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Ed Louis

Professor and Director of the Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences

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Biography

BSc in Biology and Mathematics, Clarkson University 1981; PhD in Genetics, University of California at Berkeley 1986 (National Science Foundation Scholarship; American Cancer Society Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Brandeis University 1986-1991; Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford 1991-1998; Lecturer and Tutorial Fellow, Dept. of Biochemistry and Corpus Christi College, Oxford 1998-2000; Professor of Genetics, University of Leicester 2000-2005; Professor of Genome Dynamics, University of Nottingham 2005- current. Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award 2008. Fellow of the Society of Biology 2009.

Research Summary

​Work in progress

The overall research theme in the lab has been genome dynamics and evolution with a particular interest in telomeres and subtelomeres in Saccharomyces yeasts. This has led to the description of new yeast species, mechanisms of speciation, the genetic structure of yeast populations and species and the complex genetic architecture underlying complex traits through QTL analysis. The study of the rapid dynamics of telomere regions has led to the study of subtelomere dynamics and its control, telomere position effect in natural chromosome ends, and the mechanisms and control of telomeres without telomerase. Along the way various tools and resources have been developed to aid in the cloning and analysis of telomeres and subtelomeres and these have been applied to various parasites (Trypanosoma brucei and Plasmodium falciparum) in addition to budding yeasts. Specific programmes of research are as follows:

Population genomics and genome evolution: We have had a long-standing interest in genome evolution, speciation and natural variation in Saccharomyces yeasts. Previous research has determined that chromosomal rearrangements do not correlate with speciation events in Saccharomyces. Research by a former student, Duncan Greig rules out most possible major gene differences ala Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities. Our studies support a role for the accumulation of sequence divergence and the action of the mismatch repair system as a major component of postzygotic reproductive isolation in Saccharomyces sensu stricto yeast leading to speciation. Recent work has determined the population structure of S. cerevisiae, our oldest friend, and its closest relative S. paradoxus, the wild cousin rarely if ever used in human fermentation. The major observations are that there is greater genetic variation in S. paradoxus than S. cerevisiae yet more phenotypic variation in S. cerevisiae. S. paradoxus consists of several well defined populations separated on geographic boundaries while S. cerevisiae is composed of several clean populations/lineages and several mosaic strains that are recent outcrosses of the clean populations. Human activity appears to have provided the opportunity for outcrossing rather than imposed selection leading to domestication. This outcrossing may explain in part the greater phenotypic diversity.

Quantitative trait loci underlying phenotypic variation: The genetic analysis of yeast populations and the phenotypic characterization of all strains sequenced provided an unprecedented opportunity for advanced QTL analysis of complex traits in yeast.

Telomeres, genome dynamics and evolution: Telomeres and telomere associated sequences (subtelomeres) are dynamic and highly polymorphic in virtually all linear chromosomes. They are associated with genome stability over all as well as in ageing, cancer, pathogenicity and evolution. We study the structure, function and dynamics of these sequences in the yeast S. cerevisiae at several levels. In addition we study genome evolution and speciation in yeasts and telomeres in parasites.

The main theme of research has been genome stability with an emphasis on telomeres in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recent work on general genome organisation and evolution, general stability, telomere structure and dynamics and telomere biology can be found on the following pages.

  • The subtelomeric regions in yeast are highly polymorphic and dynamic. See Louis and Haber 1990a and b; 1992; Louis et al. 1994; Pryde et al. 1995; Pryde and Louis
  • 1997
  • Telomere
  • and subtelomeric region structure. Sibling species of S. cerevisiae and their Chromosome Evolution. See Naumov et al. 1992; Louis et al. 1994; Naumov et al. 1995 a and b; Naumov et al. 2000; Fischer et al. 2000; Delneri et al. 2003; Liti et al. 2005
  • Population Genomics of Saccharomyces yeasts - 1-3X sequence coverage of S. paradoxus and S. cerevisiae isolates.
  • Trypanosome Telomere Resource - Cloning telomeres from other organisms using Transformation Associated Recombination. See Becker et al. 2004
  • Sibling species of S. cerevisiae and their Chromosome Evolution. See Naumov et al. 1992; Louis et al. 1994; Naumov et al. 1995 a and b; Naumov et al. 2000; Fischer et al. 2000; Delneri et al. 2003; Liti et al. 2005.

Selected Publications

Research Resources

There is a project page for the yeast resequencing project at The Sanger Institute. This lists the strains being sequenced. Half of them have already been sequenced, and there are links to the sequence reads, and the other half are planned to be sequenced in the next couple of months (we have DNA). The strains will be available from the NCYC as well as from the Ed Louis lab.

We also have draft sequences for each strain being sequenced, based on alignments to the reference sequence, and draft SNP calls based on these.The provisional versions of this data are available for download.

A more user friendly multiple alignment and browser is being developed for these sequences and a test version is available here.

I hope that suitable strains are available in the list being sequenced - we are keen for the data to be useful to the yeast community. Please note the data release policy on the web site, which states that we are planning to publish a global description of the project and its systematic analysis, which we hope you will respect.

Other Resources

Telomere and subtelomeric region structure

Centre for Genetics and Genomics

The University of Nottingham
Queen's Medical Centre
Nottingham, NG7 2UH

Tel: +44 (0) 115 823 0354
Fax: +44 (0) 115 823 0338
Email: genetics@nottingham.ac.uk