Sue Francis

Contact

• workRoom MR13 Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre
  University Park
  Nottingham
  NG7 2RD
  UK
• work0115 846 6518
• susan.francis@nottingham.ac.uk

Research Summary

My research has centred on developing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) methods for biomedical applications, over the last ~ 15 years in this field. This has included the application and development… read more

Selected Publications

• CHOWDHURY, A.H., COX, E.F., FRANCIS, S.T. and LOBO, D.N., 2012. A randomized, controlled, double-blind crossover study on the effects of 2-L infusions of 0.9% saline and Plasma-Lyte® 148 on renal blood flow velocity and renal cortical tissue perfusion in healthy volunteers Annals of Surgery. 256(1), 18–24
• GARDENER, A.G., GOWLAND, P.A. and FRANCIS, S.T., 2009. Implementation of quantitative perfusion imaging using pulsed arterial spin labeling at ultra-high field Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 61(4), 874-882
• FRANCIS, S.T., BOWTELL, R. and GOWLAND, P.A., 2008. Modeling and optimization of Look-Locker spin labeling for measuring perfusion and transit time changes in activation studies taking into account arterial blood volume Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 59(2), 316–325
• FRANCIS, S., LIN, X., ABOUSHOUSHAH, S., WHITE, T.P., PHILLIPS, M., BOWTELL, R. and CONSTANTINESCU, C.S., 2009. fMRI analysis of active, passive and electrically stimulated ankle dorsiflexion NeuroImage. 44(2), 469-479

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Current Research

My research has centred on developing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) methods for biomedical applications, over the last ~ 15 years in this field. This has included the application and development of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques in neuroscience, and the development of quantitative MRI methods. I have developed/implemented arterial spin labelling (ASL) methods to measure blood flow and blood volume non-invasively in the brain. Since 2005, I have worked on applications of these techniques at ultra-high field (7T). I have a strong interest in fMRI and EEG/MEG correlates, with extensive collaborations and applications in high resolution fMRI, particularly to assess somatosensory and visual function, and the brain-gut interactions.

I have also a strong interest in applying these techniques to the body, in particular the kidney and liver, with a programme of work in this field to assess quantitative biomarkers of disease in these organs, using the methods developed for perfusion and quantitative structural mapping. To date, I have supervised 22 PhD students since my appointment to Lecturer in 2001 with colleagues in SPMMRC, School of Community Health Sciences, School of Psychology, and the Division of Academic Radiology and Food Sciences. I have co-authored more than 100 papers, and I have secured external funding from Research councils (MRC, BBSRC) and industry (Mars plc., Unilever plc., SAB Miller plc., Baxter Pharmaceuticals, and Fresenius).

• CROAL, P. L., DRIVER, I. D., FRANCIS, S. T. and GOWLAND, P. A., 2017. Field strength dependence of grey matter R-2* on venous oxygenation: Neuroimage Neuroimage. 146, 327-332
• MULLINGER KJ, CHERUKARA MT, BUXTON RB, FRANCIS ST and MAYHEW SD, 2017. Post-stimulus fMRI and EEG responses: Evidence for a neuronal origin hypothesised to be inhibitory. NeuroImage. 157, 388-399 (In Press.)
• BARRATT EL, TEWARIE PK, CLARKE MA, HALL EL, GOWLAND PA, MORRIS PG, FRANCIS ST, EVANGELOU N and BROOKES MJ, 2017. Abnormal task driven neural oscillations in multiple sclerosis: A visuomotor MEG study. Human brain mapping. 38(5), 2441-2453
• SCHLUPPECK D, SANCHEZ-PANCHUELO RM and FRANCIS ST, 2017. Exploring structure and function of sensory cortex with 7T MRI. NeuroImage. (In Press.)
• FRANCIS S, BUCHANAN CE, PRESTWICH B and TAAL MW, 2017. Sodium MRI: a new frontier in imaging in nephrology. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension. 26(6), 435-441
• GLOVER PM, WATKINS RH, O'NEILL GC, ACKERLEY R, SANCHEZ-PANCHUELO R, MCGLONE F, BROOKES MJ, WESSBERG J and FRANCIS ST, 2017. An intra-neural microstimulation system for ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging and magnetoencephalography. Journal of neuroscience methods. 290, 69-78
• TAN FM, CABALLERO-GAUDES C, MULLINGER KJ, CHO SY, ZHANG Y, DRYDEN IL, FRANCIS ST and GOWLAND PA, 2017. Decoding fMRI events in sensorimotor motor network using sparse paradigm free mapping and activation likelihood estimates. Human brain mapping. (In Press.)
