7 Moving to a positive paradigm Aaron Antonovsky (1984) has called the emphasis on illness and disease the pathogenic paradigm and has stated that this disease-focused paradigm has dominated our healthcare system. He claims that there are five important consequences of this domination: ‘We have come to think dichotomously about people, classifying them as either healthy or diseased’ (p. 115). Those categorised as ‘healthy’ are normal, those categorised as non-healthy or ‘d
4.2 People knowledge Stacey (1994) has made a passionate plea to understand the ‘power of lay knowledge’ which she prefers to call ‘people knowledge’. Stacey claims that two fundamental assumptions underline the importance of listening to lay voices. One is that all people are of equal worth and so their views should be heard. The other is that people are health producers as much as they are health consumers. She maintains that patients do a great deal of hard work, whether it is direct as with labouring
Introduction This unit will help you to identify and use information in health and lifestyle, whether for your work, study or personal purposes. Experiment with some of the key resources in this subject area, and learn about the skills which will enable you to plan searches for information, so you can find what you are looking for more easily. Discover the meaning of information quality, and learn how to evaluate the information you come across. You will also be introduced to the many different ways of or
2.1 The nature of the social work task Social work is a responsible and demanding job. Practitioners work in social settings characterised by enormous diversity, and they perform a range of roles, requiring different skills. Public expectations, agency requirements and resources and the needs of service users all create pressures for social workers. The public receives only a snapshot of a social worker's responsibilities and, against a background of media concentration on the sensational, the thousands of successful outcomes and
5 Conclusion This unit began by analysing some of the ways in which young people's wellbeing has been represented in media and policy discussions. We then moved on to explore current constructions of young people's ‘wellbeing’ and presented an alternative critical, social framework for thinking about the health of young people. We analysed some of the ways in which class, gender and ethnicity help to shape young people's mental health. Finally, we discussed ways in which young people's wellbeing can b
ISS Update - Dec. 6, 2012
The International Space Station video update for Dec. 6, 2012.
Acknowledgements Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see terms and conditions). This content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Licence Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources for permission to reproduce material in this unit:
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4.4 Predicting conformation from sequence Given the amino acid sequence of a protein, it is possible to use computational methods to try to fit the sequence into folding patterns. This operation is called ‘threading’. Different conformations can be ranked according to how well they accommodate the sequence; that is, the most stable conformation is ranked highest. Of course, this technique can only be used for those folds that have been definitively described by X-ray diffraction or NMR, and the structure of those proteins whose s
7.8 Example 2 and questions Example 2 Show that the synchrotron spectrum produced by a power-law distribution of electron energies N(E) dE = N0E−s dE, is described by You may use the approximation that all the power
3 Computed tomography The aim of computed tomography (CT) is to produce an image of a slice of the body. (The Greek word ‘tomos’ means slice.) This is achieved by rotating a thin, fan-shaped beam of X-rays around the patient and measuring the intensity on the opposite side of the patient with a very large number of detectors. 2.2.2 Collimator The dimensions of the emerging X-ray beam can be altered by the collimator. This helps to ensure that only the region of interest is exposed to the X-rays. 2.6 How can we find out more about Europa? There are currently no scheduled missions to Jupiter's moons, since NASA's Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO) was cancelled in 2005, but Europa remains a high priority target for both NASA and ESA, so a mission with simlar objectives to JIMO seems likely by about 2020. On arrival at Jupiter, JIMO would have gone into orbit first round Callisto, then Ganymede and finally Europa. The main objectives of JIMO at Europa would have been to: Determine the 3 The value of institutional science promotion events There are three reasons why these science promotion events are considered to be valuable. Many people think that these events can be informational, educational and enjoyable. You can meet others of a similar outlook, learn something new, spend quality time with your family, or confront a nagging fear from your schooldays that you ‘don't understand science’. In turn, this could motivate you to find out more, either as a citizen and/or as a potentia 5.3 Body size and surface area You will be using some more maths in this section. Remember that areas are measured in units such as m2, which is read as metres squared or, more usually, square metres. Volumes are measured in units such as m3, which you should read as metres cubed or, more usually, cubic metres. Most mea 5.2 Body size and metabolic rate Figure 6 is a slightly more complex graph than those used in S182_1. In particular, the masses of the mammals that are plotted on the horiz 3.3 Moles In this section, you will meet one of the ways in which scientists are very precise about the way that they use ordinary words. Spot the difference between ‘The golden mole evolved webbed hind feet so that it can shovel sand backwards as it moves forwards’ and ‘The golden mole evolved webbed hind feet and 3.3.1 Dormancy in black and brown bears The dormant state of bears differs from true hibernation in that the body temperature does not fall below 31–35° C and a major disturbance (such as an intruding biologist) can arouse them to full activity in a few minutes. Dormant bears do not eat, drink, urinate or defaecate, the heart rate drops from 50–60 beats min−1 to 8–12 beats min−1, and oxygen consumption is only 32% of that of actively foraging bears. Nonetheless, the rate of protein turnover, as mea Learning outcomes After studying this Unit you should know: that certain minerals are required in the body and that some minerals form essential structural components of tissues; that sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride ions are important in maintaining the correct composition of cells and of the tissue fluids around them (homeostasis); that some minerals are essential components of important molecules such as hormones and enzymes; that the correct 1.5 Some chemistry involving esters Esters are produced by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol and result from the formation of a new bond (Reaction 2.1). For example, ethyl butanoate, the major constituent of artificial pineapple flavouring, is made from the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol.
There is a certain l 1.4.3 Aspirin Compare the structure of aspirin, 2.8, with that of salicylic acid, 2.7. What similarities and differences can you see?
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