Episode as a Unit of Analysis of Movement
Everybody who has read his Gordon Cullen or his Edmund H. Bacon knows that movement has long been recognized as a factor in environmental planning in many ways. For example, in the traditional Japanese promenade garden the importance of movement has always been appreciated. The promenader gains an intense experience of the succession, variation and rhythm of the surrounding scene. The spaces and paths lead him from one stage to another. The spatial structure of the Japanese promenade garden, as
Historical Analysis of Building - (Re)Construction in Olivette Park, USA
From 1959 to 1990, East St. Louis, Illinois deteriorated from an ?All-American City? to a national symbol of urban blight. Located on the Mississippi River, the East St. Louis of today faces severe economic, social, and environmental problems. Nearly onequarter of the city?s work force is unemployed and about 40 percent of families are living below the poverty level. But East St. Louis was not always a distressed community. With strong ties to St. Louis and the surrounding region, East St. Louis
Smart Architecture: Integration of Digital and Building Technologies
Recent developments in digital technologies and smart materials have created new opportunities and are suggesting significant changes in the way we design and build architecture. Traditionally, however, there has always been a gap between the new technologies and their applications into other areas. Even though, most technological innovations hold the promise to transform the building industry and the architecture within, and although, there have been some limited attempts in this area recently;
Fracture surface in a liquid crystalline polymer
Above their melting point, liquid crystalline polymers exhibit a mesophase within which, although able to flow and are not arranged in a crystal, they exhibit long range orientational order. This molecular alignment can be exploited to make high strength and stiffness fibres such as Kevlar, or even mouldable thermotropics such as Vectra. Molecular alignment can also be controlled by an external applied field; a property exploited in liquid crystal displays. This specimen has not had a magneti
Fracture surface in a liquid crystalline polymer
Above their melting point, liquid crystalline polymers exhibit a mesophase within which, although able to flow and are not arranged in a crystal, they exhibit long range orientational order. This molecular alignment can be exploited to make high strength and stiffness fibres such as Kevlar, or even mouldable thermotropics such as Vectra. Molecular alignment can also be controlled by an external applied field; a property exploited in liquid crystal displays. This specimen has not had a magneti
Twist-escaped loops in the liquid crystalline polymer MBBA
Once a weak shear flow is applied on the nematic liquid, there is a sudden and strong increase in the defect density. At a certain shear rate, the equilibrium density is reached after a while through the creation and annihilation of defects. This in-situ observation enables the study of a wide range of dynamic disclination behaviours during shear, such as disclination-joining, loop-contracting, loop-stretching and loop-breaking. The loops in this image result from type 1 disclinations 'escaping'
Spherulites in poly-3-hydroxy butyrate (PHB)
Polymer melts often crystallise from heterogeneous nuclei to form ribbon-like lamellae, which have a folded chain molecular structure. They commonly radiate outwards from the nucleation point, to form spherical features called spherulites - which are often quite large. The characteristic Maltese cross pattern, seen when viewed between crossed polars, results from isoclinic fringes formed when one of the principal vibration directions is approximately parallel to the polariser. In some cases
Injection-moulded polypropylene (PP) hinge
The colours in the image are the result of birefringence and relate to the residual strain in the polypropylene. The pattern of strain is indicative of the flow of material during the injection process and reveals the molecular alignment in the constriction which constitutes a hinge. The aligned molecules provide a fatigue resistant, flexible joint. A sprue which has been cut off is also visible in the top left-hand corner of the image.