• HORT, J, FORD R, ELDEGHAIDY S and FRANCIS S, 2016. Thermal taster status: evidence of cross-modal integration. Human Brain Mapping Human Brain Mapping. 37, 2263-2275
• MAYHEW, S. D., MULLINGER, K. J., OSTWALD, D., PORCARO, C., BOWTELL, R., BAGSHAW, A. P. and FRANCIS, S. T., 2016. Global signal modulation of single-trial fMRI response variability: Effect on positive vs negative BOLD response relationship NEUROIMAGE. 133, 62-74
• SMITH JK, MARCIANI L, HUMES DJ, FRANCIS ST, GOWLAND P and SPILLER RC, 2016. Anticipation of thermal pain in diverticular disease. Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society. 28(6), 900-13
• MAYHEW SD, MULLINGER KJ, OSTWALD D, PORCARO C, BOWTELL R, BAGSHAW AP and FRANCIS ST, 2016. Global signal modulation of single-trial fMRI response variability: Effect on positive vs negative BOLD response relationship. NeuroImage. 133, 62-74
• SANCHEZ PANCHUELO, ROSA MARIA, ACKERLEY, ROCHELLE, GLOVER, PAUL M., BOWTELL, RICHARD W., WESSBERG, JOHAN, FRANCIS, SUSAN T. and MCGLONE, FRANCIS, 2016. Mapping quantal touch using 7 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging and single-unit intraneural microstimulation: eLife eLife. 5,
• 2016. Non-invasive assessment of Portal Hypertension Using Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Journal of hepatology. (In Press.)
• MAHMOUD H, BUCHANAN C, FRANCIS ST and SELBY NM, 2016. Imaging the kidney using magnetic resonance techniques: structure to function. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension.
• 2016. Prior Consumption of a Fat Meal in Healthy Adults Modulates the Brain's Response to Fat. The Journal of nutrition. (In Press.)
• 2016. Visual morphometry and three non-invasive markers in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. 1-9 (In Press.)
• BUCHANAN C, MOHAMMED A, COX E, KÖHLER K, CANAUD B, TAAL MW, SELBY NM, FRANCIS S and MCINTYRE CW, 2016. Intradialytic Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Assess Cardiovascular Responses in a Short-Term Trial of Hemodiafiltration and Hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.
• CROAL PL, DRIVER ID, FRANCIS ST and GOWLAND PA, 2016. Field strength dependence of grey matter R2(*) on venous oxygenation. NeuroImage. 146, 327-332
• PALANIYAPPAN, NAAVENTHAN, COX, ELEANOR, BRADLEY, CHRISTOPHER, SCOTT, ROBERT, AUSTIN, ANDREW, O'NEILL, RICHARD, RAMJAS, GREG, TRAVIS, SIMON, WHITE, HILARY, SINGH, RAJEEV, THURLEY, PETER, GUHA, INDRA NEIL, FRANCIS, SUSAN and AITHAL, GURUPRASAD PADUR, 2016. Non-invasive assessment of portal hypertension using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY. 65(6), 1131-1139
• CROAL P, HALL E, DRIVER I, GOWLAND P and FRANCIS S, 2015. The effect of isocapnic hyperoxia on neurophysiology as measured with MRI and MEG Neuroimage. 15(105), 323-331
• BREIDTHARDT T, COX EF, SQUIRE I, ODUDU A, OMAR NF, ELDEHNI MT, FRANCIS S and MCINTYRE CW, 2015. The pathophysiology of the chronic cardiorenal syndrome: a magnetic resonance imaging study European Radiology. (In Press.)
