Alexander Tarr

Contact

• workRoom W/A1328c Microbiology
  Queen's Medical Centre
  Nottingham
  NG7 2UH
  UK
• work0115 74 86468
• fax0115 8230759
• Alex.Tarr@nottingham.ac.uk

Teaching Summary

Co-course lead, MSc Clinical Microbiology (Distance Learning)

Module convenor, LIFE4008 Viral Pathogenesis & Infections

Module co-convenor, LIFE4112, Core Research Methods: Transferable Skills

Module convenor LIFE4121 Viral Pathogenesis & Infections (distance learning)

Module co-convenor LIFE4133 Core Research Methods: Transferable Skills (distance learning)

Undergraduate teaching: I contribute to modules LIFE2010 (Medical Microbiology) and LIFE2080 (Infection & Immunity), contributing lectures on cancers of viral aetiology, innate and adaptive immune responses to virus infections, and mechanisms of virus evasion of host immunity.

Postgraduate teaching: I contribute lectures on virus replication strategies, anti-viral immunity, viral oncogenesis, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, HIV-1 and herpesviruses. I also contribute sessions on data analysis & presentation and oral presentation skills.

External teaching: I contribute to MSc teaching at the London School of Medicine and Tropical Diseases.

Research Summary

Having established a research group at the University of Nottingham in 2014, Dr Tarr has focussed on investigations of virus entry pathways, undertaking investigations of liver-tropic viruses… read more

Selected Publications

• URBANOWICZ RA, MCCLURE CP, BROWN RJ, TSOLERIDIS T, PERSSON MA, KREY T, IRVING WL, BALL JK and TARR AW, 2015. A Diverse Panel of Hepatitis C Virus Glycoproteins for Use in Vaccine Research Reveals Extremes of Monoclonal Antibody Neutralization Resistance. Journal of virology. 90(7), 3288-301
• URBANOWICZ RA and TARR AW, 2016. Novel functional hepatitis C virus glycoprotein isolates identified using an optimised viral pseudotype entry assay. The Journal of general virology.
• TARR, A.W., LAFAYE, P., MEREDITH, L., DAMIER-PIOLLE, L., URBANOWICZ, R.A., MEOLA, A., JESTIN, J.-L., BROWN, R.J.P., MCKEATING, J.A., REY, F.A., BALL, J.K. and KREY, T., 2013. An alpaca nanobody inhibits hepatitis C virus entry and cell-to-cell transmission Hepatology. 58(3), 932-939
• ASTBURY, S., COSTA NUNES SOARES, M. M., PEPRAH, E., KING, B., JARDIM, A. C. G., SHIMIZU, J. F., JALAL, P., SAEED, C. H., SABEER, F. T., IRVING, W. L., TARR, A. W. and MCCLURE, C. P., 2020. Nanopore sequencing from extraction-free direct PCR of dried serum spots for portable hepatitis B virus drug-resistance typing: J Clin Virol J Clin Virol. 129, 104483

• View all publications

Current Research

Having established a research group at the University of Nottingham in 2014, Dr Tarr has focussed on investigations of virus entry pathways, undertaking investigations of liver-tropic viruses including hepatitis B virus, equine hepacivirus and ebolaviruses. He has a research interest in the ability of pattern recognition receptors produced in the liver to block virus entry, and how this is coordinated with the host antibody response. In 2020, this established expertise led to investigations of the antibody responses in COVID-19, contributions to the rollout of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the UK, and research into the pathogenesis of coronavirus infections.

Ongoing research projects are investigating:

1) Analysis of the receptor usage of hepatitis B virus. This has developed new assays for investigating the molecular events in the early stages of the HBV replication cycle.

2) Analysis of the potential for lectins to modulate the entry of viruses. This has provided new insights into the mechanisms of entry enhancement of ebolaviruses by carbohydrate-binding proteins.

3) Species tropism of hepaciviruses. This research is determining the impact of genetic variation on entry specificity of equine hepacivirus.

Collectively this research is addressing the wider challenge of limiting virus infections and preventing cross-species transmission of a range of viruses.

Past Research

Dr Alexander Tarr studied for a PhD in molecular virology at the University of Nottingham, investigating the antibody response to human immunodeficiency virus. He then undertook postdoctoral research examining the consequences of genetic diversity on the molecular events that occur during the entry of hepatitis C virus, and consequences for the host response to infection. This research was funded by an EU Framework 5-funded programme, and by the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions. This research led to increased understanding of the detailed mechanisms of HCV entry and how antibodies inhibit virus entry. This research has subsequently been used world-wide in the testing of immunotherapies and vaccines for HCV.

