Publications

BOZHKO, S., YANG, T., LE PEUVEDIC, J., ARUMUGAM, P., DEGANO, M., LA ROCCA, A., XU, Z., RASHED, M., FERNANDO, W., HILL, C. I., EASTWICK, C., PICKERING, S., GERADA, C. and WHEELER, P., 2018. Development of Aircraft Electric Starter-Generator System Based-On Active Rectification Technology: IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification.

PFAU, S. A., LA ROCCA, A., HAFFNER-STATON, E., RANCE, G. A., FAY, M. W., BROUGH, R. J. and MALIZIA, S., 2018. Comparative nanostructure analysis of gasoline turbocharged direct injection and diesel soot-in-oil with carbon black: Carbon Carbon. 139, 342-352

PFAU, S. A., LA ROCCA, A., HAFFNER-STATON, E., RANCE, G. A., FAY, M. W., BROUGH, R. J. and MALIZIA, S., 2018. Comparative nanostructure analysis of gasoline turbocharged direct injection and diesel soot-in-oil with carbon black: Carbon Carbon. 139, 342-352

KARVOUNTZIS-KONTAKIOTIS, A., VAFAMEHR, H., CAIRNS, A. and PECKHAM, M., 2018. Study on pollutants formation under knocking combustion conditions using an optical single cylinder SI research engine: Energy Energy. 158, 899-910

NWOVU, S. O., CAIRNS, A. and VAFAMEHR, H., 2018. Effects of direct injection di on knocking combustion in spark ignition SI engine operated on 75-ron and ethanol fuels

A Bech, P J Shayler, M McGhee,’ The Effects of Cylinder Deactivation on the Thermal Behaviour of a Three Cylinder Spark Ignition Engine‘ SAE Paper 2016-01-2160, SAE 2016 International Powertrain, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting, Baltimore, October 2016. Also SAE Int. J. Engines 9(4):2016, doi:10.4271/2016-01-2160

G Di Liberto, A La Rocca, P J Shayler ,’Computational analysis of the influence of exhaust gas recirculation on the rate of soot transfer to lubricating engine oil’  FISITA Technical Paper F2016-ESYG-020, 36^th FISITA World Congress, Busan, S Korea, September 2016

M McGhee, A Bech, P J Shayler,’ Operation of cylinder deactivation of a 1.4l SI engine under real world driving conditions’ FISITA Technical Paper F2016-ESYA-012, 36^th FISITA World Congress, Busan, S Korea, September 2016

 P Shayler, ‘Improving the efficiency of automotive internal combustion engines for operation in the real world’, Invited Plenary Speaker, IHTS and HPC Conference, Nottingham, June 2016  

Q Li, P J Shayler, M McGhee, A La Rocca, ’The initiation and development of combustion under cold idling conditions using a glow plug in diesel engines’ Int J of Engine Research, published on line before print, June 10, 2016, doi: 10.1177/1468087416652266

PJ Shayler, L Cheng, Q Li, E Wahab, ’A modified oil lubrication system with flow control to reduce crankshaft bearing friction in a 1.5 litre 4 cylinder diesel engine’, SAE Paper 2016-01-1045, SAE Congress, Detroit, April 2016

A H Hegab, A La Rocca, P J Shayler, ‘Towards keeping diesel fuel supply and demand in balance: Dual-fuelling of diesel engines with natural gas’, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016 (accepted for publication, RSER-D-16-00229)

ORHAN, O., HAFFNER-STATON, E., LA ROCCA, A. and FAY, M., 2016. Characterisation of flame-generated soot and soot-in-oil using electron tomography volume reconstructions and comparison with traditional 2D-TEM measurements: Tribology International Tribology International. 104, 272-284

Bonatesta F, Hopkins E, Francavilla C, Bell D, La Rocca A (2016). Combustion And Particulate Matter Formation In Modern GDI Engines: A Modelling Study Using CFD. In: FISITA World Automotive Congress . 2016-ESYG-018, Busan, Korea, 26-30 September

Di Liberto G, La Rocca A, Shayler P (2016). Computational Analysis Of The Influence of Exhaust Gas Recirculation On the Rate Of Soot Transfer To Lubricating Engine Oil. In: FISITA World Automotive Congress . F2016-ESYG-020, Busan, Korea, 26-30 September

E HAFFNER-STATON, O ORHAN, A LA ROCCA and M FAY, 2016. Uncertainties in the Traditional 2D-TEM Characterization of Carbon Nanoparticles In: 20th ETH-Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles.

LA ROCCA, A., CAMPBELL, J., FAY, M. W. and ORHAN, O., 2016. Soot-in-Oil 3D Volume Reconstruction Through the Use of Electron Tomography: An Introductory Study TRIBOLOGY LETTERS. 61(1),  

P Shayler, invited article on ‘The effects of early inlet valve closing and cylinder disablement on fuel economy and emissions of a direct injection diesel engine’ Renewable Energy Global Innovations {ISSN 2291-2460}, Key Scientific Articles, https://reginnovations.org/key-scientific-articles/the-effects-of-early-inlet-valve-closing-and-cylinder-disablement-on-fuel-economy-and-emissions-of-a-direct-injection-diesel-engine/ April 2015

A Agurto-Goya, S Chiwanga, P J Shayler ‘Modelling and optimization of thermoelectric generator systems for automobiles’ IMechE Int. Conf VTMS12, Nottingham, May 2015 

J P Zammit, M McGhee, P J Shayler, T Law, I Pegg, ‘The Effects of Early Inlet Valve Closing and Cylinder Disablement on Fuel Economy and Emissions of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine’  Energy (2015), pp. 100-110 DOI information: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.10.065 (Selected as Key Scientific Article by Renewable Energy Global Innovations)

La Rocca, A., J Cambell and Fay, M.W., 2015. Electron tomography of carbon generated nanoparticles. In: 19th ETH-Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles. ETH Zentrum, Zürich, Switzerland