• HOAD CL, PALANIYAPPAN N, KAYE P, CHERNOVA Y, JAMES MW, COSTIGAN C, AUSTIN A, MARCIANI L, GOWLAND PA, GUHA IN, FRANCIS ST and AITHAL GP, 2015. A study of T1 relaxation time as a measure of liver fibrosis and the influence of confounding histological factors. NMR in biomedicine. 28(6), 706-14
• GONCALVES NR, BAN H, SÁNCHEZ-PANCHUELO RM, FRANCIS ST, SCHLUPPECK D and WELCHMAN AE, 2015. 7 tesla FMRI reveals systematic functional organization for binocular disparity in dorsal visual cortex. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 35(7), 3056-72
• ALLAN, THOMAS W, FRANCIS, SUSAN T, CABALLERO-GAUDES, CESAR, MORRIS, PETER G, LIDDLE, ELIZABETH B, LIDDLE, PETER F, BROOKES, MATTHEW J and GOWLAND, PENNY A, 2015. Functional connectivity in MRI is driven by spontaneous bold events PloS one. 10(4), e0124577
• FRANCIS ST and ELDEGHAIDY S, 2015. Imaging methodologies and applications for nutrition research: what can functional MRI offer? - ERRATUM. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 74(2), 185
• HALE JR, MAYHEW SD, MULLINGER KJ, WILSON RS, ARVANITIS TN, FRANCIS ST and BAGSHAW AP, 2015. Comparison of functional thalamic segmentation from seed-based analysis and ICA. NeuroImage. 114, 448-65
• DRIVER ID, ANDOH J, BLOCKLEY NP, FRANCIS ST, GOWLAND PA and PAUS T, 2015. Hemispheric asymmetry in cerebrovascular reactivity of the human primary motor cortex: an in vivo study at 7 T. NMR in biomedicine. 28(5), 538-45
• COX EF, SMITH JK, CHOWDHURY AH, LOBO DN, FRANCIS ST and SIMPSON J, 2015. Temporal assessment of pancreatic blood flow and perfusion following secretin stimulation using noninvasive MRI. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI. 42(5), 1233-40
• SÁNCHEZ-PANCHUELO R, BESLE J, MOUGIN O, GOWLAND P, BOWTELL R, SCHLUPPECK D and FRANCIS S, 2014. Regional structural differences across functionally parcellated Brodmann areas of human primary somatosensory cortex. NeuroImage. 93 Pt 2, 221-30
• LANGERS DRM, SANCHEZ-PANCHUELO RM, FRANCIS ST, KRUMBHOLZ K and HALL DA, 2014. Neuroimaging paradigms for tonotopic mapping (II): the influence of acquisition protocol. NeuroImage. 100, 663-75
• BALLA DZ, SANCHEZ-PANCHUELO RM, WHARTON SJ, HAGBERG GE, SCHEFFLER K, FRANCIS ST and BOWTELL R, 2014. Functional quantitative susceptibility mapping (fQSM). NeuroImage. 100, 112-24
• BESLE J, SÁNCHEZ-PANCHUELO R, BOWTELL R, FRANCIS S and SCHLUPPECK D, 2014. Event-related fMRI at 7T reveals overlapping cortical representations for adjacent fingertips in S1 of individual subjects. Human brain mapping. 35(5), 2027-43
• DRIVER, IAN D., WHARTON, SAMUEL J., CROAL, PAULA L., BOWTELL, RICHARD, FRANCIS, SUSAN T. and GOWLAND, PENNY A., 2014. Global intravascular and local hyperoxia contrast phase-based blood oxygenation measurements NEUROIMAGE. 101, 458-465
• MAYHEW, S. D., MULLINGER, K. J., BAGSHAW, A. P., BOWTELL, R. and FRANCIS, S. T., 2014. Investigating intrinsic connectivity networks using simultaneous BOLD and CBF measurements NEUROIMAGE. 99, 111-121
• MULLINGER, K. J., MAYHEW, S. D., BAGSHAW, A. P., BOWTELL, R. and FRANCIS, S. T., 2014. Evidence that the negative BOLD response is neuronal in origin: A simultaneous EEG-BOLD-CBF study in humans NEUROIMAGE. 94, 263-274
• PETRIDOU, N., GAUDES, C. C., DRYDEN, I. L., FRANCIS, S. T. and GOWLAND, P. A., 2013. Periods of rest in fMRI contain individual spontaneous events which are related to slowly fluctuating spontaneous activity Human Brain Mapping. 34, 1319--1329
• WHITE, T.P., JANSEN, M., DOEGE, K., MULLINGER, K.J., PARK, S.B., LIDDLE, E.B., GOWLAND, P.A., FRANCIS, S.T., BOWTELL, R. and LIDDLE, P.F., 2013. Theta power during encoding predicts subsequent-memory performance and default mode network deactivation. Human Brain Mapping. 34(11), 2929-2943
• LISS, P., COX, E. F., ECKERBOM, P. and FRANCIS, S. T., 2013. Imaging of intrarenal haemodynamics and oxygen metabolism: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 40(2), 158-67
• BESLE, J., SANCHEZ-PANCHUELO, R., BOWTELL, R., FRANCIS, S. and SCHLUPPECK, D., 2013. Single-subject fMRI mapping at 7T of the representation of fingertips in S1: a comparison of event-related and phase-encoding designs Journal of Neurophysiology. 109(9), 2293-2305
• BESLE, J., SANCHEZ-PANCHUELO, R.M., BOWTELL, R., FRANCIS, S. and SCHLUPPECK, D., 2013. Event-related fMRI at 7T reveals overlapping cortical representations for adjacent fingertips in S1 of individual subjects Human Brain Mapping. (In Press.)
