Separation and patterns


There is much current academic and technological interest in separation and pattern formation in vibrated granular systems. One important mechanism for separation is the influence of a fluid driven beckwards and forwards through the bed during vibration.


top
Under vertical vibration, a mixture of fine bronze and glass spheres in air separate at lower frequencies with the heavier bronze uppermost. Download the complete mpeg file here.


sandwich
At higher frequencies, the bronze/glass mixture separates into the sandwich configuration shown above.  The complete mpeg file can be downloaded here.



stripes experimantal
Experiment
stripes simulation
Simulation
Under horizontal vibration, a mixture of fine bronze/glass spheres in air, or equivalently larger spheres in water, spontaneously form a striped pattern.
 



wave
Between two concentric cylinders, a vertically vibrated mixture of bronze and glass spheres in water separate and break symmetry to form a heap. The system further breaks symmetry as the bronze develops different thichnesses on the two slopes of the heap. The whole system then rotates with the thicker bronze on the leading edge of the travelling wave.




        Further information can be found in the following publications:

  • ``Segregation and Pattern Formation in Vibrated Granular Mixtures'', M. R. Swift, P. Sanchez and P. J. King, Advances in Science and Technology, 43, 225 (2004).