Simon Gaechter

Contact

• workRoom B54 Sir Clive Granger Building
  University Park
  Nottingham
  NG7 2RD
  UK
• work0115 84 66132
• simon.gaechter@nottingham.ac.uk

Biography

Simon joined the University of Nottingham in February 2005. He is Professor of the Psychology of Economic Decision Making. He received his doctorate in Economics in Vienna. Before coming to Nottingham he worked at the Universities of Vienna, Linz, Zurich, and St. Gallen. He is also affiliated with the CESifo network (Munich), and the Institute for the Study of Labour (IZA Bonn).

Professor Gaechter's complete cv can be downloaded here in pdf format. Simon's Facewall page.

European Research Council Advanced Grant 295707 COOPERATION (2012 - 2017)

European Research Council Advanced Grant 101020453 PRINCIPLES (2021 - 2026)

Personal webpage

Google Scholar Profile

Research Summary

Simon's research interests are in the area of behavioural and experimental economics, organisational economics, labour economics, and game theory. His main research tools are experiments. Currently,… read more

Selected Publications

• BAADER, MALTE, STARMER, CHRIS, TUFANO, FABIO and GAECHTER, SIMON, 2024. Introducing IOS11 as an extended interactive version of the ‘Inclusion of Other in the Self’ scale to estimate relationship closeness. Scientific Reports. 8901
• GAECHTER, SIMON, STARMER, CHRIS and TUFANO, 2023. Measuring “Group Cohesion” to Reveal the Power of Social Relationships in Team Production Review of Economics and Statistics.
• WEBER, TILL O., SCHULZ, JONATHAN F., BERANEK, BENJAMIN, LAMBARRAA-LEHNHARDT, FATIMA and GAECHTER, SIMON, 2023. The behavioral mechanisms of voluntary cooperation across culturally diverse societies: Evidence from the US, the UK, Morocco, and Turkey Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 215, 134-152
• GAECHTER, SIMON, KOELLE, FELIX and QUERCIA, SIMONE, 2022. Preferences and Perceptions in Provision and Maintenance Public Goods Games and Economic Behavior. 135, 338-355

• View all publications

DOWNLOADABLE DATA

"Introducing IOS₁₁ as an extended interactive version of the 'Inclusion of Other in the Self' scale to estimate relationship closeness. Scientific Reports, 14, April 2024, 8901 (with Malte Baader, Chris Starmer, and Fabio Tufano). [Data & Analysis code]

"Measuring "group cohesion" to reveal the power of social relationships in team production, Review of Economics and Statistics 2023 (with Chris Starmer and Fabio Tufano), [Data & Analysis files]

"The behavioral mechanisms of voluntary cooperation across culturally diverse societies: Evidence from the US, the UK, Morocco, and Turkey", Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 215, November 2023, 134-152 (with Till O. Weber, Jonathan F. Schulz, Benjamin Beranek and Fatima Lambarraa-Lehnhardt). [Data & Analysis files]

"Who Discriminates? Evidence From a Trust Game Experiment Across Three Societies", Journal of Economic Psychology 97, August 2023, 102630 (with Swee-Hoon Chuah, Robert Hoffmann, and Jonathan Tan). [Data & Analysis files]

"Preferences and perceptions in provision and maintenance public goods". Games and Economic Behavior 2022 (with Felix Koelle and Simone Quercia). [Data & Analysis files]

"Social closeness can help, harm and be irrelevant in solving pure coordination", Economics Letters 216, July 2022, 110552 (with Chris Starmer, Christian Thöni, Fabio Tufano and Till Weber). [Data & Analysis files]

"Conforming with Peers in Honesty and Cooperation." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 195, March 2022, 75-86 (with Ozan Isler) [Data & Analysis files].

"Social proximity and the erosion of norm compliance." Games and Economic Behavior 132, March 2022, 59-72 (with Cristina Bicchieri, Eugen Dimant and Daniele Nosenzo). [Data & Analysis files].

"Individual-level loss aversion in riskless and risky choices". Theory and Decision, August 2021 (with Eric J. Johnson and Andreas Herrmann) [Data & Analysis files].

"Social mindfulness and prosociality vary across the globe", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, August 2021, 118 (35) e2023846118 (with Niels Van Doesum, Ryan O. Murphy, Marcello Gallucci, Paul Van Lange, and 60 further co-authors) [Data & Analysis files].