• MULLINGER, K.J., MAYHEW, S.D., BAGSHAW, A.P., BOWTELL, R. and FRANCIS, S.T., 2013. Poststimulus undershoots in cerebral blood flow and BOLD fMRI responses are modulated by poststimulus neuronal activity Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110(33), 13636-13641
• MACDONALD IA, FRANCIS ST, GOWLAND PA, HARDMAN CA and HALFORD JC, 2013. Brain activation in relation to specific dietary components: what does fMRI measure and how should one interpret cravings for certain foods? The American journal of clinical nutrition. 98(3), 633-4
• SÁNCHEZ-PANCHUELO, R.M., FRANCIS, S.T., SCHLUPPECK, D. and BOWTELL, R.W., 2012. Correspondence of human visual areas identified using functional and anatomical MRI in vivo at 7 T Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 35(2), 287-299
• BLOCKLEY, N. P., DRIVER, I. D., FISHER, J. A., FRANCIS, S. T. and GOWLAND, P. A., 2012. Measuring venous blood volume changes during activation using hyperoxia: Neuroimage Neuroimage. 59(4), 3266-74
• JANSEN, M., WHITE, T.P., MULLINGER, K.J., LIDDLE, E.B., GOWLAND, P.A., FRANCIS, S.T., BOWTELL, R. and LIDDLE, P.F., 2012. Motion-related artefacts in EEG predict neuronally plausible patterns of activation in fMRI data: Neuroimage Neuroimage. 59(1), 261-70
• SANCHEZ-PANCHUELO, R. M., FRANCIS, S. T., SCHLUPPECK, D. and BOWTELL, R. W., 2012. Correspondence of human visual areas identified using functional and anatomical MRI in vivo at 7 T: J Magn Reson Imaging J Magn Reson Imaging. 35(2), 287-99
• STEVENSON, C. M., WANG, F., BROOKES, M. J., ZUMER, J. M., FRANCIS, S. T. and MORRIS, P. G., 2012. Paired pulse depression in the somatosensory cortex: associations between MEG and BOLD fMRI: Neuroimage Neuroimage. 59(3), 2722-32
• CHOWDHURY, A.H., COX, E.F., FRANCIS, S.T. and LOBO, D.N., 2012. A randomized, controlled, double-blind crossover study on the effects of 2-L infusions of 0.9% saline and Plasma-Lyte® 148 on renal blood flow velocity and renal cortical tissue perfusion in healthy volunteers Annals of Surgery. 256(1), 18–24
• ELDEGHAIDY S, MARCIANI L, PFEIFFER J, HORT J, HEAD K, TAYLOR A, SPILLER R, GOWLAND P and FRANCIS ST, 2012. Use of an immediate swallow protocol to assess taste and aroma integration in fMRI studies (In Press.)