Muhammad Ahmar Zuber, Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood, Zambri Harun, Zulkhairi Zainol Abidin Antonino La Rocca, Paul Shayler Fabrizio Bonatesta, Modeling of in-cylinder soot particle size evolution and distribution in a diesel engine.  SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-1075

La Rocca, A., F. Bonatesta_, M. Fay, F. Campanella. Characterisation of Soot in oil from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine. Tribology Internationa, 86,  77-84

Asango, A., La Rocca, A., and Shayler, P., Investigating the Effect of Carbon Nanoparticles on the Viscosity of Lubricant Oil from Light Duty Automotive Diesel Engines. SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1481, 2014, 

La Rocca, MacMillan, Shayler, P.J., D., A., Murphy, M., Pegg, I.CFD Influence of In-cylinder Mixture Distribution from Multiple Pilot Injections on Cold Idle Behaviour of a Light Duty Diesel Engine. SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-2708, 2014

P Shayler ‘Progress and Challenges on the Path to Low Carbon Vehicles’ By invitation, Distinguished Panelist: Emerging Powertrain and Emission System Technologies for Future Green Energy Opportunities and Greenhouse Emission Reduction, SAE 2014 International Powertrain, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting, Birmingham, October 2014

La Rocca, A., Di Liberto, G., Shayler, P., Parmenter, C. et al., A Novel Diagnostics Tool for Measuring Soot Agglomerates Size Distribution in Used Automotive Lubricant Oils, SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 7(1):301-306, doi:10.4271/2014-01-1479

A. La Rocca, D. J. MacMillan, P J Shayler, M Murphy, I Pegg ‘CFD Influence of In-cylinder Mixture Distribution from Multiple Pilot Injections on Cold Idle Behaviour of a Light Duty Diesel Engine’, SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-2708, SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, Birmingham, UK 2014

Achombili Asango, Antonino La Rocca, Paul Shayler, ‘Investigating the Effect of Carbon Nanoparticles on the Viscosity of Lubricant Oil from Light Duty Automotive Diesel Engines’, SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1481, SAE World Congress, Detroit 2014.

Antonino La Rocca, Gianluca Di Liberto, Paul Shayler, Christopher Parmenter, Mike Fay, ‘A Novel Diagnostics Tool for Measuring Soot Agglomerates Size Distribution in Used Automotive Lubricant Oils’, SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1479, World Congress, Detroit 2014, and SAE Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, April 2014   

D MacMillan, T Law, P J Shayler, I Pegg, ‘The Influence of a Crankshaft Offset on Piston Position, Indicated Specific Fuel Economy and Emissions of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine’, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering Volume 228 Issue 5, pp 500-509,April 2014

Wei Jet Thoo, Arman Kevric, Hoon Kiat Ng, Suyin Gan, Paul Shayler, Antonino La Rocca, Characterisation of ignition delay period for a compression ignition engine operating on blended mixtures of diesel and gasoline, Applied Thermal Engineering, Available online 6 February 2014, ISSN 1359-4311

J-P Zammit, M McGhee, P J Shayler, I Pegg, ‘The influence of cylinder deactivation on emissions and fuel economy of a 4 cylinder direct injection diesel engine’ doi: 10.1177/0954407013506182 Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering Volume 228 Issue 2, pp 206-217, February 2014

A La Rocca, G. Di Liberto, P.J. Shayler, C.D.J.Parmenter, MW. Fay, ‘Application of nanoparticle tracking analysis platform for the measurement of soot-in-oil agglomerates from automotive engines’ Tribology International 70 (2014) 142-14

Fay, M.W.,  La Rocca, A., and Campanella, F., 2014. Preparation of soot-in-oil samples from gasoline direct injection engines for HRTEM analysis In: MMC2014 - Microscience Microscopy Conference, Manchester Central Convention Complex, UK

La Rocca, A., Bonatesta, F.,  Campanella, F., and Fay, M.W.,  2014. Nanoparticle characteristics of exhaust and soot-in-oil from gasoline direct injection automotive engines In: 18th ETH-Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles,. ETH Zentrum, Zürich, Switzerland

Bonatesta, F.,  La Rocca, A., and Chiappetta, E., 2014. Exploring the correlation between soot number density and combustion duration in a GDI engine at part-load conditions In: 18th ETH-Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles. ETH Zentrum, Zürich, Switzerland

F. Bonatesta, E. Chiappetta, A. La Rocca, Part-load particulate matter from a GDI engine and the connection with combustion characteristics. Applied Energy, 124, 1, 366-376

M W Fay, A La Rocca and P J Shayler, TEM and HRTEM of Soot-in-oil particles and agglomerates from internal combustion engines  J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 522 012072 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/522/1/012072

La Rocca, A., Di Liberto, G., Shayler, P.J. and Fay, M.W., 2013. The nanostructure of soot-in-oil particles and agglomerates from an automotive diesel engine Tribology International. 61(May), 80-87

La Rocca, A., PJ Shayler and MW Fay, 2013. Nanoparticle characteristics of exhaust and soot-in-oil from a light duty diesel engine In: 17th ETH-Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles. ETH Zentrum, Zürich, Switzerland

La Rocca, A., PJ Shayler G Di Liberto, M Fay and C Parmenter, 2012. Nanostructure Diagnostics for Soot-in-oil Agglomerates from Automotive Engines In: UnICEG, London.

La Rocca, A., D.J MacMillan and P.J. Shayler, 2012. Multiple pilot injection spray evolutions emerging from a multi-holes HPCR injector. In: Proceedings of 2012 International Conference on Advanced Vehicle Technologies (VTI 2012). Integration China Machine Press.

JP Zammit, R Gardiner, PJ Shayler, I Pegg ‘Investigating the potential to reduce crankshaft main bearing friction during engine warm-up by raising oil feed temperature’ SAE Paper 2012-01-1216, SAE World Congress, Detroit, 2012.

MJ McGhee, PJ Shayler, A La Rocca, M Murphy, I Pegg, ‘The influence of injection strategy and glow plug temperature on cycle by cycle stability under cold idling conditions for a low compression ratio, HPCR diesel engine’ SAE Paper 2012-01-1071, SAE World Congress, Detroit, 2012.