"Contextualised strong reciprocity explains selfless cooperation despite selfish intuitions and weak social heuristics", Scientific Reports 11, July 2021, Article number: 13868 (with Ozan Isler, A. John Maule and Chris Starmer) [Supplementary Information] [Data & Analysis files].

"People prefer coordinated punishment in cooperative interactions", Nature Human Behaviour 3, September 2019, 1145-1153 (with Lucas Molleman, Felix Koelle and Chris Starmer). [Supplementary Information] [Data & analysis files].

"Leaders as role models and 'belief managers' in social dilemmas", Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 154, October 2018, 321-334 (with Elke Renner). [Instructions] [Data & analysis files]

"Societal background influences social learning in cooperative decision making", Evolution and Human Behavior 39(5), September 2018, 547-555 (with Lucas Molleman), [Supplementary Materials], [Data and analysis files]

"Dispositional free rider do not free ride on punishment", Nature Communications 9, 19 June 2018, Article number: 2390 (with Till Weber and Ori Weisel). [Online Supplementary Materials] [Data & Analysis Files]

"Conducting interactive experiments online", Experimental Economics 21(1), March 2018, 99-131 (with Antonio A. Arechar and Lucas Molleman) [Supplementary Materials 1 Instructions and additional figures] [Supplementary Materials 2 Experimental Data and analysis files]

"Reciprocity and the tragedies of maintaining and providing the commons", Nature Human Behaviour 1(9), September 2017, 650-656 (with Felix Koelle and Simone Quercia). [Supplementary Materials] [Data and Analysis Files]

"Conditional Cooperation and betrayal aversion", Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 141, September 2017, 110-121 (with Robin Cubitt and Simone Quercia). [Supplementary Materials, Data & Analysis Files]

"The importance of peers for compliance with norms of fair sharing" European Economic Review 97, August 2017, 72-86 (with Leonie Gerhards and Daniele Nosenzo) [Data & Analysis files] [zTree files] [Instructions & Further Analyses]

"Growth and inequality in public good provision", Journal of Public Economics 150, June 2017, 1-13 (with Friederike Mengel, Elias Tsakas and Alexander Vostroknutov). [Supplementary Materials 1: Screen shots, instructions, and additional analysis] [Supplementary Materials 2: Data, analysis files, ztree codes]

"Combining "Real Effort" with Induced Effort Costs: The Ball-Catching Task", Experimental Economics 19(4), December 2016, 687-712 (with Lingbo Huang and Martin Sefton) [Demo Video] [zTree files] [Supplementary Materials] [Data].

"Religion, Discrimination and Trust across Three Cultures, European Economic Review 90, November 2016, 280-301 (with Swee-Hoon Chuah, Robert Hoffmann and Jonathan Tan). [Instructions] [Data, Analysis Files]

"Eye Movements in Strategic Choice", Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 29(2-3), April 2016, 137-156 (with Neil Stewart, Takao Noguchi and Timothy L. Mullett). [Data]

"Intrinsic Honesty and the Prevalence of Rule Violations across Societies", Nature 531, 24 March 2016, 496-499 (with Jonathan Schulz) [Supplementary Information] [Data] [News & Views Commentary by Shaul Shalvi]. [pdf]

"Measuring the Closeness of Relationships: A Comprehensive Evaluation of the 'Inclusion of the Other in the Self' Scale". PLoS ONE 10(6), June 2015, e0129478 (with Chris Starmer and Fabio Tufano) [Supporting Information including Data]

"Peer Effects and Social Preferences in Voluntary Cooperation: A Theoretical and Experimental Analysis", Journal of Economic Psychology 48, June 2015, 72-88 (with Christian Thöni) [Data] [Supplementary materials including instructions]

"Antisocial Punishment Across Societies" Science 319, 7 March 2008, 1362-1367 (with Benedikt Herrmann and Christian Thöni). (Data)

WORKING PAPERS

Incentive Contracts Crowd Out Voluntary Cooperation: Evidence from Gift-Exchange Experiments. IZA Discussion Paper No. 16872, March 2024 (with Esther Kaiser and Manfred Königstein)

Using the Strategy Method and Elicited Beliefs to Explain Group Size and MPCR Effects in Public Good Experiments, IZA Discussion Paper 16605, November 2023 (with Diego Marino Fages).