• SANCHEZ-PANCHUELO, R.M., BESLE, J., BECKETT, A., BOWTELL, R., SCHLUPPECK, D. and FRANCIS, S., 2012. Within-digit functional parcellation of Brodmann areas of the human primary somatosensory cortex using functional magnetic resonance imaging at 7 tesla Journal of Neuroscience. 32(45), 15815-15822
• HARMER J, SANCHEZ-PANCHUELO RM, BOWTELL R and FRANCIS ST, 2012. Spatial location and strength of BOLD activation in high-spatial-resolution fMRI of the motor cortex: a comparison of spin echo and gradient echo fMRI at 7 T. NMR in biomedicine. 25(5), 717-25
• BECKETT, A., PEIRCE, J.W., SANCHEZ-PANCHUELO, R.M., FRANCIS, S. and SCHLUPPECK, D., 2012. Contribution of large scale biases in decoding of direction-of-motion from high-resolution fMRI data in human early visual cortex NeuroImage. 63(3), 1623-1632
• SANCHEZ-PANCHUELO, R. M., BESLE, J., BECKETT, A., BOWTELL, R., SCHLUPPECK, D. and FRANCIS, S., 2012. Within-digit functional parcellation of Brodmann areas of the human primary somatosensory cortex using functional magnetic resonance imaging at 7 tesla: J Neurosci J Neurosci. 32(45), 15815-22
• BROOKES, M.J., HALE, J.R., ZUMER, J.M., STEVENSON, C.M., FRANCIS, S.T., BARNES, G.R., OWEN, J.P., MORRIS, P.G. and NAGARAJAN, S.S., 2011. Measuring functional connectivity using MEG: methodology and comparison with fcMRI NeuroImage. 56(3), 1082-1104
• BLOCKLEY, N. P., DRIVER, I. D., FRANCIS, S. T., FISHER, J. A. and GOWLAND, P. A., 2011. An improved method for acquiring cerebrovascular reactivity maps: Magn Reson Med Magn Reson Med. 65(5), 1278-86
• CABALLERO GAUDES, C., PETRIDOU, N., FRANCIS, S. T., DRYDEN, I. L. and GOWLAND, P. A., 2011. Paradigm free mapping with sparse regression automatically detects single-trial functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygenation level dependent responses: Hum Brain Mapp Hum Brain Mapp.
• ELDEGHAIDY, S., MARCIANI, L., MCGLONE, F., HOLLOWOOD, T., HORT, J., HEAD, K., TAYLOR, A. J., BUSCH, J., SPILLER, R. C., GOWLAND, P. A. and FRANCIS, S. T., 2011. The cortical response to the oral perception of fat emulsions and the effect of taster status: J Neurophysiol J Neurophysiol. 105(5), 2572-81
• GAUDES, C. C., PETRIDOU, N., DRYDEN, I. L., BAI, L., FRANCIS, S. T. and GOWLAND, P. A., 2011. Detection and characterization of single-trial fMRI bold responses: paradigm free mapping: Hum Brain Mapp Hum Brain Mapp. 32(9), 1400-18
• HALL, E. L., DRIVER, I. D., CROAL, P. L., FRANCIS, S. T., GOWLAND, P. A., MORRIS, P. G. and BROOKES, M. J., 2011. The effect of hypercapnia on resting and stimulus induced MEG signals: Neuroimage Neuroimage. 58(4), 1034-43
• SMITH, J. K., HUMES, D. J., HEAD, K. E., BUSH, D., WHITE, T. P., STEVENSON, C. M., BROOKES, M. J., MARCIANI, L., SPILLER, R. C., GOWLAND, P. A. and FRANCIS, S. T., 2011. fMRI and MEG analysis of visceral pain in healthy volunteers: Neurogastroenterol Motil Neurogastroenterol Motil. 23(7), 648-e260
• STEPHENSON, M. C., GUNNER, F., NAPOLITANO, A., GREENHAFF, P. L., MACDONALD, I. A., SAEED, N., VENNART, W., FRANCIS, S. T. and MORRIS, P. G., 2011. Applications of multi-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7T: World J Radiol World J Radiol. 3(4), 105-13
• SANCHEZ-PANCHUELO, R.M., FRANCIS, S., BOWTELL, R. and SCHLUPPECK, D., 2010. Mapping human somatosensory cortex in individual subjects with 7T functional MRI. Journal of Neurophysiology. 103(5), 2544-2556
• GARDENER, A. G. and FRANCIS, S. T., 2010. Multislice perfusion of the kidneys using parallel imaging: image acquisition and analysis strategies: Magn Reson Med Magn Reson Med. 63(6), 1627-36