T Law, D Macmillan, G Kirk, PJ Shayler, I Pegg, R Stark, ‘A new “floating-liner” test rig design to investigate factors influencing piston-liner friction’ SAE Paper 2012-01-1328, SAE World Congress, Detroit, 2012.

D Luff, T Law, PJ Shayler, IPegg ‘The effect of piston cooling jets on diesel engine piston temperatures, emissions and fuel consumption’ SAE Paper 2012-01-1212, SAE World Congress, Detroit, 2012.

D MacMillan, T Law, PJ Shayler, I Pegg ‘The influence of compression ratio on indicated emissions and fuel economy responses to input variables for a d.i. diesel engine combustion system’ SAE Paper 2012-01-0697, SAE World Congress, Detroit, 2012.

W.M.F Wan Mahmood, A. La Rocca, P.J Shayler, F. Bonatesta, ’Predicted paths of soot particles in the cylinders of a DI diesel engine’ SAE Paper 2012-01-0148, SAE World Congress, Detroit, 2012.

MJ McGhee, PJ Shayler, A La Rocca, M Murphy, I Pegg ‘Investigations of injection strategies for stable cold idling of an HPCR diesel engine with a compression ratio of 15.5:1’ IMechE Conference C1342 Fuel Systems for IC Engines, London, 2012

J-P Zammit, P J Shayler, I Pegg, ’Modelling engine thermal behaviour using PROMETS’ (pp only) UnICEG Meeting, 2011

Edward Bent, P J Shayler, A La Rocca, C Rouaud ’Investigation of temperature fields during stop-start operation of a spark ignition engine and the effect on engine behaviour after a restart’ IMechE/SAE Proceedings of VTMS 10, paper C1305-049, Gaydon, 2011

Jean-Paul Zammit, P J Shayler, I Pegg, ‘Thermal coupling and energy flows between coolant, engine structure and lubricating oil during engine warm up’ IMechE/SAE Proceedings of VTMS 10, paper C1305-053, Gaydon, 2011

P Janowski, P J Shayler, S Robinson, M Goodman ‘The effectiveness of heating parts of the powertrain to improve vehicle fuel economy during warm up’ IMechE/SAE Proceedings of VTMS 10, paper C1305-054, Gaydon, 2011

PJ Shayler ’Efficiency, low carbon and the automotive mainstream’ (pp only), 3rd Midlands Energy Consortium Conference, Birmingham, 2010

D MacMillan, A La Rocca, P J Shayler, M Murphy, I Pegg, T Morris, ‘Comparison of indicated work output, idle stability and heat release characteristics of a DI diesel engine operating cold at two compression ratios’. Proc. IMechE Vol. 224, no 9, pp 799-813, Part D: J. Automobile Engineering, 2010

F Bonatesta, B Waters, P J Shayler, ‘Burn angles and form factors for Wiebe function fits to mass-fraction-burned curves of a spark ignition engine with variable valve timing’, Int. J. of Engine Res., Vol. 11, no 2, pp177-186, 2010

D MacMillan, A La Rocca, P J Shayler, M Murphy, I Pegg, T Morris, ‘Effect of compression ratio on combustion stability and performance of a DI diesel engine under cold conditions’ IMechE paper C684/034, Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Internal Combustion Engines: Performance, Fuel Economy and Emissions, London, December 2009. ISBN 9781843346074, pp79-88, 2009

B Keeler, P J Shayler ‘The Application of PCCI Strategies to a Current-Generation HPCR Diesel’ (pp only) UnICEG technical presentation, Birmingham, 2009

P J Shayler, ‘Unit 4, Thermodynamics’, in An Introduction to Mechanical Engineering: Part 1, Ed. M Clifford, Pub Hodder Education, ISBN 9780340939956, pp213-281, 2009

D MacMillan, A La Rocca, P J Shayler, T Morris, M Murphy, I Pegg, ‘Investigating the Effects of Multiple Pilot Injections on Stability at Cold Idle for a DI Diesel Engine, SAE Paper 2009-01-0612, SAE World Congress, Detroit, 2009; Also SAE Int. J. Engines 2(1): 370-380,2009.

W M F Wan Mohammed, F Bonatesta, A La Rocca, P J Shayler, ‘CFD Studies of In-Cylinder Soot Particle Trajectories in a DI Diesel Engine’ Proc. Int. Conf. on Environment (ICENV), Penang, Malaysia, 15-18 December, 2008

F. Bonatesta, P J Shayler, ‘Factors Influencing the Burn Rate Characteristics of a Spark Ignition Engine with Variable Valve Timing’ Proc. IMechE Vol.222 Part D: J. Automobile Engineering, pp 2147-2158, 2008

P. J. Shayler, D.K.W. Leong, I.G. Pegg and M. Murphy, ‘Investigations of Piston Ring Pack and Skirt Contributions to Motored Engine Friction’, SAE Paper 2008-01-1046, SAE World Congress, Detroit, 2008; Also SAE Int. J. Engines 1(1):794-803, 2008

B. Keeler and P. J. Shayler, ‘Constraints on Fuel Injection and EGR Strategies for Diesel PCCI-Type Combustion’, SAE Paper 2008-01-1327, SAE World Congress, Detroit, 2008

D. MacMillan, A. La Rocca, P.J. Shayler, M. Murphy and I.G. Pegg, ‘The Effect of Reducing Compression Ratio on the Work Output and Heat Release Characteristics of a DI Diesel under Cold Start Conditions’, SAE Paper 2008-01-1306, SAE World Congress, Detroit, 2008; Also SAE Int. J. Engines 1(1):723 -734, 2008

Brown N, Gupta V, La Rocca A, Shayler P J, Murphy M, Pegg I, Watts M, ‘ Investigations of Fuel Injection Strategy for Cold Starting D.I. Diesel Engines’, Proc. IMechE, Part D: J Automotive Engineering , vol.221, 11, pp1415-1424, 2007

