following masses in order, with the lightest first:   2125 mg   1.9 g   0.02 kg To compare these m 4 Looking to the future It would be a brave person who tries to predict the future in any area of work. However, in gathering resources for this course we have been in a position to obtain a good sense of how teaching assistants are currently working in primary schools across the UK. We are also in touch with a large number of assistants studying courses with The Open University and note how they write about their day-to-day work. This provides us with an idea of how the role is developing and also how it might poss 1.3 Chromosome structure and DNA replication DNA replication is closely linked to chromosome replication, which in turn is linked to cell division, which includes the nuclear division of mitosis. This raises an intriguing question: how many DNA molecules are present in a chromosome? Chromosomes are composed of DNA intimately associated with proteins. When the chromosomes become visible at the beginning of mitosis, the DNA has already been replicated, and the chromosomes are double structures; that is, each chromosome consists of t Conclusion This free course provided an introduction to studying Law. It took you through a series of exercises designed to develop your approach to study and learning at a distance and helped to improve your confidence as an independent learner. Acknowledgements The content acknowledged below is Proprietary (see terms and conditions). This content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence. Couse image: B
Activity 20
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