• STOCKDALE, S. R., BLANCHARD, A. A., NAYAK, A., HUSAIN, A., NASHINE, R., DUDANI, H., MCCLURE, C. P., TARR, A. W., NAG, A., MEENA, E., SINHA, V., SHRIVASTAVA, S. K., HILL, C., SINGER, A. C., GOMES, R. L., ACHEAMPONG, E., CHIDAMBARAM, S. B., BHATNAGAR, T., VETRIVEL, U., ARORA, S., KASHYAP, R. S. and MONAGHAN, T. M., 2023. RNA-Seq of untreated wastewater to assess COVID-19 and emerging and endemic viruses for public health surveillance: The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia. 14,
• ADEBOYEJO, K., KING, B. J., TSOLERIDIS, T., TARR, A. W., MCLAUCHLAN, J., IRVING, W. L., BALL, J. K. and MCCLURE, C. P., 2023. Hepatitis C subtyping assay failure in UK patients born in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for global treatment and elimination: J Med Virol J Med Virol. 95(1), e28178
• BAMBER, HOLLY N, KIM, JON JIN, REYNOLDS, BEN C, AFZAAL, JAVAIRIYA, LUNN, ANDREW J, TIGHE, PATRICK J, IRVING, WILLIAM L and TARR, ALEXANDER W, 2023. Increasing SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among UK pediatric patients on dialysis and kidney transplantation between January 2020 and August 2021. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany).
• ARANDHARA, VICTORIA L., MCCLURE, CHARLES PATRICK, TARR, ALEXANDER W., CHAPPELL, SALLY, MORGAN, KEVIN, BAUMERT, THOMAS F., IRVING, WILLIAM L. and BALL, JONATHAN K., 2023. Scavenger receptor class B type I genetic variants associated with disease severity in chronic hepatitis C virus infection JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY. 95(1),
• ADEBOYEJO, KAZEEM, KING, BARNABAS J., TSOLERIDIS, THEOCHARIS, TARR, ALEXANDER W., MCLAUCHLAN, JOHN, IRVING, WILLIAM L., BALL, JONATHAN K. and MCCLURE, C. PATRICK, 2023. Hepatitis C subtyping assay failure in UK patients born in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for global treatment and elimination JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY. 95(1),
• TURNBULL, JAMES, JHA, RAKESH, ORTORI, CATHERINE A, LUNT, ELEANOR, TIGHE, PATRICK J, IRVING, WILLIAM L, GOHIR, SAMEER A, KIM, DONG-HYUN, VALDES, ANA M, TARR, ALEXANDER W, BARRETT, DAVID A and CHAPMAN, VICTORIA, 2022. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators and specialised pro-resolving molecules are increased in SARS-CoV-2 patients and correlate with markers of the adaptive immune response The Journal of Infectious Diseases.
• ADEBOYEJO, KAZEEM, KING, BARNABAS J, TSOLERIDIS, THEOCHARIS, TARR, ALEXANDER W, MCLAUCHLAN, JOHN, IRVING, WILLIAM L, BALL, JONATHAN K and MCCLURE, C PATRICK, 2022. Hepatitis C subtyping assay failure in UK patients born in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for global treatment and elimination. Journal of medical virology.
• VOYSEY M, CLEMENS SAC, MADHI SA, WECKX LY, FOLEGATTI PM, ALEY PK, ANGUS B, BAILLIE VL, BARNABAS SL, BHORAT QE, BIBI S, BRINER C, CICCONI P, COLLINS AM, COLIN-JONES R, CUTLAND CL, DARTON TC, DHEDA K, DUNCAN CJA, EMARY KRW, EWER KJ, FAIRLIE L, FAUST SN, FENG S, FERREIRA DM, FINN A, GOODMAN AL, GREEN CM, GREEN CA, HEATH PT, HILL C, HILL H, HIRSCH I, HODGSON SHC, IZU A, JACKSON S, JENKIN D, JOE CCD, KERRIDGE S, KOEN A, KWATRA G, LAZARUS R, LAWRIE AM, LELLIOTT A, LIBRI V, LILLIE PJ, MALLORY R, MENDES AVA, MILAN EP, MINASSIAN AM, MCGREGOR A, MORRISON H, MUJADIDI YF, NANA A, O'REILLY PJ, PADAYACHEE SD, PITTELLA A, PLESTED E, POLLOCK KM, RAMASAMY MN, RHEAD S, SCHWARZBOLD AV, SINGH N, SMITH A, SONG R, SNAPE MD, SPRINZ E, SUTHERLAND RK, TARRANT R, THOMSON EC, TOROK ME, TOSHNER M, TURNER DPJ, VEKEMANS J, VILLAFANA TL, WATSON MEE, WILLIAMS CJ, DOUGLAS AD, HILL AVS, LAMBE T, GILBERT SC, POLLARD AJ and OXFORD COVID VACCINE TRIAL GROUP, 2021. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK Lancet. 397(10269), 99-111
• URBANOWICZ, RICHARD A, TSOLERIDIS, THEOCHARIS, JACKSON, HANNAH J, CUSIN, LOLA, DUNCAN, JOSHUA D, CHAPPELL, JOSEPH G, TARR, ALEXANDER W, NIGHTINGALE, JESSICA, NORRISH, ALAN R, IKRAM, ADEEL, MARSON, BEN, CRAXFORD, SIMON J, KELLY, ANTHONY, AITHAL, GURUPRASAD P, VIJAY, AMRITA, TIGHE, PATRICK J, BALL, JONATHAN K, VALDES, ANA M and OLLIVERE, BENJAMIN J, 2021. Two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine enhances antibody responses to variants in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Science translational medicine.