Shayler P J, Allen A, Leong D K W, Pegg I, Brown A, Dumenil J-C, ’Characterizing Lubricating Oil Viscosity to Describe Effects on Engine Friction’, JSAE Paper No 20077202/ SAE Paper No 2007-01-1984, JSAE Int. Conf. Fuels and Lubricants, Kyoto, July 2007

Shayler P J, Alger L, ‘A Simple System for sampling Cylinder Gases and its Application To Measure Dilution by Residuals on an S.I. Engine with VVT’, Transactions of JSAE, Vol. 38, No 4, 59-63, 2007 (JSAE Paper 20065409, previously presented at JSAE Annual Congress, Yokohama 2006)

Law T, Shayler P J, Pegg I, ‘Investigations of Sump Design to Improve the Thermal Management of Oil Temperature During Engine Warm-up’, IMechE Paper 640/044/2007,Proc. SAE/IMechE Int. Conf VTMS8, Nottingham, May 2007

Dris A, Farid M, Caine J, Helle-Lorentzen R, Rose D, Shayler P J, ‘Engine Warm-up Modelling for Real Time Simulation’, IMechE Paper C640/007/2007,Proc. of SAE/IMechE Int. Conf VTMS8, Nottingham, May 2007

Shayler P J, ’Carbon Based Traditional Fuels’, Lead contribution for Royal Society of Chemistry Workshop on Fuelling the Future: Transport 2020, May 2007 (PP Slides only)

Leong D K W, Shayler P J, Pegg I, Murphy M,’ Characterizing the Effect of Viscosity on Friction in the Piston Assembly of Internal Combustion Engines’, Proc. IMechE Part J: J. Engineering Tribology, 221(J4), 469-478, 2007

Allen A, Leong D W, Shayler P J, Pegg I, Bell I, Brown A, Dumenil J-C, ’The Comparison of Lubricating Oil Formulations Through Motored Friction Tests on Engines’, Royal Society of Chemistry Int. Conf on Additives2007, London, April 2007 ( Abstract and PP Slides only).

Bonatesta F, La Rocca A, Shayler P J, Wahab E,’ The Influence of Swirl ratio on Soot Quantity and Distribution in the Cylinder of a Diesel Engine’, UnICEG Technical Presentation, UnICEG Meeting, Castle Bromwich, April 2007 (PP Slides only)

Bonatesta F, La Rocca A, Shayler P J, Wahab E, ‘ The Influence of Swirl Ratio on Soot Quantity and Distribution in the Cylinder of a Diesel Engine’, Paper No 22-16, Proc. European Combustion Meeting, ECM 2007, Crete, April 2007

Shayler P J, Alger L, ‘Experimental Investigations of Intake and Exhaust Valve Timing Effects on Charge Dilution by Residuals, Fuel Consumption and Emissions at Part Load’, SAE Paper No 2007-01-0478, also in SI Combustion 2007, SP-2127, 2007.

Shayler P J, Alger L, "A Simple System for Sampling Cylinder Gases and its Application to Measure Dilution by Residuals on an S.I. Engine with VVT", JSAE Paper 20065409, JSAE Annual Congress, Yokohama, 2006.

Ng, H K, Shayler P J, "CFD Investigation of the Effects of Split Main Fuel Injection Parameters on Combustion and Emissions in a Light-Duty Diesel Engine", Paper AM22 Proceedings of the Regional Conference on Vehicle Engineering and Technology: Towards a Competitive Vehicle Development for Regional Market, PWTC Kuala Lumpur, 2006.

Ng H K, Shayler P J, Willcock M, "Investigations of Pollutant Formation and Emissions from HPCR Diesel Engines", Paper F2006P341, FISITA World Automotive Congress, Yokohama, 2006.

Shayler P J, Allen A L, Roberts A L, 'Running Real-Time Engine Model Simulation with Hardware-in-the-Loop for Diesel Engine Development', SAE Paper No 2005-01-0056, also in Electronic Engine Controls 2005 (SP-1975), ISBN 0-7680-1620-7.

Shayler P J, Brooks, T D, Pugh G J, Gambrill R, 'The Influence of Pilot and Split-Main Injection parameters on Diesel Emissions and Fuel Consumption', SAE Paper No 2005-01-0375, also in In-Cylinder Diesel Particulate and NOx Control 2005 (SP-1976), ISBN 0-7680-1621-5.

Shayler P J, Leong D K W, Murphy M, 'Contributions to Engine Friction During Cold, Low Speed Running and the Dependence on Oil Viscosity', SAE Paper No 2005-01-1654, SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines 2005.

Shayler P J, Baylis S W, Murphy M, 'Main Bearing Friction and Thermal Interaction During the Early Seconds of Cold Engine Operation', ASME Journal Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol 127, No 1, pp197-206, 2005.

Shayler P J, Allen A L, Roberts A L, "Running Real-Time Engine Model Simulation with Hardware-in-the-Loop for Diesel Engine Development", SAE Paper No 2005-01-0056, also in Electronic Engine Controls (SP-1975), ISBN 0-7680-1620-7, 2005.

Shayler P J, Brooks, T D, Pugh G J, Gambrill R, "The Influence of Pilot and Split-Main Injection parameters on Diesel Emissions and Fuel Consumption", SAE Paper No 2005-01-0375, also in In-Cylinder Diesel Particulate and NOx Control (SP-1976), ISBN 0-7680-1621-5, 2005.

Shayler P J, Leong D K W, Murphy M, "Contributions to Engine Friction During Cold, Low Speed Running and the Dependence on Oil Viscosity", SAE Paper No 2005-01-1654, SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines, Section 3, Vol 114, pp1191-1201,2005.

Shayler P J, Baylis S W, Murphy M, "Main Bearing Friction and Thermal Interaction During the Early Seconds of Cold Engine Operation", ASME Journal Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol 127, No 1, pp197-206, 2005.

Ng H K, Shayler P J, 'The Installation of Kiva-3v CFD Code on PCs and Performance Benchmarking for the Simulation of Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines', Journal of the Energy Institution, December 2004, 77, pp 90-96.

