2.6 End-of-course questions What is the approximate wavelength range (in metres) of microwaves? The range is from about 1 m down to a little less than 1.3 Beyond visible light During the twentieth century, astronomers extended their capabilities by developing telescopes and detectors that were sensitive to radio waves, microwaves, infrared and ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays. All these forms of electromagnetic radiation, along with visible light, are emitted by the Sun. 6 Reflection Most of the activities that you have done so far are based on your understanding of single sections that you have just read. Activity 8 which follows, is different. It requires you to assemble and integrate information over the whole 'Life in the trees' topic and is likely to require some extra effort and thought. Integrating information from different sections of the course; is an important element in building your study skills. You're asked here to assemble evidence in support of a particul 5.2 Madagascan diversity Watch the video sequence below, which focuses on just three lemur species - the ring-tailed (in a very brief sequence, leaping from one tree to another), the golden bamboo lemur, already mentioned, and the s 10 Living in herds Wildebeest are only one of the species of plant predator that live in herds. Many others do too. Watch the the TV programme from 30.48-47.32 and read LoM p. 109. Identify and write down (a) a couple of 5.3 Hindgut fermenters The odd-toed ungulates (comprising the order Perissodactyla), the horses, tapirs and rhinoceroses, are hindgut fermenters, as are elephants. Update Table 2 with this information. These animals have a relatively simple, small undivided stomach, but this time an even larger caecum and colon where the microbes are housed and whe 3.5 Natural selection Darwin summarised his theory of natural selection in the introduction to The Origin of Species as follows: As many more individuals of each species are born than can possibly survive; and as, consequently, there is a frequently recurring struggle for existence, it follows that any being, if it vary however slightly in any manner profitable to itself, under the complex and sometimes varying conditions of life 3.2 Shrews Drawing on the notes you made about shrews in Author(s): 9.2 Background Bellaby, P. (2003) ‘Communication and miscommunication of risk: understanding UK parents' attitudes to combined MMR vaccination’, British Medical Journal, 327, 27 September 2003, pp. 725–28. Reproduced by permission from the BMJ Publishing Group; Mary Evans Picture Library Ltd; P A Photos. In 1998 Wakefield was the first to make the claim that autism and the MMR vaccine are linked.1 It is based on a dozen clinical cases of gastrointestinal disorders with w Acknowledgements Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see terms and conditions), this content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources for material used in this course: 8 Conclusion We have seen that there are three independent pieces of evidence, all of which point to the occurrence of a big bang: (i) the recession of the galaxies; (ii) the cosmic microwave background; and (iii) the comparison between the calculated primordial nuclear abundances and the present-day composition of matter in the Universe. For these various reasons, the vast majority of cosmologists today accept that there was a big bang. This acceptance has been given extra support by the agreement betwee 3.1 Limitations of Ampère's law In order to analyse the limitations of Ampère's law, and suggest ways of overcoming them, we need to use some properties of divergence. For ease of reference, these properties are given below: The divergence of 3.2 Io Io is one of the most marvellous bodies in the Solar System, but the intense radiation bathing its surface (Figure 2) makes it unlikely that anyone will ever be able to visit. Even robotic spacecraft cannot survive this close to Jupiter for very long, so the Galileo Jupiter orbiter made very few close fly-bys of Io. 2.3 Movie 1 - Voyager 1 'Blue Movie' Voyager 1 'Blue Movie' This is t 1.10 Ganymede David A. Rothery Teach Yourself Planets, Chapter 9, pp. 107-39, Hodder Education, 2000, 2003. Copyright © David Rothery Ganymede is the largest planetary satellite in the Solar System, being bigger (though less massive) than the planet Mercury. It is shown in comparison with its outer neighbour Callisto in Author(s): 4.2 DDT: a classic case in ecotoxicology DDT is very effective in controlling pests, being very toxic to insects, and is cheap to produce. Its effectiveness is enhanced because it is very persistent, remaining active in the environment for a long time. This increases its value as an insecticide to farmers because one application lasts a long time, but is also a major reason why it poses a threat to wildlife and to human health. Although the agricultural use of DDT was banned in most developed countries 30 years ago, it can still be 3.8.1 Standard deviation: finding how reproducible a series of measurements are Even if we know the maximum and minimum and middle values in a group of numbers, we still don't have a clear idea about the distribution of values within that range: are most of the values all bunched up at one end or spread evenly across the results? For instance, if I count my pulse rate on the hour every hour, nine times over the course of a day, I might get the following values for the number of beats per minute (bpm): 61, 59, 60, 62, 60, 100, 59, 63, 61. The average result is 65 bp 1.4.1 Study Note 2 An important point to remember when writing down measurements from a scale is never to quote more decimal places than you can reliably read from the measuring device you are using. 6 Conclusion A discrete exotic terrane refers to a large crustal fragment that can be recognised by its distinct sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic and structural history compared with that of its eventual neighbours, and has been juxtaposed into position by major strike–slip faults. Nine discrete exotic terranes make up the Basement in the British Isles. These consist primarily of Precambrian metamorphosed rocks but also contain some unmetamorphosed sedi 5.5 Variscan Orogenic Belt Unlike the Caledonian Orogenic Belt, outcrops of the Variscan Orogenic Belt are limited to the south-west of England, southern Wales and the south of Ireland (see Figure 9 and Author(s):
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Activity 7
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Some properties of divergence
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