'IOS11': A new, extended, interactive version of the 'Inclusion of Other in the Self' scale, PsyArXiv, 16 October 2023 (with Malte Baader, Chris Starmer and Fabio Tufano)

Social preferences and the variability of conditional cooperation, CeDEx Discussion Paper No. 2022-12 (with Malte Baader, Kyeongtae Lee and Martin Sefton).

The Behavioural Mechanisms of Voluntary Cooperation in WEIRD and Non-WEIRD Societies, CeDEx Discussion Paper No. 2021-03 (with Till Weber, Benjamin Beranek, Fatima Lambarraa-Lehnhardt & Jonathan Schulz).

Risk, Temptation, and Efficiency in the One-Shot Prisoner's Dilemma, IZA DP 14895 (with K Lee, Martin Sefton, and Till Weber).

Working Too Much for Too Little: Stochastic Rewards Cause Work Addiction, CeDEx Discussion Paper No. 2020-03, February 2020 (with Brice Corgnet and Roberto Hernan-Gonzalez).

Current Research

Simon's research interests are in the area of behavioural and experimental economics, organisational economics, labour economics, and game theory. His main research tools are experiments. Currently, his main research interests are on voluntary cooperation in the presence of free rider incentives, and on the interplay of material and psychological incentives in incentive provision. He has published in American Economic Review, Econometrica, Science, Nature, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Journal of Labor Economics, Journal of Public Economics, Journal of the European Economic Association, Management Science, Nature Human Behaviour and Nature Communications. He held a £1.5m European Research Council (ERC) Advanced Investigator grant on the Behavioural Economics of Cooperation (2012-2017). He was recently awarded another ERC Advanced Grant on the Behavioural Principles of Large-Scale Cooperation (2021 - 2026).