Allen A J, Shayler P J, Roberts A L, 'Integrating the Real Time Simulation of Diesel Engine Behaviour and Hardware-in-the Loop Technology to Aid ECU/EMS Development', Proc of IMechE Conf C622, Internal Combustion Engine Performance and Emissions, London, 2005.

Brooks T D, Pugh G J, Gambrill R, Shayler P J, 'Investigating the Effects of Split Main Fuel Injection Parameters on NOx, Soot, HC and CO Emissions from a Light Duty Diesel Engine', Proc of IMechE Conf C622, Internal Combustion Engine Performance and Emissions, London, 2005.

Gupta V, Shayler P J, 'Aftertreatment Systems Modelling and Control for EURO IV', UnICEG Presentation, University of Nottingham, September 2004.

Shayler P J, 'Developing Robust Designs of Vehicle Using Performance Simulation and Design-of-Experiments Methodologies', Paper F2004F042 FISITA World Automotive Congress, Barcelona, 2004.

Shayler P J, Lai W, Brown N, Harbor N, 'Limits on Charge Dilution, Fuel and Air Proportions for Stable Combustion in Spark Ignition Engines', SAE Paper No 2004-01-4533, SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines 2004.

Shayler P J, Ng H K, 'Simulation Studies of the Effect of Fuel Injection Pattern on NO and Soot Formation in Diesel Engines', SAE Paper No 2004-01-0116, also in SAE Special Publication SP-1823.

Cheng K Y, Shayler P J, Murphy M, 'The Influence of Blowby on Indicated Work Output Under Cold Start Conditions', Proc IMechE, Part D, J Automobile Engineering, V218, pp 333-340, 2004.

Shayler P J, 'Exploiting the Simulation and Design-of-Experiments Methods in the Assessment of Performance Robustness', Proc of SIA Conference on Robust Engineering, R-2003-10, Renault Technocentre, Guyancourt, 2003.

Shayler P J, Leong D K W, Murphy M, 'Friction Teardown Data from Motored Engine Tests in Light Duty Automotive Diesel Engines at Low Temperatures and Speeds', ASME Paper ICEF2003-0745, ICE-Vol 40, ISBN 0-7918-4161-8, ASME Fall Technical Conference, Erie, 2003.

Shayler P J, Baylis W S B, Murphy M, 'Main Bearing Friction and Thermal Interaction During the Early Seconds of Cold Engine Operation'. ASME Paper No ICEF 2002-528, ICE-Vol 39, ISBN No 0-7918-4662-8, 2002 Fall Technical Conference, New Orleans, ASME 2002.

Shayler P J, Dow P I, Davies M T, 'A Model and Methodology Used to Assess the Robustness of Vehicle Emissions and Fuel Economy Characteristics', IMechE Paper C606/013/2002, in IMechE Transactions of Int Conf on Statistics and Analytical Methods in Automotive Engineering (ISBN No 1-8605-8387-3), London 2002.

Shayler P J 'Exploiting Integrated Systems Modelling in Engine and Vehicle Development' in IMechE Seminar S876 on Vehicle Time Compression from Concept to Customer, London 2002.

Davies S, Dow P, Davies M, Durrant A, 'Desktop Calibration and Feature Development of Production ECU Code', in IMechE Transactions of Int Conf on Total Vehicle Technology, Sussex, ISBN No 1-8605-8377-6, pp 187-202, 2002.

Shayler P J, Horn G, Jones S T, D Eade, 'The Structure and Rapid Prototyping of a Controller for DISI Engines', in IMechE Transactions of Int Conf on Total Vehicle Technology, Sussex, ISBN No 1-8605-8377-6, pp 203-218, 2002.

Shayler P J, Horn G, Jones S T, 'The Assessment of Gasoline Engine Technology and Feature Combinations through Stimulations of Drive Cycle Performance', in IMechE Transactions of Int Conf on Total Vehicle Technology, Sussex, ISBN No 1-8605-8377-6, pp 219-232, 2002.

Shayler P J, Burrows J A, Tindle C R, Murphy M, 'Engine Friction Characteristics Under Cold Start Conditions', ASME Paper No 2001-ICE-432, ICE-Vol 37-3, ISBN No 0-7918-1939-6, 2001 Fall Technical Conference, Argonne, ASME 2001.

Shayler P J, Jones S T, Horn G, Eade D, 'Characterisation of DISI Emissions and Fuel Economy in Homogeneous and Stratified Charge Modes of Operation', SAE Paper No 2001-01-3671. SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines, Vol 110, pp 2426-2434, 2001.

Shayler P J, Jones S T, Horn G, Eade D, 'DISI Engine Spark and Fuel Injection Timings. Effects, Compromise and Robustness', SAE Paper No 2001-01-3672. SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines, Vol 110, pp 2435-2445, 2001.

Winborn L D, Shayler P J, 'Fuel Losses to the Crankcase and HC Return with Recirculated Oil and Ventilation Flow', Proc IMechE, Vol 215, Part D, pp 1117-1130, 2001.

Shayler P J, Winborn L D, Scarisbrick A, 'Fuel Transport to the Crankcase, Oil Dilution and HC Return with Breather Flow During the Cold Operation of a Spark Ignition Engine', SAE Paper 2000-01-1235, SAE Congress 2000, Detroit, 2000. Also SAE Publication SP-1495, 2000. Also SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines, Vol 109, 2000.

Shayler P J, Winborn L D, Hill M J, Eade D, 'The Influence of Gas/Fuel Ratio on Combustion Stability and Misfire Limits of Spark Ignition Engines', SAE Paper 2000-01-1208, SAE Congress 2000, Detroit, 2000. Also SAE Publication SP-1517, 2000.

Shayler P J, Dow P I, Hayden D J, Horn G, 'Using Neural Networks in the Characterisation and Manipulation of Engine Data', in 'Statistics for Engine Optimisation', Ed S P Edwards, D M Grove, H P Wynn; Pub. Professional Engineering Publishing, ISBN 1-8605-8201-X, pp 145-162, 2000.