• VOYSEY, M., CLEMENS, S. A. C., MADHI, S. A., WECKX, L. Y., FOLEGATTI, P. M., ALEY, P. K., ANGUS, B., BAILLIE, V. L., BARNABAS, S. L., BHORAT, Q. E., BIBI, S., BRINER, C., CICCONI, P., COLLINS, A. M., COLIN-JONES, R., CUTLAND, C. L., DARTON, T. C., DHEDA, K., DUNCAN, C. J. A., EMARY, K. R. W., EWER, K. J., FAIRLIE, L., FAUST, S. N., FENG, S., FERREIRA, D. M., FINN, A., GOODMAN, A. L., GREEN, C. M., GREEN, C. A., HEATH, P. T., HILL, C., HILL, H., HIRSCH, I., HODGSON, S. H. C., IZU, A., JACKSON, S., JENKIN, D., JOE, C. C. D., KERRIDGE, S., KOEN, A., KWATRA, G., LAZARUS, R., LAWRIE, A. M., LELLIOTT, A., LIBRI, V., LILLIE, P. J., MALLORY, R., MENDES, A. V. A., MILAN, E. P., MINASSIAN, A. M., MCGREGOR, A., MORRISON, H., MUJADIDI, Y. F., NANA, A., O'REILLY, P. J., PADAYACHEE, S. D., PITTELLA, A., PLESTED, E., POLLOCK, K. M., RAMASAMY, M. N., RHEAD, S., SCHWARZBOLD, A. V., SINGH, N., SMITH, A., SONG, R., SNAPE, M. D., SPRINZ, E., SUTHERLAND, R. K., TARRANT, R., THOMSON, E. C., TOROK, M. E., TOSHNER, M., TURNER, D. P. J., VEKEMANS, J., VILLAFANA, T. L., WATSON, M. E. E., WILLIAMS, C. J., DOUGLAS, A. D., HILL, A. V. S., LAMBE, T., GILBERT, S. C., POLLARD, A. J. and OXFORD, COVID VACCINE TRIAL GROUP, 2021. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK: Lancet Lancet. 397(10269), 99-111
• URBANOWICZ, RICHARD A., TSOLERIDIS, THEOCHARIS, JACKSON, HANNAH J., CUSIN, LOLA, DUNCAN, JOSHUA D., CHAPPELL, JOSEPH G., TARR, ALEXANDER W., NIGHTINGALE, JESSICA, NORRISH, ALAN R., IKRAM, ADEEL, MARSON, BEN, CRAXFORD, SIMON J., KELLY, ANTHONY, AITHAL, GURUPRASAD P., VIJAY, AMRITA, TIGHE, PATRICK J., BALL, JONATHAN K., VALDES, ANA M. and OLLIVERE, BENJAMIN J., 2021. Two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine enhance antibody responses to variants in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE. 13(609),
• ASTBURY, STUART, SOARES, MARCIA MARIA COSTA NUNES, PEPRAH, EMMANUEL, KING, BARNABAS, JARDIM, ANA CAROLINA GOMES, SHIMIZU, JACQUELINE FARINHA, JALAL, PAYWAST, SAEED, CHIMAN H., SABEER, FURAT T., IRVING, WILLIAM L., TARR, ALEXANDER W. and MCCLURE, C. PATRICK, 2020. Nanopore sequencing from extraction-free direct PCR of dried serum spots for portable hepatitis B virus drug-resistance typing Journal of Clinical Virology. 129, 104483
• SHAW, JOSEPH, GOSAIN, RAJENDRA, KALITA, MONOJ MON, FOSTER, TOSHANA L, KANKANALA, JAYAKANTH, MAHATO, D RAM, ABAS, SONIA, KING, BARNABAS J, SCOTT, CLAIRE, BROWN, EMMA, BENTHAM, MATTHEW J, WETHERILL, LAURA, BLOY, ABIGAIL, SAMSON, ADEL, HARRIS, MARK, MANKOURI, JAMEL, ROWLANDS, DAVID J, MACDONALD, ANDREW, TARR, ALEXANDER W, FISCHER, WOLFGANG B, FOSTER, RICHARD and GRIFFIN, STEPHEN, 2020. Rationally derived inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) p7 channel activity reveal prospect for bimodal antiviral therapy. eLife. 9,
• TIGHE, PATRICK J., URBANOWICZ, RICHARD A., FAIRCLOUGH, C. LUCY, MCCLURE, C. PATRICK, THOMSON, BRIAN J., GOMEZ, NANCY, CHAPPELL, JOSEPH G., TSOLERIDIS, THEOCHARIS, LOOSE, MATTHEW, CARLILE, MATTHEW, MOORE, CHRISTOPHER, HOLMES, NADINE, SANG, FEI, HRUSHIKESH, DIVYATEJA, CLARK, GEMMA, TEMPERTON, NIGEL, BROOKS, TIM, BALL, JONATHAN K., IRVING, WILLIAM L. and TARR, ALEXANDER W., 2020. Potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses are Associated with Better Prognosis in Hospital Inpatient COVID-19 Disease: medRxiv medRxiv. 2020.08.22.20176834
• SHAW, J., GOSAIN, R., KALITA, M. M., FOSTER, T. L., KANKANALA, J., MAHATO, D. R., ABAS, S., KING, B. J., SCOTT, C., BROWN, E., BENTHAM, M. J., WETHERILL, L., BLOY, A., SAMSON, A., HARRIS, M., MANKOURI, J., ROWLANDS, D. J., MACDONALD, A., TARR, A. W., FISCHER, W. B., FOSTER, R. and GRIFFIN, S., 2020. Rationally derived inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) p7 channel activity reveal prospect for bimodal antiviral therapy: Elife Elife. 9,
• BROWN, R. J. P., TEGTMEYER, B., SHELDON, J., KHERA, T., ANGGAKUSUMA,, TODT, D., VIEYRES, G., WELLER, R., JOECKS, S., ZHANG, Y., SAKE, S., BANKWITZ, D., WELSCH, K., GINKEL, C., ENGELMANN, M., GEROLD, G., STEINMANN, E., YUAN, Q., OTT, M., VONDRAN, F. W. R., KREY, T., STROH, L. J., MISKEY, C., IVICS, Z., HERDER, V., BAUMGARTNER, W., LAUBER, C., SEIFERT, M., TARR, A. W., MCCLURE, C. P., RANDALL, G., BAKTASH, Y., PLOSS, A., THI, V. L. D., MICHAILIDIS, E., SAEED, M., VERHOYE, L., MEULEMAN, P., GOEDECKE, N., WIRTH, D., RICE, C. M. and PIETSCHMANN, T., 2020. Liver-expressed Cd302 and Cr1l limit hepatitis C virus cross-species transmission to mice: Sci Adv Sci Adv. 6(45),
