3.2 Subordinate legislation Subordinate legislation is legislation made by a person or body to whom Parliament has
2.3 Public and private law Public law involves the state or government in some way. There are three main types of law that fall into this category. Constitutional law: this controls how the Author(s):
2.2 Civil and criminal law One of the most common classifications and one that is used by many legal systems, is the distinction between civil and criminal law. As civil and criminal law have different purposes, different systems for dealing with them have developed. Criminal law is about creating laws for the protection of society as a whole and providing punishment for those who break those laws. Criminal law sets out types of behaviour that are forbidden within society and if the behaviour occurs, then punishm
1.1 The constitution The UK has a common law legal system. It is very difficult to give a simple definition of the legal system in the UK, but you may find it helps to think of it as the system that covers how all civil and criminal laws are made, used and enforced. A fundamental part of any legal system is its Author(s):
Introduction In this unit you will have the opportunity to look at some of the constituent parts of the legal system in the UK. You will also consider how laws are made and who is responsible for enforcing them. Finally, you will have an opportunity to experiment with different ways of taking notes. This unit is from our archive and is an adapted extract from the Open University course Starting with Law (Y166), which is no longer in presentation. If you wish to study formally with The Open Un
7 Review of unit learning outcomes After studying this unit, you should be able to: explain how Acts of Parliament originate: Â party manifestos, national emergency or crisis, Royal Commissions, the Law Commission, Private Members' Bills discuss the process by which rules become law and the role of Parliament in making legal rules: Â first reading, second read
6.1 Influences on the law-making process In Part E I will discuss the influence of pressure groups in the rule-making process and assess the role that citizens can have in influencing the laws Parliament makes. As you have seen already, most Acts of Parliament are the outcome of the policy decisions taken by Government and the actual policies pursued will depend upon the political goals of that Government. Most Acts result from Government Bills sponsored by the relevant Minister. Education legislation, for example, will be int
4.9 The control of delegated legislation You may have been surprised to read that through delegated legislation an enormous amount of law is made every year outside of the democratically elected parliamentary process and therefore this law is being made by non-elected people. There are, however, certain safeguards to ensure that delegated legislation is controlled by way of both parliamentary and judicial control.
4.8 Professional regulations Certain professional bodies, such as The Solicitors Regulation Authority, have delegated authority under enabling legislation to regulate the conduct of their members. The Solicitors Regulation Authority has power to control the conduct of practising solicitors under the Solicitors Act 1974. The General Medical Council regulates the conduct of its members under the Medical Act of 1858. It has four main functions: to keep up-to-date registers of qualif
4.2 The volume of delegated legislation Delegated legislation is a very important source of legislation quite simply because of its volume. There are far more pieces of delegated legislation created each year than Acts of Parliament. For example, in 2005 there were only 24 general public Acts of Parliament passed whereas there were 3,699 Statutory Instruments made. You will learn about Statutory Instruments as one type of delegated legislation.
3,3,7 Royal Assent You have already seen references to Royal Assent in this unit. The monarch formally assents to a Bill in order for it to pass into law. Royal Assent has never been withheld in recent times. Queen Anne was the last monarch to withhold a Royal Assent, when she blocked a Scottish Militia Bill in 1707. The Queen feared a Scottish militia might be turned against the monarchy. Since the sixteenth century no monarch has actually signed a Bill themselves. Instead, the monarch signs what are kno
2.10 Summary of Part A In Part A we have examined the various ways in which Acts of Parliament may originate: Party manifestos National emergency, crisis or new development Royal Commissions The Law Commission Private Members' Bills.
3.5 Review of learning outcomes Decide for yourself, by working through the table below, whether you have satisfied the learning outcomes for Part B. 3.1 Key themes and learning outcomes The key themes of Part B are: business mediums; sole trader; partnership or firm; assets and liabilities. After studying Part B, you should be able to: identify the main types of business medium; demonstrate an understanding of the key characteristics of businesses run as sole traders; demonstrate an understanding of the 2.5 Review of learning outcomes Decide for yourself, by working through the table below, whether you have satisfied the learning outcomes for Part A.
I am confident that I have a sufficiently comprehensive understanding to enable me to move on.
I am sufficiently confident in my understanding to enable me to move on, but I am aware that I need to revisit the material later.
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