Shayler P J, Goodman M, Ma T, 'The Exploitation of Neural Networks in Automotive Engine Management Systems', in Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Vol 13, pp 147-157, 2000.

Shayler P J, Winborn L D, Scarisbrick A, 'The Build-Up of Oil dilution by Gasoline and the Influence of Vehicle Usage Pattern', SAE Paper 2000-01-2838, SAE International Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, Baltimore, 2000. Also SAE Publication SP-1562, 2000.

Shayler P J, Luff D, Davies M, 'Evaporative Emissions Systems: Requirements, Performance and Control', in IMechE Conference Proceedings 21st Century Emissions Technology, December 2000.

Shayler P J, Belton C, 'In Cylinder Fuel Behaviour and Exhaust Emissions During the Cold Operation of a Spark Ignition Engine', Proc of IMechE Part D, J of Automobile Engineering, Vol 213, pp 161-174, 1999.

Shayler P J, Chick J P, Darnton N J, Eade D, 'Generic Functions for Fuel Consumption and Engine-Out Emissions of HC, CO and NOx of Spark Ignition Engines', Proc of IMechE Part D, J of Automobile Engineering, Vol 213, pp 365-378, 1999.

Shayler P J, Belton C, Scarisbrick A, 'Emissions and Fuel Utilisation After Cold Starting Spark Ignition Engines' SAE Paper 1999-01-0220, SAE Congress Detroit, 1st-4th March 1999. Also SAE Publication SP-1451, pp ___, ISBN 0-7680-0383-0, 1999. Also SAE Transactions, Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, Vol. 108, 1999.

Shayler P J, Hayden D, Ma T, 'Exhaust System Heat Transfer and Catalytic Convertor Performance', SAE Paper 1999-01-0453, SAE Congress Detroit, 1st-4th March 1999. Also SAE Publication SP-1455, pp ___, ISBN 0-7680-0387-3, 1999. Also SAE Transactions, Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, Vol. 108, 1999.

Shayler P J, Chick, J P, Eade D, 'A Method of Predicting Brake Specific Fuel Consumption Maps', SAE Paper 1999-01-0556, SAE Congress Detroit, 1st-4th March 1999. Also SAE Publication SP-1451, pp ___, ISBN 0-7680-0383-0, 1999.

Shayler P J, Baylis W S, Chick J P, Bell P, 'The Effects of EGR and Turbocharging on Engine Heat Rejection Rates', IMechE Paper C543-60, IMechE/SAE Int Conf, VTMS 4, London, 24th-27th May 1999.

Shayler P J, Baylis W S, Chick J P, Bell P, 'Routes of Improving Heater and Engine Performance During Warm-Up', IMechE Paper C543-61, IMechE/SAE Int Conf, VTMS 4, London, 24th-27th May 1999.

Shayler P J, Horn G, Eade D, 'Fuel Economy Predictions for Spark Ignition Engines with Direct Injection and Port Injection Fuelling Strategies', ATA Paper STA99C402, in Proceedings of Seventh International EAEC Congress - Conference IV, 30th June - 2nd July 1999, Barcelona, Spain, 1999.

Shayler P J, Horn G, Eade D, 'Predictions of Fuel Economy for Types if DISI and MPI Spark Ignition Engine', IMechE Paper C568/026, in IMechE Proceedings of International Conference, 'Integrated Power Train Systems for a Better Environment', 9th-11th November 1999, Birmingham, UK, 1999.

Shayler P J, Tindle C R, Burrows J A, Murphy M, 'Cold Start Behaviour of DI and IDI Diesel Engines at Low Temperature', UniCEG Presentation, Ford Dunton, September 1998.

Shayler P J, Davies M T, Colechin M J F, Scarisbrick A, 'The Effect of Gasoline Blend on Emissions and the Open-loop Control of Mixture Ratio', IMechE Paper S496/003/97, IMechE Seminar Publication S496 'Automotive Fuels for the 21st Century', pp 35-58, ISSN 1357-9193, ISBN 1860581056, London, January 1997.

Shayler P J, 'Heat Transfer to Fuel Deposited in the Intake Port of an S.I. Engine' UniCEG Presentation, MIRA, Nuneaton, Summary (1000 words) April 1997.

Shayler P J, 'Car Engines - A Journey to the Present', Nottingham Society of Engineering, Centenary Lecture Series. Printed Text (3000 words) in Nottingham Society of Engineering Journal, 'Newsline', V5, Issue No 3, August 1997.

Shayler P J, Darnton N J, Ma T, 'Factors Influencing Drive-cycle Emissions and Fuel Consumption', SAE Paper 971603, SAE International Spring Fuels and Lubricants Meeting 5-7th May 1997, Dearborn, Michigan, 1997. Also SAE Publication SP-1275, pp 11-21, ISSN 0148-7191, 1997. Also SAE Transactions, Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, Section 4, Vol 106, pp 440-450, ISBN 0-7680-0299-0, 1997.

Shayler P J, Davies M T, Scarisbrick A, 'Audit of Fuel Utilisation During the Warm-up of S.I. Engines', SAE Paper 971656, SAE International Spring Fuels and Lubricants Meeting 5-7th May 1997, Dearborn, Michigan, 1997. Also SAE Publication SP-1275, pp 187-201, ISSN 0148-7191, 1997. Also SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines, Section 3, Vol 106, pp 1820-1834, ISBN 0-7680-0298-2, 1997.

Shayler P J, Chick J P, Hayden D, Yuen R, Ma T, 'Progress on Modelling Engine Thermal Behaviour for VTMS Applications', SAE Paper 971852, SAE/IMechE International Conference VTMS 3, 19th-22nd May 1997, Indianapolis, 1997. SAE Publication, P-314, pp 679-690, ISBN 0-7680-0030-0, 1997. Also SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines, Section 3, Vol 106, pp 2008-2019, ISBN 0-7680-0298-2, 1997.

