Cu 98, Be 2 (wt%), slow cooling - annealing twins
This sample was solution treated and cooled slowly. It contains equiaxed α grains that form in order to minimise their surface energy. Within these grains there is evidence of twinning. Annealing twins have formed during recrystallisation.
Cu 85, Sn 15 (wt%) bronze, annealed
Subsequent to casting this sample was subject to an annealing treatment which served to recrystallise the sample. Evidence of this can be found in the annealing twins visible in several of the grains. These are a consequence of growth accidents during recrystallisation. Their shape is determined by the need to minimise interfacial energy. There is no strain energy associated with such twins and hence they do not have pointed ends.
Parabolic beach marks on a polystyrene fracture surface
The fracture surfaces are generally very sharp and angular, indicating fast, brittle fracture with little ductile tearing. Parabolic 'beach marks', can be seen where the fracture has grown at a speed comparable to the speed of sound in the material. This results in periodic, momentary arrests in the crack propagation and periodic ridges in the fracture surface as it advances. These indicate the direction in which the fracture has occurred. Inside the beach marks is a disc-shaped flat region wher
Beach marks on a polystyrene fracture surface
The fracture surfaces are generally very sharp and angular, indicating fast, brittle fracture with little ductile tearing. 'Beach marks', can be seen where the fracture has grown at a speed comparable to the speed of sound in the material. This results in periodic, momentary arrests in the crack propagation and periodic ridges in the fracture surface as it advances. There is also evidence of the fracture surface branching onto different planes as it progresses.
Fracture surface in polystyrene
The fracture surfaces are generally very sharp and angular, indicating fast, brittle fracture with little ductile tearing. Parabolic 'beach marks', can be seen where the fracture has grown at a speed comparable to the speed of sound in the material (and has thus been periodically arrested) and indicate the direction in which the fracture has occurred. In places, there is evidence of ductile tearing, and also a finely fibrous surface which is the remnant of crazes. There is also some evidence of
Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystals (TZP)
The comparatively low sintering temperature allows very fine grained (sub-micron), dense and so high strength as well as tough ceramics to be produced. The microstructure shows equiaxed, fine grains with little evidence of weakening grain boundary phases. Such microstructures have some of the highest values of toughness achieved in ceramics.
Archaeology of Medieval and Tudor Britain
The aim of this course is to provide a broad understanding of the archaeology of Britain in the period c. 1066-1600. Although the bulk of the material will relate to England and Wales, occasional reference will be made to Scotland and Ireland. The course takes a necessarily broad approach to the archaeology of the period. Although the treatment of excavated data will form an important component of the syllabus, other types of evidence will also be considered. For instance, the course will examin
Town and Country in Roman Britain
This course aims to look at the archaeology of various types of urban centres in the province of Britannia Roman Britain and the settlements in the rural areas around them. In particular we will examine the inter-dependence and possible relationships of towns and countryside. We cannot ignore the fact that Britain was only one small province of an Empire which stretched from Asia Minor to Scotland and the Sahara Desert to the rivers Rhine and Danube. We may therefore occasionally have to conside
Plant Protection Measures in Specialised Cultivation. Conference on Organic Cultivation. "Specialise
Scientific Conference, national, lfz Raumberg-Gumpenstein (Austria, 2009), 33 slides 
Honey