• HOWSON-WELLS, H. C., WINCKLES, S., ALIKER, C., TARR, A. W., IRVING, W. L., CLARK, G. and MCCLURE, C. P., 2020. Enterovirus subtyping in a routine UK laboratory setting between 2013 and 2017: J Clin Virol J Clin Virol. 132, 104646
• MERAT, S. J., BRU, C., VAN DE BERG, D., MOLENKAMP, R., TARR, A. W., KOEKKOEK, S., KOOTSTRA, N. A., PRINS, M., BALL, J. K., BAKKER, A. Q., DE JONG, M. D., SPITS, H., BEAUMONT, T. and SCHINKEL, J., 2020. Erratum to: 'Cross-genotype AR3-specific neutralizing antibodies confer long-term protection in injecting drug users after HCV clearance' (J Hepatol 2019; 71(1): 14-24): J Hepatol J Hepatol. 73(4), 999-1000
• ASTBURY, S., COSTA NUNES SOARES, M. M., PEPRAH, E., KING, B., JARDIM, A. C. G., SHIMIZU, J. F., JALAL, P., SAEED, C. H., SABEER, F. T., IRVING, W. L., TARR, A. W. and MCCLURE, C. P., 2020. Nanopore sequencing from extraction-free direct PCR of dried serum spots for portable hepatitis B virus drug-resistance typing: J Clin Virol J Clin Virol. 129, 104483
• BAGASI, A. A., HOWSON-WELLS, H. C., CLARK, G., TARR, A. W., SOO, S., IRVING, W. L. and MCCLURE, C. P., 2020. Human Bocavirus infection and respiratory tract disease identified in a UK patient cohort: J Clin Virol J Clin Virol. 129, 104453
• DUNCAN, J. D., URBANOWICZ, R. A., TARR, A. W. and BALL, J. K., 2020. Hepatitis C Virus Vaccine: Challenges and Prospects: Vaccines (Basel) Vaccines (Basel). 8(1),
• JALAL PJ, KING BJ, SAEED A, ADEDEJI Y, MASON CP, BALL JK, IRVING WL, MCCLURE CP and TARR AW, 2019. Elevated serum activity of MBL and ficolin-2 as biomarkers for progression to hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic HCV infection. Virology. 530, 99-106
• JALAL PJ, URBANOWICZ RA, HORNCASTLE E, PATHAK M, GODDARD C, SAEED A, MASON CP, BALL JK, IRVING WL, MCCLURE CP, KING BJ and TARR AW, 2019. Expression of human ficolin-2 in hepatocytes confers resistance to infection by diverse hepatotropic viruses. Journal of medical microbiology. 68(4), 642-648
• WRENSCH F, LIGAT G, HEYDMANN L, SCHUSTER C, ZEISEL MB, PESSAUX P, HABERSETZER F, KING BJ, TARR AW, BALL JK, WINKLER M, PÖHLMANN S, KECK ZY, FOUNG SKH and BAUMERT TF, 2019. Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Proteins Mediate Viral Evasion in Acute and Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). (In Press.)
• MERAT SJ, BRU C, VAN DE BERG D, MOLENKAMP R, TARR AW, KOEKKOEK S, KOOTSTRA NA, PRINS M, BALL JK, BAKKER AQ, DE JONG MD, SPITS H, BEAUMONT T and SCHINKEL J, 2019. Cross-genotype AR3-specific neutralizing antibodies confer long-term protection in injecting drug users after HCV clearance. Journal of hepatology. 71(1), 14-24
• KING B, URBANOWICZ R, TARR AW, BALL JK and MCCLURE CP, 2018. InFusion Cloning for the Generation of Biologically Relevant HCV Chimeric Molecular Clones. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). 1911, 93-104
• WRENSCH, FLORIAN, HEYDMANN, LAURA, LIGAT, GAETAN, ZEISEL, MIRJAM B., PESSAUX, PATRICK, HABERSETZER, FRANCOIS, KING, BARNABAS J., TARR, ALEXANDER W., BALL, JONATHAN K., KECK, ZHEN-YONG, SCHUSTER, CATHERINE, FOUNG, STEVEN and BAUMERT, THOMAS F., 2018. Ifitm-Mediated Viral Immune Evasion in Acute and Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection HEPATOLOGY. 68, 126A-126A
• TARR, ALEXANDER W., BACKX, MATTHIJS, HAMED, MOHAMED R., URBANOWICZ, RICHARD A., MCCLURE, C. PATRICK, BROWN, RICHARD J. P. and BALL, JONATHAN K., 2018. Immunization with a synthetic consensus hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein ectodomain elicits virus-neutralizing antibodies ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH. 160, 25-37
• URBANOWICZ RA, BALL JK and TARR AW, 2018. Cloning and Analysis of Authentic Patient-Derived HCV E1/E2 Glycoproteins. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). 1911, 275-294
• KHERA T, BEHRENDT P, BANKWITZ D, BROWN RJP, TODT D, DOEPKE M, KHAN AG, SCHULZE K, LAW J, LOGAN M, HOCKMAN D, WONG JAJ, DOLD L, GONZALEZ-MOTOS V, SPENGLER U, VIEJO-BORBOLLA A, STRÖH LJ, KREY T, TARR AW, STEINMANN E, MANNS MP, KLEIN F, GUZMAN CA, MARCOTRIGIANO J, HOUGHTON M and PIETSCHMANN T, 2018. Functional and immunogenic characterization of diverse HCV glycoprotein E2 variants. Journal of hepatology. 70(4), 593-602
• CLEMENTI N, CRISCUOLO E, CAPPELLETTI F, QUARANTA P, PISTELLO M, DIOTTI RA, SAUTTO GA, TARR AW, MAILLAND F, CONCAS D, BURIONI R, CLEMENTI M and MANCINI N, 2017. Entry inhibition of HSV-1 and -2 protects mice from viral lethal challenge. Antiviral research. 143, 48-61