• BAADER, MALTE, STARMER, CHRIS, TUFANO, FABIO and GAECHTER, SIMON, 2024. Introducing IOS11 as an extended interactive version of the ‘Inclusion of Other in the Self’ scale to estimate relationship closeness. Scientific Reports. 8901
• GAECHTER, SIMON, STARMER, CHRIS and TUFANO, 2023. Measuring “Group Cohesion” to Reveal the Power of Social Relationships in Team Production Review of Economics and Statistics.
• CHUAH, SWEE-HOON, GAECHTER, SIMON, HOFFMANN, ROBERT and TAN, JONATHAN, 2023. Who discriminates? Evidence from a trust game experiment across three societies Journal of Economic Psychology. 97, 102630
• WEBER, TILL O., SCHULZ, JONATHAN F., BERANEK, BENJAMIN, LAMBARRAA-LEHNHARDT, FATIMA and GAECHTER, SIMON, 2023. The behavioral mechanisms of voluntary cooperation across culturally diverse societies: Evidence from the US, the UK, Morocco, and Turkey Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 215, 134-152
• GAECHTER, SIMON, JOHNSON, ERIC J. and HERRMANN, ANDREAS, 2022. Individual-level loss aversion in riskless and risky choices Theory and Decision. 92, 599–624
• BICCHIERI, CRISTINA, DIMANT, EUGEN, GAECHTER, SIMON and NOSENZO, DANIELE, 2022. Social proximity and the erosion of norm compliance Games and Economic Behavior. 132, 59-72
• ISLER, OZAN and GAECHTER, SIMON, 2022. Conforming with peers in honesty and cooperation Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 195, 75-86
• GAECHTER, SIMON, STARMER, CHRIS, THOENI, CHRISTIAN, TUFANO, FABIO and WEBER, TILL, 2022. Social closeness can help, harm and be irrelevant in solving pure coordination problems Economics Letters. 216(July), 110552
• GAECHTER, SIMON, KOELLE, FELIX and QUERCIA, SIMONE, 2022. Preferences and Perceptions in Provision and Maintenance Public Goods Games and Economic Behavior. 135, 338-355
• ISLER, O, GAECHTER, S, MAULE, J and STARMER, CHRIS, 2021. Contextualised strong reciprocity explains selfless cooperation despite selfish intuitions and weak social heuristics Scientific Reports. 11, 13868
• VAN DOESUM, NIELS, MURPHY, RYAN O., GALLUCCI, MARCELO, VAN LANGE, PAUL and GAECHTER, SIMON AND 60 MORE COAUTHORS, 2021. Social mindfulness and prosociality vary across the globe Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 118(35), e2023846118
• MRKVA, KELLEN, JOHNSON, ERIC J., GAECHTER, SIMON and HERRMANN, ANDREAS, 2020. Moderating Loss Aversion: Loss Aversion Has Moderators, But Reports of its Death are Greatly Exaggerated Journal of Consumer Psychology. 30, 407-428
• CORGNET, BRICE, GAECHTER, SIMON and HERNÁN GONZÁLEZ, ROBERTO, 2020. Personality, Emotional Intelligence, and Rationality. In: ZIMMERMANN, KLAUS, ed., Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics Springer.
• GIAMATTEI, MARCUS, YAHOSSEINI, KYANOUSH SEYED, GAECHTER, SIMON and MOLLEMAN, LUCAS, 2020. LIONESS Lab: a free web‐based platform for conducting interactive experiments online Journal of the Economic Science Association. 6(1), 95-111
• MOLLEMAN, L, KÖLLE, F, STARMER, C and GÄCHTER, S, 2019. People prefer coordinated punishment in cooperative interactions Nature Human Behaviour. 3, 1145–1153
• ARECHAR, ANTONIO A., GAECHTER, SIMON and MOLLEMAN, LUCAS, 2018. Conducting interactive experiments online Experimental Economics. 21(1), 99–131
• GAECHTER, SIMON, HUANG, LINGBO and SEFTON, MARTIN, 2018. Disappointment Aversion and Social Comparisons in a Real-Effort Competition Economic Inquiry. 56(3), 1512-1525
• MOLLEMAN, LUCAS and GAECHTER, SIMON, 2018. Societal background influences social learning in cooperative decision making Evolution and Human Behavior. 39(5), 547-555
• WEBER, TILL, WEISEL, ORI and GAECHTER, SIMON, 2018. Dispositional free riders do not free ride on punishment Nature Communications. 9, 2390
• GAECHTER, SIMON and RENNER, ELKE, 2018. Leaders as role models and ‘belief managers’ in social dilemmas Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. 154, 321-334
• GAECHTER, SIMON, MENGEL, FRIEDRIKE, TSAKAS, ELIAS and VOSTROKNUTOV, 2017. Growth and inequality in public good provision Journal of Public Economics. 150, 1-13
• GAECHTER, SIMON, 2017. Occasional errors can benefit coordination Nature. 545, 297-298
• GAECHTER, SIMON, GERHARDS, LEONIE and NOSENZO, DANIELE, 2017. The importance of peers for compliance with norms of fair sharing European Economic Review. 97, 72-86
• CUBITT, ROBIN, GAECHTER, SIMON and QUERCIA, SIMONE, 2017. Conditional cooperation and betrayal aversion Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. 141, 110-121
• GAECHTER, SIMON, KOELLE, FELIX and QUERCIA, SIMONE, 2017. Reciprocity and the tragedies of maintaining and providing the commons Nature Human Behaviour. 1(9), 650-656