Shayler P J, Chick J P, Ma T, 'Correlation of Engine Heat Transfer for Heat Rejection and Warm-up Modelling', SAE Paper 971851, SAE/IMechE International Conference VTMS 3, 19th-22nd May 1997, Indianapolis, 1997. SAE Publication, P-314, pp 669-678, ISBN 0-7680-0030-0, 1997. Also SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines, Section 3, Vol 106, pp 1998-2007, ISBN 0-7680-0298-2, 1997.

Shayler P J, Davies M T, Durrant A, Keogh P, Scarisbrick A, 'Interpreting UEGO Sensor Measurements of Mixture Air/fuel Ratio', ATA Paper 97A2IV35, Pub in Proceedings of Sixth International EAEC Congress - Conference IV Advanced Automotive Electronics, pp 1075-1088, 2nd-4th July 1997, Cernobbio, Italy, 1997.

Shayler P J, Duggleby P, Scarisbrick A, 'Combustion Stability Mapping During Warm-up for Spark Timing and Mixture Ratio Calibrations', ATA Paper 97A21103, Pub in Proceedings of Sixth International EAEC Congress - Conference II Energy Saving and Emissions, pp 269-282, 2nd-4th July 1997, Cernobbio, Italy, 1997.

Shayler P J, Goodman M S, Ma T, 'The Application of Neural Network Techniques to Automotive Spark Ignition Engines', Proceedings of IFAC Symposium: Safeprocess '97, V2, pp 269-282, Pub University of Hull, 26th-28th August 1997, Hull, UK, 1997.

Shayler P J, Davies M T , Scarisbrick A, 'Stored and Lost Fuel Quantities After Engine Start-up', IMechE Paper C524/149/97, IMechE Seminar Publication, 'Automotive Engines and Powertrains' Autotech 97', pp 155-170, ISSN 1357-9193, ISBN 1860581145, November 1997.

Shayler P J, Colechin M J, Scarisbrick A, 'Heat Transfer Measurements in the Intake Port of a Spark Ignition Engine', SAE Paper 960273, SAE Cong., Detroit, February 1996; SAE Pub. SP-1175, 1996. Also SAE Transactions, Journal of Mtls and Man, Section 5, Vol 105, pp 257-267, ISBN 0-7680-0093-3, 1996.

Shayler P J, Chick J P, Ma T, 'Effect of Coolant Mixture Composition on Engine Heat Rejection Rate' SAE Paper 960275, SAE Cong., Detroit, February 1996; SAE Pub. SP-1175, 1996. Also SAE Transactions, Journal of Mtls and Man, Section 5, Vol 105, pp 268-277, ISBN 0-7680-0093-3, 1996

Shayler P J, Goodman M S, Ma T, 'Transient Air/Fuel Ratio Control of an SI Engine Using Neural Networks', SAE Paper 960326, SAE Cong., Detroit, February 1996; SAE Pub. SP-1149, 1996. Also SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines, Section 3, Vol 105, pp 410-420, 1996.

Shayler P J, Colechin M J, Scarisbrick A, 'Fuel Film Evaporation and Heat Transfer in the Intake Port of an SI Engine', SAE Paper 961120, SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, Dearborn, May 1996. Also SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines, Section 3, Vol 105, pp 813-822, 1996.

Shayler P J, Darnton N, Ma T, 'The prediction of Fuel Consumption and Emissions During Engine Warm-Up', IMechE Paper C517/009/96, IMechE 3rd Int Seminar on Worldwide Emission Standards and How to Meet Them, 24-26th June 1996, London, Pub. MEP 1996.

Shayler P J, Goodman M S, Ma T, 'Mixture Ratio Control With Air-Flow Anticipation During Transients Using Neural Networks', Paper No 96AE025, 29th ISATA International Conference on Automotive Electronic Control, 3-6th June 1996, Florence, 1996.

Shayler P J, Colechin M J F, Scarisbrick A, 'Intra-Cycle Resolution of Heat Transfer to Fuel in the Intake Port of an SI Engine', SAE Paper 961995, SAE Int Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, 14-17 October 1996. Also SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines, Section 3, Vol 105, pp 2097-2110, 1996.

Shayler P J, Davies M T, Colechin M J F, Scarisbrick A, 'Intake Port Fuel Transport and Emissions: The Influence of Injector Type and Fuel Composition', SAE Paper 961996, SAE Int Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, 14-17 October 1996.

Stevens S P, Shayler P J, Ma T, 'Experimental Data Processing Techniques to Map the Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine', Proc IMechE, J Automobile Engineering, Vol 209, pp 297-306, 1995.

Stevens S P, Shayler P J, Ma T, 'The Impact of Combustion Phasing on Cycle-by-cycle Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine', SAE Paper 950687, SAE Cong, Detroit, February 1995. Also SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines, Section 3, Vol 104, pp 36-44, 1995.

Shayler P J, Teo Y C, Scarisbrick A, 'Fuel Transport Characteristics of Spark Ignition Engines for Transient Fuel Compensation', SAE Paper 950067, SAE Cong, Detroit, February 1995, SAE Pub, SP-1084, 1995. Also SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines, Section 3, Vol 104, pp 1240-1253, 1995.

Shayler P J, May S A, Ma T, 'Heat Transfer to the Combustion Chamber Wall in Spark Ignition Engines', SAE Paper 950686, SAE Congress, Detroit, February 1995.

Shayler P J, Yuen H C R, Ma T, 'Exhaust Gas Temperature as a Function of Engine Operating Conditions', IMechE Paper C496/021/95, Proc VTMS2 Conference, ISBN 0852989474, pp 21-28, London, May 1995.

Shayler P J, Harb C, Ma T, 'Time Dependent Behaviour of Heat Transfer Coefficients for Exhaust Systems', IMechE Paper C496/046/95, Proc VTMS2 Conference, ISBN 0852989474, pp 195-206, London, May 1995.

Shayler P J, Darnton N, Ma T, 'Predicting the Fuel Consumption of Vehicles During Drive Cycles from Cold Ambient Conditions', Paper No SIA9506A27, 5th Int EAEC Cong on Powertrain and the Environment, Strasbourg, June 1995.