• HALE, J. R., BROOKES, M. J., HALL, E. L., ZUMER, J. M., STEVENSON, C. M., FRANCIS, S. T. and MORRIS, P. G., 2010. Comparison of functional connectivity in default mode and sensorimotor networks at 3 and 7T: MAGMA MAGMA. 23(5-6), 339-49
• TRULSSON, M., FRANCIS, S. T., BOWTELL, R. and MCGLONE, F., 2010. Brain activations in response to vibrotactile tooth stimulation: a psychophysical and fMRI study: J Neurophysiol J Neurophysiol. 104(4), 2257-65
• WHITE, T. P., JOSEPH, V., FRANCIS, S. T. and LIDDLE, P. F., 2010. Aberrant salience network (bilateral insula and anterior cingulate cortex) connectivity during information processing in schizophrenia: Schizophr Res Schizophr Res. 123(2-3), 105-15
• WHITE, T. P., JOSEPH, V., O'REGAN, E., HEAD, K. E., FRANCIS, S. T. and LIDDLE, P. F., 2010. Alpha-gamma interactions are disturbed in schizophrenia: a fusion of electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging: Clin Neurophysiol Clin Neurophysiol. 121(9), 1427-37
• ZUMER, J. M., BROOKES, M. J., STEVENSON, C. M., FRANCIS, S. T. and MORRIS, P. G., 2010. Relating BOLD fMRI and neural oscillations through convolution and optimal linear weighting: Neuroimage Neuroimage. 49(2), 1479-89
• GARDENER, A. G., FRANCIS, S. T., PRIOR, M., PETERS, A. and GOWLAND, P. A., 2010. Dependence of blood R2 relaxivity on CPMG echo-spacing at 2.35 and 7 T: Magn Reson Med Magn Reson Med. 64(4), 967-74
• FRANCIS, S., LIN, X., ABOUSHOUSHAH, S., WHITE, T.P., PHILLIPS, M., BOWTELL, R. and CONSTANTINESCU, C.S., 2009. fMRI analysis of active, passive and electrically stimulated ankle dorsiflexion NeuroImage. 44(2), 469-479
• BLOCKLEY, N. P., FRANCIS, S. T. and GOWLAND, P. A., 2009. Perturbation of the BOLD response by a contrast agent and interpretation through a modified balloon model: Neuroimage Neuroimage. 48(1), 84-93
• GARDENER, A.G., GOWLAND, P.A. and FRANCIS, S.T., 2009. Implementation of quantitative perfusion imaging using pulsed arterial spin labeling at ultra-high field Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 61(4), 874-882
• SUMMERS, I. R., FRANCIS, S. T., BOWTELL, R. W., MCGLONE, F. P. and CLEMENCE, M., 2009. A functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging investigation of cortical activation from moving vibrotactile stimuli on the fingertip: J Acoust Soc Am J Acoust Soc Am. 125(2), 1033-9
• WHITE, T. P., FRANCIS, S. T., JOSEPH, V., O'REGAN, E., HEAD, K. E. and LIDDLE, P. F., 2009. Evidence for reduced somatosensory lateralisation and focalisation in schizophrenia: Psychiatry Res Psychiatry Res. 174(1), 24-31
• VAN DER ZWAAG, W., FRANCIS, S., HEAD, K., PETERS, A., GOWLAND, P., MORRIS, P. and BOWTELL, R., 2009. fMRI at 1.5, 3 and 7 T: characterising BOLD signal changes: Neuroimage Neuroimage. 47(4), 1425-34
• FRANCIS, S.T., BOWTELL, R. and GOWLAND, P.A., 2008. Modeling and optimization of Look-Locker spin labeling for measuring perfusion and transit time changes in activation studies taking into account arterial blood volume Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 59(2), 316–325
• SCHAFER, A., VAN DER ZWAAG, W., FRANCIS, S. T., HEAD, K. E., GOWLAND, P. A. and BOWTELL, R. W., 2008. High resolution SE-fMRI in humans at 3 and 7 T using a motor task: MAGMA MAGMA. 21(1-2), 113-20
• WRIGHT, P. J., MOUGIN, O. E., TOTMAN, J. J., PETERS, A. M., BROOKES, M. J., COXON, R., MORRIS, P. E., CLEMENCE, M., FRANCIS, S. T., BOWTELL, R. W. and GOWLAND, P. A., 2008. Water proton T1 measurements in brain tissue at 7, 3, and 1.5 T using IR-EPI, IR-TSE, and MPRAGE: results and optimization: MAGMA MAGMA. 21(1-2), 121-30
• BLOCKLEY, N. P., JIANG, L., GARDENER, A. G., LUDMAN, C. N., FRANCIS, S. T. and GOWLAND, P. A., 2008. Field strength dependence of R1 and R2* relaxivities of human whole blood to ProHance, Vasovist, and deoxyhemoglobin: Magn Reson Med Magn Reson Med. 60(6), 1313-20