• KING, BARNABAS and TARR, ALEXANDER, 2017. How have retrovirus pseudotypes contributed to our understanding of viral entry Future Virology. 12(10),
• KING, B., TEMPERTON, N., GREHAN, K., SCOTT, S., WRIGHT, E., TARR, A.W. and DALY, J.M., 2016. Technical considerations for the generation of novel pseudotyped viruses: Future Virology Future Virology. In press,
• URBANOWICZ, R. A., MCCLURE, C.P., BROWN, R.J.P, TSOERIDIS, T., PERSSON, M.A.A., KREY, T., IRVING, W., BALL, J.K. and TARR, A.W., 2016. A diverse panel of Hepatitis C Virus glycoproteins for use in vaccine research reveals extremes of monoclonal antibody neutralization resistance: Journal of Virology J Virol. In press,
• FERNS, R. B., TARR, A. W., HUE, S., URBANOWICZ, R. A., MCCLURE, C. P., GILSON, R., BALL, J. K., NASTOULI, E., GARSON, J. A. and PILLAY, D., 2016. Hepatitis C virus quasispecies and pseudotype analysis from acute infection to chronicity in HIV-1 co-infected individuals: Virology Virology. 492, 213-24
• 2016. Flexible and rapid construction of viral chimeras applied to Hepatitis C Virus. The Journal of general virology. (In Press.)
• KING, BARNABAS, TEMPERTON, NIGEL J., GREHAN, KEITH, SCOTT, SIMON D., WRIGHT, EDWARD, TARR, ALEXANDER W. and DALY, JANET M., 2016. Technical considerations for the generation of novel pseudotyped viruses FUTURE VIROLOGY. 11(1), 47-59
• FERNS RB, TARR AW, HUE S, URBANOWICZ RA, MCCLURE CP, GILSON R, BALL JK, NASTOULI E, GARSON JA and PILLAY D, 2016. Hepatitis C virus quasispecies and pseudotype analysis from acute infection to chronicity in HIV-1 co-infected individuals. Virology. 492, 213-24
• URBANOWICZ RA and TARR AW, 2016. Novel functional hepatitis C virus glycoprotein isolates identified using an optimised viral pseudotype entry assay. The Journal of general virology.
• MCCLURE, C. PATRICK, URBANOWICZ, RICHARD A., KING, BARNABAS J., CANO-CRESPO, SARA, TARR, ALEXANDER W. and BALL, JONATHAN K., 2016. Flexible and rapid construction of viral chimeras applied to hepatitis C virus JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY. 97, 2187-2193
• URBANOWICZ, RICHARD A., MCCLURE, C. PATRICK, KING, BARNABAS, MASON, CHRISTOPHER P., BALL, JONATHAN K. and TARR, ALEXANDER W., 2016. Novel functional hepatitis C virus glycoprotein isolates identified using an optimized viral pseudotype entry assay JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY. 97, 2265-2279
• URBANOWICZ, RICHARD A., MCCLURE, C. PATRICK, BROWN, RICHARD J. P., TSOLERIDIS, THEOCHARIS, PERSSON, MATS A. A., KREY, THOMAS, IRVING, WILLIAM L., BALL, JONATHAN K. and TARR, ALEXANDER W., 2016. A Diverse Panel of Hepatitis C Virus Glycoproteins for Use in Vaccine Research Reveals Extremes of Monoclonal Antibody Neutralization Resistance JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY. 90(7), 3288-3301
• HEDEGAARD DL, TULLY DC, ROWE IA, REYNOLDS GM, BEAN DJ, HU K, DAVIS C, WILHELM A, OGILVIE CB, POWER KA, TARR AW, KELLY D, ALLEN TM, BALFE P and MCKEATING JA, 2016. High resolution sequencing of hepatitis C virus reveals limited intra-hepatic compartmentalization in end-stage liver disease. Journal of hepatology. 66(1), 28-38
• MASON, CHRISTOPHER P. and TARR, ALEXANDER W., 2015. Human Lectins and Their Roles in Viral Infections MOLECULES. 20(2), 2229-2271
• TARR, ALEXANDER W., KHERA, TANVI, HUEGING, KATHRIN, SHELDON, JULIE, STEINMANN, EIKE, PIETSCHMANN, THOMAS and BROWN, RICHARD J. P., 2015. Genetic Diversity Underlying the Envelope Glycoproteins of Hepatitis C Virus: Structural and Functional Consequences and the Implications for Vaccine Design VIRUSES-BASEL. 7(7), 3995-4046
• MEOLA, ANNALISA, TARR, ALEXANDER W., ENGLAND, PATRICK, MEREDITH, LUKE W., MCCLURE, C. PATRICK, FOUNG, STEVEN K. H., MCKEATING, JANE A., BALL, JONATHAN K., REY, FELIX A. and KREY, THOMAS, 2015. Structural Flexibility of a Conserved Antigenic Region in Hepatitis C Virus Glycoprotein E2 Recognized by Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY. 89(4), 2170-2181
• HAKAMI, ABDULRAHIM R., BALL, JONATHAN K. and TARR, ALEXANDER W., 2015. Non-ionic detergents facilitate non-specific binding of M13 bacteriophage to polystyrene surfaces JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS. 221, 1-8