Shayler P J, Tinwell P, Dixon J, Eade D, 'A Development Methodology for Improving the Cold Start Performance of Spark Ignition Engines', SAE Paper No 940084, SECC International Conference, Minnesota, 21-25 February 1994.

Shayler P J, Sage J D, Dixon J, Eade D, 'Computer Aided Evaluation of Cold Start Fuelling Strategy and Calibration Details for Spark Ignition Engines', SAE Paper No 940085, SECC International Conference, Minnesota, 21-25 February 1994. Also SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines, Section 3, Vol 103, pp 8-18, 1994.

Shayler P J, Dixon D, Isaacs R M, 'The Use of Vehicle Drive Cycles to Assess Spark Plug Fouling Performance', SAE Paper No 940101, SECC International Conference, Minnesota, 21-25 February 1994. Also SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines, Section 3, Vol 103, pp 32-40, 1994.

Shayler P J, May S A, Ma T, 'Cycle-by-cycle Transient Analysis of Cylinder Heat Transfer for Spark Ignition Engines', Proc of IMechE Conference 'Transient Performance of Engines', pp 11-18, ISBN 0852989350, London, October 1994.

Shayler P J, May S A, Ma T, 'The Determination of Heat Transfer from the Combustion of SI Engines', Proc VTMS Conference, SAE P-263, 511-520, SAE Paper 931131, 1993.

Shayler P J, Christian S J, Ma T, 'A Model for the Investigation of Temperature, Heat Flow and Friction Characteristics During Engine Warm-up'. Proc VTMS Conference, SAE P-263, 667-676, SAE Paper 931153, 1993. Also SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines, Section 3, Vol 102, pp 1588-1597, 1993

Shayler P J, Tinwell P, Dixon J, Eade D, 'Optimisation of Factors to Reduce Cold-start Emissions Using Taguchi Method', IMechE Int Seminar on Worldwide Emissions Standards and How to Meet Them, MEP, 73-80, 1993.

Shayler, P J, Teo Y C, Scarisbrick A, 'Determining Fuel Transfer Characteristics for Mixture Control During Transient Operations', IMechE Int Seminar on Worldwide Emissions Standards and How to Meet Them, MEP, 81-88, 1993.

Shayler P J, Christian S J, Ma T, 'An Empirical Method for Establishing the Relative Influence of Friction and Cylinder Heat Transfer on Oil Warm-up', Proc IMechE Paper C465-022, 1993.

Shayler P J, Stevens S P, Ma T, 'An Analysis of Intra-cycle and Inter-cycle Correlations Between Combustion Parameters for a Spark Ignition Engine', Proc IMechE Paper C465-021, 1993.

Shayler P J, Dixon J, Isaacs R M, 'The Assessment of Spark Plug Fouling Propensity Through Vehicle Drive Cycle Tests', Proc IMechE Paper C465-024, 1993.

Shayler P J, Bacon A, Moynihan A, 'Application of Neural Networks to Spark Ignition Engine Diagnosis', Paper C462-107, IMechE Autotech 1993, Birmingham, 16-19 November 1993.

Aroussi A, Pickering S J, Shayler P J, Manning A P, Eastwick C N, Stopford P, 'Mathematical Modelling of Pulverised Coal Combustion in Boilers', Proc Anglo-German Combustion Symp 1993, Ed K N C Bray, Pub Combustion Institute.

Shayler P J, Isaacs R M, Ma T H, 'The Variation of In-cylinder Mixture Ratios During Engine Cranking at Low Ambient Temperatures', Proc IMechE, Vol 206, pp 55-62, 1992.

Tinwell P, Shayler P J, 'The Taguchi Cold Start Study', Proc 1992 European Taguchi Methods and QFD Symposium, Pub American Supplier International, Coventry, 20-21 May 1992. (2000 words).

Mason B, Shayler P J, Cumming B, Bowman T, 'Thermal Analysis of a Fibre Reinforced Plastic Engine', IMechE Applications of Materials Technology in Engines, MEP, 51-58, 1992.

Bacon A, Shayler P J, Ma T, 'Potential for Engine Control Using Neural Networks', Proc IMechE International Conference on Combustion in Engines Technology, Applications and the Environment, MEP, 37-45. 1992.

S P Stevens, Shayler P J, Ma T, 'A Basis for the Predictive Control of Cyclic Dispersion in a Spark Ignition Engine', Proc IMechE International Conference on Combustion in Engines Technology, Applications and the Environment, MEP, 175-182, 1992.

Shayler P J, Isaacs R M, Eade D, 'Improved Start Quality from Revised Cold Start Calibration Methods', Proceedings of the 3rd Aachen Colloquium on Automobile and Engine Technology, pp 237-252, Aachen, 15-17 October 1991.

Shayler P J, Sage J D, Dixon J, Eade D, 'A Model to Assist Cold Start Performance Analysis for Spark Ignition Engines', Paper C427/7/188, IMechE Autotech 1991, Birmingham, 12-15 November 1991. (3000 words)

Shayler P J, Wiseman M W, Ma T H, 'Improving the Determination of Mass Fraction Burnt', SAE Paper No 900351, SAE International Congress and Exposition, Detroit February 26-March 3, 1990. (4000 words)

Shayler P J, Marshall W D P, Turner J, Ford K, 'Exhaust Emissions: The Influence of Fuel Injection System Details', IMechE Paper C394/015, IMechE International Conference on Automotive Power System, Chester, 10-12 September 1990. (5000 words)

Shayler P J, White D M, Wilkinson A C, Wakeling R, 'The Assessment of Information Sources for Fault Detection on Spark Ignition Engines', IMechE International Conference on Automotive Diagnostics, London, 27-28 November 1990. (5000 words)

Williams D, Shayler P J, Collings N, 'The Origins of Ionization in the Exhaust Gases of Spark Ignition Engines', Combustion and Flame, V 81, No 3-4, pp 392-402, 1990.