• BROOKES, M.J., MORRIS, P.G., GOWLAND, P.A. and FRANCIS, S.T., 2007. Noninvasive measurement of arterial cerebral blood volume using look-locker EPI and arterial spin labeling Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 58(1), 41-54
• PETERS, A. M., BROOKES, M. J., HOOGENRAAD, F. G., GOWLAND, P. A., FRANCIS, S. T., MORRIS, P. G. and BOWTELL, R., 2007. T2* measurements in human brain at 1.5, 3 and 7 T: Magn Reson Imaging Magn Reson Imaging. 25(6), 748-53
• FRANCIS, S.T., HEAD, K., MORRIS, P.G. and MACDONALD, I.A., 2006. The effect of flavanol-rich cocoa on the fMRI response to a cognitive task in healthy young people Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 47(Supplement 2), S215-S220
• MARCIANI, L., PFEIFFER, J.C., HORT, J., HEAD, K., BUSH, D., TAYLOR, A.J., SPILLER, R.C., FRANCIS, S. and GOWLAND, P.A., 2006. Improved methods for fMRI studies of combined taste and aroma stimuli. Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 158(2), 186-94
• VAN DER ZWAAG, W., FRANCIS, S. and BOWTELL, R.W., 2006. Improved echo volumar imaging (EVI) for functional MRI Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 56(6), 1320-1327
• BROOKES, M.J., GIBSON, A.M., HALL, S.D., FURLONG, P.L., BARNES, G.R., HILLEBRAND, A., SINGH, K.D., HOLLIDAY, I.E., FRANCIS, S.T. and MORRIS, P.G., 2005. GLM-beamformer method demonstrates stationary field, alpha ERD and gamma ERS co-localisation with fMRI BOLD response in visual cortex Neuroimage. 26(1), 302-308
• GIBSON, A. M., BROOKES, M. J., KIM, S. S., FRANCIS, S. T. and MORRIS, P. G., 2005. A new quantitative analysis of significant timing differences between externally cued and self-initiated motor tasks in an fMRI study Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. VOL 28(NUMBER 2-4), 258-265
• BROOKES, M.J., GIBSON, A.M., HALL, S.D., FURLONG, P.L., BARNES, G.R., HILLEBRAND, A., SINGH, K.D., HOLLIDAY, I.E., FRANCIS, S.T. and MORRIS, P.G., 2004. A general linear model for MEG beamformer imaging NeuroImage. 23(3), 936-946
• BUTTERWORTH, S., FRANCIS, S., KELLY, E., MCGLONE, F., BOWTELL, R.W. and SAWLE, G.V., 2003. Abnormal cortical sensory activation in dystonia: an fMRI study Movement Disorders. 18(6), 673-682
• ROLLS, E.T., O'DOHERTY, J., KRINGELBACH, M.L., FRANCIS, S., BOWTELL, R.W. and MCGLONE, F., 2003. Representations of pleasant and painful touch in the human orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices Cerebral Cortex. 13(3), 308-317
• PEARS, J.A., FRANCIS, S.T., BUTTERWORTH, S.E., BOWTELL, R.W. and GOWLAND, P.A., 2003. Investigating the BOLD effect during infusion of Gd-DTPA using rapid T*₂ mapping Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 49(1), 61-70
• FRANCIS, S.T., PEARS, J.A., BUTTERWORTH, S., BOWTELL, R.W. and GOWLAND, P.A., 2003. Measuring the change in CBV upon cortical activation with high temporal resolution using look-locker EPI and Gd-DTPA Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 50(3), 483-492
• GOWLAND, P., FRANCIS, S., MORRIS, P. and BOWTELL, R.W., 2002. Watching the brain at work Physics World. 15(12), 31-36
• MCGLONE, F., KELLY, E.F., TRULSSON, M., FRANCIS, S.T, WESTLING, G. and BOWTELL, R.W., 2002. Functional neuroimaging studies of human somatosensory cortex Behavioural Brain Research. 135(1-2), 147-158
• LINDAHL, A.J., FRANCIS, S., MORRIS, P. and SAWLE, G.V., 2002. Abnormal bilateral cerebellar activity in overt movement and motor imagery in essential tremor: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. 73(2), 233-233