Injection-moulded polystyrene (PS) case
The colours in the image are the result of birefringence and relate to the residual strain in the polystyrene. The pattern of strain is indicative of the flow of material during the injection process and it highlights the injection point (known as a 'sprue') which can also be identified by a small lump on the surface; the molecular alignment is greatest near this point. Towards the edges of the ruler and along its length, the material becomes more relaxed and as the molecular alignment falls,
Injection-moulded polystyrene ruler
The colours in the image are the result of birefringence and relate to the residual strain in the polystyrene. The pattern of strain is indicative of the flow of material during the injection process and it highlights the injection point (known as a 'gate') at the end of the ruler; the molecular alignment is greatest near this point. Towards the edges of the ruler and along its length, the material becomes more relaxed and as the molecular alignment falls, the retardation of light is less. If
A Procedural Model for Integrating Physical and Cyberspaces in Architecture
This dissertation articulates opportunities offered by architectural computation, in particular the digital simulation of space known as virtual reality (VR) and its networked, social variant cyberspace. Research suggests that environments that hybridize technologies call for a conception of space as information, i.e. space is both a product of and tool for cognition. The thesis proposes a model whereby architecture can employ this concept of space in creating hybrids that integrate physical a
Science teaching with technology (ECIT)
There is an evident need to improve the teaching of sciences. Therefore the ECIT Web page has been designed to assist the teaching of physics, chemistry and biology to secondary students. Considering technology as a mean and not as an end for teaching, the ?ECIT Model? was developed following pedagogic as well as design criteria. Its? implementation requires a specific classroom outline, the use of certain technological tools and an efficient interface, to achieve a working environment (not only
Technical Aspects of the Urban Simulator in Tampere University of Technology
The colour video recording Urban Simulator in TUT was built very early compared with the development of video systems. A contract for planning the simulator electronics, mechanics and camera systems was made in january 1978 with two TUT students: Jani Granholm (computer science and engineering) and Ilkka Alavalkama (machine design and automation). Ease of control and maintenance were asked by side of ?human movement inside coloured small-scale architectural models?. From the beginning, all compo
Fe, C 0.5 (wt%) steel, near a decarburised surface
This is a hypoeutectoid steel (one that has a carbon composition below that of the eutectoid). During original cooling from high temperature, some ferrite was formed first on the prior austenite grain boundaries and the remaining carbon-enriched austenite then transformed to pearlite in a eutectoid reaction. The specimen was then exposed to a decarburising atmosphere (just air in this case). This might happen inadvertently, or it could be done deliberately if a softer surface is required for som
MARCO ANTONIO DE LA PARRA COMO NARRADOR Y ENSAYISTA. MONOGRAFIA MULTIMEDIAL (Marco Antonio de la Par
The analysis of Marco Antonio de la Parra?s novels and essays from the discourse perspective, is the contents of an interdisciplinary work for modernizing and improving communicative possibilities of universitary thesis through multimedia. For the multimedia design, the main and most recent digital creating software for the graphic treatment of texts and images were analised, then the navigation system and screens were designed, difining backgrounds, texts, audio and video, besides buttons and h
Responding to Water Scarcity
Growers in the UK are having to get used to managing with less water. Changing climate patterns mean that techniques long established in Southern Europe are now being adapted for use further north.
Dr Jim Monaghan (Harper Adams University College) is leading research at Warwick HRI on Dynamic Fertigation, an irrigation system that not only saves water and fertilizer but also automatically respond to five day weather forecasts.
Length: 15 minutes
Process Dynamics, Operations, and Control, Spring 2003
Introduction to dynamic processes and the engineering tasks of process operations and control. Subject covers modeling the static and dynamic behavior of processes; control strategies; design of feedback, feedforward, and other control structures; model-based control; applications to process equipment.
Numerical Methods Applied to Chemical Engineering, Fall 2001
Numerical methods for solving problems arising in heat and mass transfer, fluid mechanics, chemical reaction engineering, and molecular simulation. Topics: numerical linear algebra, solution of nonlinear algebraic equations and ordinary differential equations, solution of partial differential equations (e.g. Navier-Stokes), numerical methods in molecular simulation (dynamics, geometry optimization). All methods are presented within the context of chemical engineering problems. Familiarity with s
High tech shopping with apps
Retailers have a new tool to connect to consumers this holiday season- shopping apps that bring spenders in and help make the sale.
Physics in architecture
Developed in 1998 by Dr John Whittle (Department of the Built Environment) using Authorware, this package contains brief interactive notes on eight areas of physics in which architects need a working knowledge. However, it is also useful to others in science, engineering and social sciences looking for an introduction to the topics concerned. These topics are: Units of measurement; Scalar and vector quantities; Newton’s laws; Mass and weight; Action and reaction; Waves; Heat, work and energy;