• SIMON GAECHTER, LINGBO HUANG and MARTIN SEFTON, 2016. Combining “real effort” with induced effort costs: the ball-catching task Experimental Economics. 19(4), 687-712
• NEIL STEWART, SIMON GAECHTER, TAKAO NOGUCHI and TIMOTHY L. MULLETT, 2016. Eye Movements in Strategic Choice Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. 29(2-3), 137-156
• CHUAH, S, GAECHTER, S, HOFFMANN, R and TAN, J, 2016. Religion, Discrimination and Trust Across Three Cultures European Economic Review. 90, 280-301
• SIMON GAECHTER and JONATHAN SCHULZ, 2016. Intrinsic honesty and the prevalence of rule violations across societies Nature. 531(7595), 496-499
• CHRISTIAN THOENI and SIMON GAECHTER, 2015. Peer effects and social preferences in voluntary cooperation: A theoretical and experimental analysis Journal of Economic Psychology. 48, 72-88
• BENJAMIN BERANEK, ROBIN CUBITT and SIMON GAECHTER, 2015. Stated and revealed inequality aversioin three subject pools Journal of the Economic Science Association. 1(1), 43-58
• SIMON GAECHTER, CHRIS STARMER and FABIO TUFANO, 2015. Measuring the Closeness of Relationships: A Comprehensive Evaluation of the 'Inclusion of the Other in the Self' Scale PLoS One. 10(6), e0129478
• SIMON GAECHTER, 2015. Visible inequality breeds more inequality Nature. 526, 333-334
• SIMON GAECHTER, 2014. Human pro-social motivation and the maintenance of social order. In: EYAL ZAMIR and DORON TEICHMAN, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Behavioral Economics and the Law Oxford University Press. 28-60
• FALK, ARMIN, FISCHBACHER URS, GAECHTER SIMON, 2013. Living in two neighborhoods - social interactions in the lab Economic Inquiry. 51(1), 563–578
• GÄCHTER, S., NOSENZO, D. and SEFTON, M., 2013. Peer effects in pro-social behavior: social norms or social preferences? Journal of the European Economic Association. 11(3), 548–573
• GAECHTER, S, NOSENZO, D, RENNER, E. and SEFTON, M., 2012. Who Makes a Good Leader? Cooperativeness, Optimism and Leading-by-Example Economic Inquiry. 50(4), 867–879
• GAECHTER, SIMON, NOSENZO, DANIELE and SEFTON, MARTIN, 2012. The Impact of Social Comparisons on Reciprocity Scandinavian Journal of Economics. 114(4), 1346-1367
• SIMON GAECHTER, 2012. "In the lab and the field: punishment is rare in equilibrium". Comment on Francesco Guala: Reciprocity: Weak or Strong? What Punishment Experiments Do (and Do Not) Demonstrate Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 35(1), 26-28
• SIMON GAECHTER, 2012. Carrot or Stick? Nature. 483, 39-40
• URS FISCHBACHER, SIMON GAECHTER and SIMONE QUERCIA, 2012. The behavioral validity of the strategy method in public good experiments Journal of Economic Psychology. 33(4), 897-913
• SIMON GAECHTER, 2012. A Cooperative Instinct Nature. 489, 374-375
• CUBITT, R. P., DROUVELIS, M. and GÄCHTER, S., 2011. Framing and free riding: emotional responses and punishment in social dilemma games Experimental Economics. 14(2), 254-272
• CUBITT, R.P., DROUVELIS, M., GÄCHTER, S. and KABALIN, R., 2011. Moral judgments in social dilemmas: how bad is free riding? Journal of Public Economics. 95(3-4), 253-264
• GÄCHTER, S. and HERRMANN, B., 2011. The limits of self-governance when cooperators get punished: experimental evidence from urban and rural Russia European Economic Review. 55(2), 193-210
• DUFWENBERG, M., GÄCHTER, S. and HENNIG-SCHMIDT, H., 2011. The framing of games and the psychology of play Games and Economic Behavior. 73(2), 459-478
• GAECHTER , SIMON and THOENI, CHRISTIAN, 2011. Micromotives, Microstructure and Macrobehavior: The Case of Voluntary Cooperation Journal of Mathematical Sociology. 35(1), 26-65
• GAECHTER, S, NOSENZO, D, RENNER, E. and SEFTON, M., 2010. Sequential versus simultaneous contributions to public goods: Experimental evidence Journal of Public Economics. 94, 515-522
• GÄCHTER, S. and THÖNI, C., 2010. Social comparison and performance: experimental evidence on the fair wage-effort hypothesis Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. 76(3), 531-543
• CROSON, RACHEL and GAECHTER, SIMON, 2010. The Science of Experimental Economics Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 73(1), 122-131
• GAECHTER, SIMON, 2010. (Dis)advantages of student subjects: What is your research question?" Comment on Henrich et al. The Weirdest People in the World Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 33(2-3), 92-93
• GAECHTER. SIMON, HERRMANN, BENEDIKT and THOENI, CHRISTIAN, 2010. Culture and Cooperation Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B – Biological Sciences. 365(1553), 2651-2661
