11. Resources

Glossary

Term	Definition
Heart rate	Heart rate is measured by the number of times the heart beats each minute. Be aware that the normal range alters throughout the life-span, so infants and children typically have a faster heart rate than the adult.
Intercostal recession	This is one of the signs of respiratory distress typically seen in the young child/baby. This is created when the respiratory muscles between the ribs are not strong enough to hold the chest cavity open during inspiration. Clinically, you will see the outline of the ribs as the child breathes in.
Non-rebreathing mask	A type of mask that allows for the delivery of higher concentrations of oxygen to the patient. The mask is connected to a ‘reservoir’ bag which stores oxygen filled by the connected oxygen supply. When the patient breathes in, the breath takes the oxygen from this reservoir. One-way valves in the mask, allow expiration to occur, but do not allow air to be breathed in on inspiration.
PEWS	Paediatric Early Warning Score. Vital signs are recorded on a chart. Where observations are not within normal limits, the degree to which the value is outside of the normal range is given a score. These scores are added together. The total score identifies how to respond either by decreasing the time to the next vital signs being recorded, and/or escalation of the patient’s condition. This ensures the patient who is starting to deteriorate is assessed more fully, and treatment can be started earlier.
Resp. rate	The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. Be aware that the normal range alters throughout the life-span, so infants and children typically have a faster respiratory rate than the adult.
Salbutamol	Medication that relaxes the smooth muscles in the airways opening up the medium and large airways in the lungs.
SBAR	Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation. This framework provides a concise way to standardise the handover of a patient whose care needs to be escalated urgently to senior staff/medical colleagues. It ensures the key issues are highlighted in the handover and identifies the expected response.
Subcostal recession	A clinical sign of serious respiratory distress indicated when the abdomen pulls upwards under in beneath the base of the ribcage. This is created when the diaphragm and respiratory/abdominal muscles below the ribs are not strong enough to hold the chest cavity open during inspiration. Clinically, you will see the outline of the ribs as typically, the child breathes in. This is one of the signs of respiratory distress typically seen in the young child/baby.
Tachycardic	A medical term for a rapid heart rate over the normal range for the age of the patient.
RLO	Reusable Learning Object

Resources

Resource Title
Improving patient safety: SBAR

Learning outcomes

By completing this resource you will be able to:

• Describe the process of handover and why it is used
• Outline the types of activities that happen within the handover process and what your involvement is likely to be as student
• Discuss how communication within the handover setting can be safe and effective

This resource was developed by:

Author: Rachel Dakin.

Project developers: Simon Riley, Richard Windle, Julia Carson Little, Mike Taylor, Verity Wilson, Gill Langmack, Amy Robinson, Megan Kearney.

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