• KING, BARNABAS, TEMPERTON, NIGEL J., GREHAN, KEITH, SCOTT, SIMON D., WRIGHT, EDWARD, TARR, ALEXANDER W. and DALY, JANET M., 2015. Technical considerations for the generation of novel pseudotyped viruses: Future Virology Future Virology. 11(1), 47-59
• URBANOWICZ RA, MCCLURE CP, BROWN RJ, TSOLERIDIS T, PERSSON MA, KREY T, IRVING WL, BALL JK and TARR AW, 2015. A Diverse Panel of Hepatitis C Virus Glycoproteins for Use in Vaccine Research Reveals Extremes of Monoclonal Antibody Neutralization Resistance. Journal of virology. 90(7), 3288-301
• ROBERTS APE, DOIDGE R, TARR AW and JOPLING CL, 2014. The P body protein LSm1 contributes to stimulation of hepatitis C virus translation, but not replication, by microRNA-122. Nucleic acids research. 42, 1257-1269
• BALL JK, TARR AW and MCKEATING JA, 2014. The past, present and future of neutralizing antibodies for hepatitis C virus. Antiviral research. (In Press.)
• NG PP, KUO C, WANG S, EINAV S, ARCAINI L, PAULLI M, PORTLOCK CS, MARCOTRIGIANO J, TARR A, BALL J, LEVY R and LEVY S, 2014. B cell receptors expressed by lymphomas of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients rarely react with the viral proteins. Blood. (In Press.)
• KIM YC, TARR AW and PENFOLD CN, 2014. Colicin import into E. coli cells: A model system for insights into import mechanisms of bacteriocins. Biochimica et biophysica acta. (In Press.)
• MEREDITH LW, FARQUHAR MJ, TARR AW and MCKEATING JA, 2014. Type I interferon rapidly restricts infectious hepatitis C virus particle genesis. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). (In Press.)
• HAMED MR, BROWN RJP, ZOTHNER C, URBANOWICZ RA, MASON CP, KRARUP A, MCCLURE CP, IRVING WL, BALL JK, HARRIS M, HICKLING TP and TARR AW, 2014. Recombinant human L-ficolin directly neutralizes hepatitis C virus entry. Journal of innate immunity. 6(5), 676-84
• MEOLA A, TARR AW, ENGLAND P, MEREDITH LW, MCCLURE CP, FOUNG SKH, MCKEATING JA, BALL JK, REY FA and KREY T, 2014. Structural Flexibility of a Conserved Broadly Neutralizing Epitope in Hepatitis C Virus Glycoprotein E2. Journal of virology. (In Press.)
• LACEK K, URBANOWICZ RA, TROISE F, DE LORENZO C, SEVERINO V, DI MARO A, TARR AW, FERRARA F, PLOSS A, TEMPERTON N, BALL JK, NICOSIA A, CORTESE R and PESSI A, 2014. Dramatic Potentiation of the Antiviral Activity of HIV Antibodies by Cholesterol Conjugation. The Journal of biological chemistry. 289(50), 35015-28
• HAMED MR,, BROWN RJ, ZOTHNER C, URBANOWICZ RA, MASON CP, KRARUP A, MCCLURE CP, IRVING WL, BALL JK HARRIS M, HICKLING TP and TARR AW, 2014. Recombinant human L-ficoin directly neutralizes hepatitis C virus entry. Journal of Innate Immunity. 6, 676-684
• NG, PATRICK P., KUO, CHIUNG-CHI, WANG, STANLEY, EINAV, SHIRIT, ARCAINI, LUCA, PAULLI, MARCO, PORTLOCK, CAROL S., MARCOTRIGIANO, JOSEPH, TARR, ALEXANDER, BALL, JONATHAN, LEVY, RONALD and LEVY, SHOSHANA, 2014. B-cell receptors expressed by lymphomas of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients rarely react with the viral proteins BLOOD. 123(10), 1512-1515
• KIM, YOUNG CHAN, TARR, ALEXANDER W. and PENFOLD, CHRISTOPHER N., 2014. Colicin import into E. coli cells: A model system for insights into the import mechanisms of bacteriocins BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH. 1843(8), 1717-1731
• BROWN, RICHARD J. P., KOUTSOUDAKIS, GEORGE, URBANOWICZ, RICHARD A., MIRZA, DEEMAN, GINKEL, CORINNE, RIEBESEHL, NINA, CALLAND, NOEMIE, ALBECKA, ANNA, PRICE, LOUISA, HUDSON, NATALIA, DESCAMPS, VERONIQUE, BACKX, MATTHIJS, MCCLURE, C. PATRICK, DUVERLIE, GILLES, PECHEUR, EVE-ISABELLE, DUBUISSON, JEAN, PEREZ-DEL-PULGAR, SOFIA, FORNS, XAVIER, STEINMANN, EIKE, TARR, ALEXANDER W., PIETSCHMANN, THOMAS and BALL, JONATHAN K., 2014. Analysis of Serine Codon Conservation Reveals Diverse Phenotypic Constraints on Hepatitis C Virus Glycoprotein Evolution JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY. 88(1), 667-678
• TARR, A.W., LAFAYE, P., MEREDITH, L., DAMIER-PIOLLE, L., URBANOWICZ, R.A., MEOLA, A., JESTIN, J.-L., BROWN, R.J.P., MCKEATING, J.A., REY, F.A., BALL, J.K. and KREY, T., 2013. An alpaca nanobody inhibits hepatitis C virus entry and cell-to-cell transmission Hepatology. 58(3), 932-939
• SAUTTO, GIUSEPPE, TARR, ALEXANDER W., MANCINI, NICASIO and CLEMENTI, ANDMASSIMO, 2013. Structural and Antigenic Definition of Hepatitis C Virus E2 Glycoprotein Epitopes Targeted by Monoclonal Antibodies CLINICAL & DEVELOPMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY.