• TRULSSON, M., FRANCIS, S.T., KELLY, E.F., WESTLING, G., BOWTELL, R.W. and MCGLONE, F., 2001. Cortical responses to single mechanoreceptive afferent microstimulation revealed with fMRI Neuroimage. 13(4), 613-622
• O'DOHERTY, J., ROLLS, E.T., FRANCIS, S., BOWTELL, R. and MCGLONE, F., 2001. Representation of pleasant and aversive taste in the human brain Journal of Neurophysiology. 85(3), 1315-1321
• SLEIGH, A., FRANCIS, S., MCGLONE, F., KELLY, E., GOWLAND, P. and BOWTELL, R.W., 2001. Effect of frequency of vibrotactile stimulation on the brain response measured using fMRI Neuroimage. 13(6), S1254-S1254
• HE, J., FRANCIS, S., HILLEBRAND, A., BARNES, G.R., BOWTELL, R.W., FURLONG, P.L. and MORRIS, P.G., 2001. Spatial comparison between fMRI and MEG studies on human somatosensory brain function Neuroimage. 13(6), S15-S15
• BARNES, G., FRANCIS, S., HILLEBRAND, A., HE, J.B., FURLONG, P., BOWTELL, R.W., SINGH, K., HOLLIDAY, I. and MORRIS, P., 2001. The spatial relationship between event-related changes in cortical synchrony and the haemodynamic response: an MEG-fMRI study Neuroimage. 13(6), S71-S71
• ROLLS, E.T., KRINGELBACH, R.L., O'DOHERTY, J., FRANCIS, S., BOWTELL, R.W. and MCGLONE, F., 2001. Pleasant and painful touch are represented in the human orbitofrontal cortex Neuroimage. 13(6), S468-S468
• FRANCIS, S., SUMMERS, I., CLEMENCE, M., MCGLONE, F., CHANTER, C. and BOWTELL, R.W., 2001. An fMRI study of brain activation due to tactile motion Neuroimage. 13(6), S1166-S1166
• NEWTON,J., FRANCIS,S., SLEIGH,A., SUNDERLAND,A. and GOWLAND,P., 2001. Use of multi-echo functional MR imaging to assess somatosensory activation Neuroimage. 13(6 (Supplement 1)), 918
• CLARE, S., FRANCIS, S., MORRIS, P.G. and BOWTELL, R., 2001. Single-shot T*₂ measurement to establish optimum echo time for fMRI: studies of the visual, motor and auditory cortices at 3.0 T Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 45(5), 930-933
• O'DOHERTY, J., ROLLS, E.T., FRANCIS, S., BOWTELL, R.W., MCGLONE, F., KOBAL, G, RENNER, B. and AHNE, G., 2000. Sensory-specific satiety-related olfactory activation of the human orbitofrontal cortex NeuroReport. 11(4), 893-897
• FRANCIS, S.T., KELLY, E.F., BOWTELL, R.W., DUNSEATH, W.J., FOLGER, S.E. and MCGLONE, F., 2000. FMRI of the responses to vibratory stimulation of digit tips Neuroimage. 11(3), 188-202
• O'DOHERTY, J., ROLLS, E.T., FRANCIS, S., BOWTELL, R.W., MCGLONE, F., KOBAL, G., RENNER, B. and AHNE, G., 2000. Sensory-specific satiety-related olfactory activation of the human orbitofrontal cortex NeuroReport. 11(2), 399-403
• FRANCIS, S.T., GOWLAND, P.A. and BOWTELL, R.W., 1999. Continuous saturation EPI with diffusion weighting at 3.0 T NMR in Biomedicine. 12(7), 440-450
• FRANCIS, S., ROLLS, E.T., BOWTELL, R.W., MCGLONE, F., O'DOHERTY, J., BROWNING, A., CLARE, S. and SMITH, E., 1999. The representation of pleasant touch in the brain and its relationship with taste and olfactory areas NeuroReport. 10(3), 453-459
• GOWLAND, P.A., FRANCIS, S.T., DUNCAN, K.R., FREEMAN, A.J., ISSA, B., MOORE, R.J., BOWTELL, R.W., BAKER, P.N., JOHNSON, I.R. and WORTHINGTON, B.S., 1998. In vivo perfusion measurements in the human placenta using echo planar imaging at 0.5T Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 40(3), 467-473
• FRANCIS, S T, DUNCAN, K R, MOORE, R J, BAKER, P N, JOHNSON, I R and GOWLAND, P A, 1998. Non-invasive mapping of placental perfusion. Lancet. 351(9113), 1397-9
• DUNCAN, K. R., GOWLAND, P., FRANCIS, S., MOORE, R., BAKER, P. N. and JOHNSON, I. R., 1998. The Investigation of Placental Relaxation and Estimation of Placental Perfusion Using Echo-planar Magnetic Resonance Imaging Placenta. VOL 19(NUMBER 7), 539-544