• GAECHTER, SIMON and RENNER, ELKE, 2010. The effects of (incentivized) belief elicitation in public good experiments Experimental Economics. 13(3), 364-377
• FISCHBACHER, U. and GAECHTER, S., 2010. Social preferences, beliefs, and the dynamics of free riding in public good experiments American Economic Review. 100(1), 541-556
• GAECHTER, SIMON, HAEFLIGER , STEFAN and GEORG VON KROGH, 2010. Initiating private-collective innovation: the fragility of knowledge sharing Research Policy. 39(7), 893-906
• GÄCHTER, S., ORZEN, H., RENNER, E. and STARMER, C., 2009. Are experimental economists prone to framing effects?: a natural field experiment Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. 70(3), 443-446
• GAECHTER, SIMON, 2009. Vorwort des Gastherausgebers: Experimentelle Ökonomie: Neue Wege, neue Erkenntnisse? Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik. 10, 1-13
• GAECHTER, SIMON and HERRMANN, BENEDIKT, 2009. Reciprocity, culture, and human cooperation: Previous insights and a new cross-cultural experiment Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences. 364, 791-806
• GAECHTER, SIMON and KOENIGSTEIN, MANFRED, 2009. Design a Contract! A Simple Principal-Agent Problem as a Classroom Experiment Journal of Economic Education. 40(2), 173-187
• GÄCHTER, S., RENNER, E. and SEFTON, M., 2008. The long-run benefits of punishment Science. 322(5907), 1510
• HERRMANN, B., THÖNI, C. and GÄCHTER, S., 2008. Antisocial punishment across societies Science. 319(5868), 1362-1367
• GAECHTER, SIMON and RIEDL, ARNO, 2006. Dividing Justly in Bargaining Problems with Claims: Normative Judgments and Actual Negotiations Social Choice and Welfare. 27(3), 571-594
• GÄCHTER, S. and THÖNI, C., 2005. Social learning and voluntary cooperation among like-minded people Journal of the European Economic Association. 3(2-3), 303-314
• GAECHTER, SIMON, HERRMANN, BENEDIKT and THOENI, CHRISTIAN., 2005. Cross-cultural differences in norm enforcement Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 28(6), 822
• GÄCHTER, S. and RIEDL, A., 2005. Moral property rights in bargaining with infeasible claims Management Science. 51(2), 249-263
• GÄCHTER, S., HERRMANN, B. and THÖNI, C., 2004. Trust, voluntary cooperation, and, socio-economic background: survey and experimental evidence Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 55(4), 505-531
• FEHR, E. and GÄCHTER, S., 2002. Altruistic punishment in humans Nature. 415(6868), 137-140
• FALK, ARMIN and GAECHTER, SIMON, 2002. Reputation and Reciprocity: Consequences for the Labour Relation Scandinavian Journal of Economics. 104, 1-27
• ANDERHUB, VITAL., KOENIGSTEIN, MANFRED and GAECHTER, SIMON, 2002. Efficient Contracting and Fair Sharing in a Principal-Agent Experiment Experimental Economics. 5, 5-25
• FEHR, ERNST, FISCHBACHER, URS and GAECHTER, SIMON, 2002. Strong reciprocity, human cooperation, and the enforcement of social norms Human Nature. 13, 1-25
• FEHR, E., FISCHBACHER, U. and GÄCHTER, S., 2001. Are people conditionally cooperative?: evidence from a public goods experiment Economics Letters. 71(3), 397-404
• FALKINGER, JOSEF, FEHR, ERNST, GAECHTER, SIMON and WINTER-EBMER, RUDOLF, 2000. A simple mechanism for the efficient provision of public goods - Experimental evidence American Economic Review. 90, 247-264
• FEHR, ERNST and GAECHTER, SIMON, 2000. Cooperation and Punishment in Public Goods Experiments American Economic Review. 90, 341-369
• FEHR, ERNST and GAECHTER, SIMON, 2000. Fairness and Retaliation: The Economics of Reciprocity Journal of Economic Perspectives. 14, 159-181
• FEHR, ERNST and GAECHTER, SIMON, 1999. Collective Action as a Social Exchange Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 39, 341-369
• FALK, ARMIN, GAECHTER, SIMON and KOVACS, JUDIT, 1999. Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Incentives in a Repeated Game with Incomplete Contracts Journal of Economic Psychology. 251-284
• FEHR, ERNST and GAECHTER, SIMON, 1998. Reciprocity and Economics. The Economic Implications of Homo Reciprocan European Economic Review. 42, 845-859
• FEHR, ERNST, KIRCHLER, ERICH, WEICHBOLD, ANDREAS and GAECHTER, SIMON, 1998. When Social Norms Overpower Competition - Gift Exchange in Experimental Labor Markets Journal of Labor Economics. 16, 324-351
• FEHR, ERNST, GAECHTER, SIMON and KIRCHSTEIGER, GEORG, 1997. Reciprocity as a Contract Enforcement Device: Experimental Evidence Econometrica. 65(4), 833-860
• FEHR, ERNST, GAECHTER, SIMON and KIRCHSTEIGER, GEORG, 1996. Reciprocal Fairness and Noncompensating Wage Differentials Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics. 152(4), 608-640