• SAUTTO G, TARR AW, MANCINI N and CLEMENTI M, 2013. Structural and antigenic definition of hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein epitopes targeted by monoclonal antibodies. Clinical & developmental immunology. 2013, 450963
• BROWN, R.J.P., KOUTSOUDAKIS, G., URBANOWICZ, R.A., MIRZA, D., GINKEL, C., RIEBESEHL, N., CALLAND, N., ALBECKA, A., PRICE, L., HUDSON, N., DESCAMPS, V., BACKX, M., MCCLURE, C.P., DUVERLIE, G., PECHEUR, E., DUBUISSON, J., PEREZ-DEL-PULGAR, S., FORNS, X., STEINMANN, E., TARR, A.W., PIETSCHMANN, T. and BALL, J.K., 2013. Analysis of serine codon conservation reveals diverse phenotypic constraints on Hepatitis C Virus glycoprotein evolution Journal of Virology. n/a(n/a), n/a
• EDWARDS VC, TARR AW, URBANOWICZ RA and BALL JK, 2012. The role of neutralizing antibodies in hepatitis C virus infection. The Journal of general virology. 93(Pt 1), 1-19
• TARR, AW, URBANOWICZ, RA and BALL, JK, 2012. The role of humoral innate immunity in hepatitis C virus infection Viruses. 4(1), 1-27
• TARR, A.W., URBANOWICZ, R.A., JAYARAJ, D., BROWN, R.J.P., MCKEATING, J.A., IRVING, W.L. and BALL, J.K., 2012. Naturally occurring antibodies that recognize linear epitopes in the amino terminus of the hepatitis C virus E2 protein confer noninterfering, additive neutralization Journal of Virology. 86(5), 2739-2749
• TARR AW, URBANOWICZ RA and BALL JK, 2012. The role of humoral innate immunity in hepatitis C virus infection. Viruses. 4(1), 1-27
• TARR AW, URBANOWICZ RA, JAYARAJ D, BROWN RJP, MCKEATING JA, IRVING WL and BALL JK, 2012. Naturally occurring antibodies that recognize linear epitopes in the amino terminus of the hepatitis C virus E2 protein confer noninterfering, additive neutralization. Journal of virology. 86(5), 2739-49
• ALBECKA, A., MONTSERRET, R., KREY, T., TARR, A.W., DIESIS, E., BALL, J.K., DESCAMPS, V., DUVERLIE, G., REY, F., PENIN, F. and DUBUISSON, J., 2011. Identification of new functional regions in hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein E2 Journal of Virology. 85(4), 1777-1792
• TARR, A.W., URBANOWICZ, R.A., HAMED, M.R., ALBECKA, A., MCCLURE, C.P., BROWN, R.J.P., IRVING, W.L., DUBUISSON, J. and BALL, J.K., 2011. Hepatitis C patient-derived glycoproteins exhibit marked differences in susceptibility to serum neutralizing antibodies: genetic subtype defines antigenic but not neutralization serotype Journal of Virology. 85(9), 4246-4257
• TARR AW, URBANOWICZ RA, HAMED MR, ALBECKA A, MCCLURE CP, BROWN RJP, IRVING WL, DUBUISSON J and BALL JK, 2011. Hepatitis C patient-derived glycoproteins exhibit marked differences in susceptibility to serum neutralizing antibodies: genetic subtype defines antigenic but not neutralization serotype. Journal of virology. 85(9), 4246-57
• BROWN, K.S., KEOGH, M.J., OWSIANKA, A.M., ADAIR, R., PATEL, A.H., ARNOLD, J.N., BALL, J.K., SIM, R.B., TARR, A.W. and HICKLING, T.P., 2010. Specific interaction of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins with mannan binding lectin inhibits virus entry Protein & Cell. 1(7), 664-674
• HAMED, M.R.B., TARR, A.W., MCCLURE, C.P., BALL, J.K., HICKLING, T.P. and IRVING, W.L., 2008. Association of antibodies to hepatitis C virus glycoproteins 1 and 2 (anti-E1E2) with HCV disease Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 15(5), 339-345
• OWSIANKA, ANIA M, TARR, ALEXANDER W, KECK, ZHEN-YONG, LI, TA-KAI, WITTEVELDT, JEROEN, ADAIR, RICHARD, FOUNG, STEVEN K H, BALL, JONATHAN K and PATEL, ARVIND H, 2008. Broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to the hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein. Journal of General Virology. 89(Pt 3), 653-9
• OWSIANKA, A, TARR, AW, KECK, Z-Y, LI, T-K, WITTEVELDT, J, ADAIR, R, FOUNG, S.K and BALL, J.K. & PATEL, A.H., 2008. Broadly neutralizing human antibodies to the hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein Journal of General Virology. 89, 653-659
• PEROTTI, M., MANCINI, N., DIOTTI, R.A., TARR, A.W., BALL, J.K., OWSIANKA, A., ADAIR, R., PATEL, A.H., CLEMENTI, M. and BURIONI, R., 2008. Identification of a broadly cross-reacting and neutralizing human monoclonal antibody directed against the hepatitis C virus E2 protein Journal of Virology. 82(2), 1047-1052
• LAW, M., MARUYAMA, T., LEWIS, J., GIANG, E., TARR, A.W., STAMATAKI, Z., GASTAMINZA, P., CHISARI, F.V., JONES, I.M., FOX, R.I., BALL, J.K., MCKEATING, J.A., KNETEMAN, N.M. and BURTON, D.R., 2008. Broadly neutralizing antibodies protect against hepatitis C virus quasispecies challenge Nature Medicine. 14(1), 25-27
• TARR, ALEXANDER W, OWSIANKA, ANIA M, JAYARAJ, DHANYA, BROWN, RICHARD J P, HICKLING, TIMOTHY P, IRVING, WILLIAM L, PATEL, ARVIND H and BALL, JONATHAN K, 2007. Determination of the human antibody response to the epitope defined by the hepatitis C virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody AP33. Journal of General Virology. 88(Pt 11), 2991-3001
• BROWN RJP, TARR AW, MCCLURE P, JUTTLA VS, TAGIURI N, IRVING WL, BALL JK., 2007. Cross-genotype characterization of genetic diversity and molecular adaptation in hepatitis C virus envelope glycoproteins. Journal of General Virology. 88, 458-469
• LAW,, MARUYAMA,, LEWIS,, GIANG,, TARR,, STAMATAKI,, GASTAMINZA,, CHISARI,, JONES,, FOX,, BALL,, MCKEATING,, KNETEMAN, and BURTON,, 2007. Broadly neutralizing antibodies protect against hepatitis C virus quasispecies challenge. Nature Medicine.
• TARR, ALEXANDER W, OWSIANKA, ANIA M, SZWEJK, ALEXANDRA, BALL, JONATHAN K and PATEL, ARVIND H, 2007. Cloning, expression, and functional analysis of patient-derived hepatitis C virus glycoproteins. Methods in Molecular Biology. 379, 177-97
• JOHANSSON, DANIEL X, VOISSET, CÉCILE, TARR, ALEXANDER W, AUNG, MIE, BALL, JONATHAN K, DUBUISSON, JEAN and PERSSON, MATS A A, 2007. Human combinatorial libraries yield rare antibodies that broadly neutralize hepatitis C virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104(41), 16269-74
• TARR, A.W, OWSIANKA, A.M, SZWEJK, A and BALL, J.K. & PATEL, A.H., 2007. Cloning, expression and functional analysis of patient-derrived hepatitis C virus glycoproteins. In: SUGRUE, R.J., ed., Glycovirology Protocols Humana Press. 177-198
• TARR, A.W., OWSIANKA, A.M., TIMMS, J.M., MCCLURE, C.P., BROWN, R.J.P., HICKLING, T.P., PIETSCHMANN, T., BARTENSCHLAGER, R., PATEL, A.H. and BALL, J.K., 2006. Characterization of the hepatitis C virus E2 epitope defined by the broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody AP33. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). 43(3), 592-601
• OWSIANKA, A.M, TIMMS, J.M., TARR, A.W., BROWN, R.J.P., HICKLING, T.P., SZWEJK, A., BIENKOWSKA-SZEWCZYK, K., THOMSON, B.J., PATEL, A.H. and BALL, J.K., 2006. Identification of conserved residues in the E2 envelope glycoprotein of the hepatitis C virus that are critical for CD81 binding. Journal of Virology. 80(17), 8695-8704
• BROWN RJP, JUTTLA VS, FINNIS R, TARR AW, HEMSLEY S, FLOWER DR, BORROW P, IRVING WL, BALL JK., 2005. Evolutionary dynamics of Hepatitis C virus envelope genes during chronic infection. Journal of General Virology. 86, 1931-1942
• OWSIANKA, A., TARR, A.W., JUTTLA, V.S., LAVILLETTE, D., BARTOSCH, B., COSSET, F.-L., BALL, J.K. and PATEL, A.H., 2005. Monoclonal antibody AP33 defines a broadly neutralizing epitope on the hepatitis C virus E2 envelope glycoprotein Journal of Virology. 79(17), 11095-11104
• YAMADA, E., MONTOYA, M., SCHUETTLER, C.G., HICKLING, T.P., TARR, A.W., VITELLI, A., DUBUISSON, J., PATEL, A.H., BALL, J.K. and BORROW, P., 2005. Analysis of the binding of hepatitis C virus genotype 1a and 1b E2 glycoproteins to peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets. Journal of General Virology. 86(9), 2507-2512
• LAVILLETTE, D., TARR, A.W., VOISSET, C., DONOT, P., BARTOSCH, B., BAIN, C., PATEL, A.H., DUBUISSON, J., BALL, J.K. and COSSET, F.-L., 2005. Characterization of host-range and cell entry properties of the major genotypes and subtypes of hepatitis C virus. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). 41(2), 265-274
• TARR, A. W., BONEHAM, S. P., GRABOWSKA, A. M. and BALL, J. K., 2005. Tagged polymerase chain reaction subtractive hybridization for the enrichment of phage display random peptide libraries Analytical Biochemistry. VOL 339(NUMBER 1), 61-68
• BROWN, RICHARD J. P., HUDSON, NATALIA, WILSON, GARRICK, REHMAN, SHAFIQ UR, JABBARI, SARA, HU, KE, TARR, ALEXANDER W., BORROW, PERSEPHONE, JOYCE, MICHAEL, LEWIS, JAMIE, ZHU, LIN FU, LAW, MANSUN, KNETEMAN, NORMAN, TYRRELL, D. LORNE, MCKEATING, JANE A. and BALL, JONATHAN K., Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Fitness Defines Virus Population Composition following Transmission to a New Host JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY. 86(22), 11956-11966