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Jonathan Ball

Professor of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences

Personal Details
Science Communication
Research
Publications

Contact

workRoom Microbiology, A Floor West Block QMC
Queen's Medical Centre
Nottingham
NG7 2UH
UK
work0115 82 30745
fax0115 82 30759
jonathan.ball@nottingham.ac.uk
www.nottingham.ac.uk/life-sciences

Biography

I have temporarily replaced my biography with a request for research help.

We are currently recruiting healthy volunteers who have fully recovered from a laboratory confirmed diagnosis of COVID19 (novel coronavirus) infection to donate a small sample of blood for ongoing antibody studies. If you would like to take part in this study then please email me (jonathan.ball@nottingham.ac.uk) ensuring that the subject line contains the following phrase "COVID Antibody Study".

Expertise Summary

Our interests focus on antibody-based vaccine and/or therapeutic monoclonal antibody discovery for emerging virus infections such as Ebola, Lassa Fever, Nipah, SARS-related coronaviruses to name a few. Antibody discovery platforms being utilised include direct single cell cloning of human and/or bovine antibody repertoires. As part of this work, we also investigate the role of virus evolution in antibody escape and also its influence on cell and host tropism. Finally, we are applying high throughput DNA sequencing (metagenomics) for virus discovery, then using surrogate cell infection assays (especially lentivirus and retrovirus-based pseudovirus assays) to determine the host-range, and therefore zoonotic and epizootic potential (ie. species-jumps) of newly discovered viruses. IN collaboration with colleagues in the School fo Veterinary Medicine and Science, we apply this knowledge to animal viruses, such as Bluetongue virus.

Research Summary

Selected Publications

URBANOWICZ RA, MCCLURE CP, SAKUNTABHAI A, SALL AA, KOBINGER G, MÜLLER MA, HOLMES EC, REY FA, SIMON-LORIERE E and BALL JK, 2016. Human Adaptation of Ebola Virus during the West African Outbreak. Cell. 167(4), 1079-1087.e5
LACEK K, URBANOWICZ RA, TROISE F, DE LORENZO C, SEVERINO V, DI MARO A, TARR AW, FERRARA F, PLOSS A, TEMPERTON N, BALL JK, NICOSIA A, CORTESE R and PESSI A, 2014. Dramatic Potentiation of the Antiviral Activity of HIV Antibodies by Cholesterol Conjugation. The Journal of biological chemistry. 289(50), 35015-28
URBANOWICZ, R. A., MCCLURE, C. P., BROWN, R. J., TSOLERIDIS, T., PERSSON, M. A., KREY, T., IRVING, W. L., BALL, J. K. and TARR, A. W., 2016. A Diverse Panel of Hepatitis C Virus Glycoproteins for Use in Vaccine Research Reveals Extremes of Monoclonal Antibody Neutralization Resistance: J Virol J Virol. 90(7), 3288-301
MCCLURE, C. P., URBANOWICZ, R. A., KING, B. J., CANO-CRESPO, S., TARR, A. W. and BALL, J. K., 2016. Flexible and rapid construction of viral chimeras applied to Hepatitis C Virus: J Gen Virol J Gen Virol.

View all publications

Following my British Science Association media fellowship at the BBC, I have become an avid science communicator. Here are some of my online and radio pieces, and I am always looking for opportunities for more, so please get in touch!

Broadcast radio packages

1. Report on global warming and increased risk of exotic viral infections. BBC World Service Health Check. First broadcast on 19^th September 2012 and repeated on 20^th and 23^rd September 2012.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00ys6mq

2. Report on the science of viral zoonoses. BBC World Service Science in Action. First broadcast on 4^th October 2012 and repeated on the 5^th October 2012.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00yk1pw

Published articles since fellowship

1. Expert opinion: Schmallenberg virus is here to stay

https://www.agra-net.net/agra/animal-pharm/regions/europe/schmallenberg-virus-is-here-to-stay-says-uk-academic-29565.htm

2. Viewpoint: Farm virus spreads to deer

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-21541997

3. What Ebola virus means for primate populations

http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/20593634

4. Winter bugs: A yearly battle for dominance

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-20910554

Published articles

1. English language 'originated in Turkey'

www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19368988

2. More planets could harbour life

www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-1954518

3. Fish oils 'help slow age decline'

www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19494801

4. Goby fish 6,000km apart share eyeless common ancestor

www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19440500

5. Nanoparticle 'risk' to food crops

www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19320267

6. Neanderthal breeding idea doubted

www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19250778

7. Fruit flies learn to spot eligible females by smell

www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-1929906

8. Lethal snake viruses identified

www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19261506

9. System could warn of solar storms

www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19276003

10. Triassic amber yields 'ancient mites'

www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19400520

11. Karate punching power 'all in the brain'

www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19290320

12. Chimpanzee grooming is a 'postcode lottery'

www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19410351

13. 'Super soup' test in asthma trial

www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19514334

14. Brian Cox: Science cash hike 'a wise gamble'

www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19513921

15. Antarctica warmth 'unusual, but not unique'

www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19348427

16. Small dinosaur 'hunted like cat'

www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19426885

17. Nudge tactics 'no magic bullet'

www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19506608

18. Stereotypes 'evolve like language', say researchers

www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19487021

Radio production and research

1. Identified and researched item on potential use of bateriophage for the treatment of acne. BBC World Service Health Check. First broadcast on 26^th September and repeated on 27^th September 2012.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00z1jx9

2. Researched and prepared briefing notes for items on Integrated Assessment Models and on bumblebee navigation and helped with production. BBC Radio 4 Material World. First broadcast on 20^th September and repeated on 24^th September 2012.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01mqq9x

3. Researched and prepared briefing notes for an item celebrating the anniversary of the publication of the book Silent Spring and helped with production. BBC Radio 4 Material World. First broadcast on 27^th September 2012.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01mwzwj

Current Research

We are particularly interested in understanding how genetic variability influences envelope glycoprotein structure and function, and defining the host antibody response to these proteins. Ultimately we aim to use this knowledge to design new antibody-based vaccines and treatments. Current research is focussed on the emerging viruses SARS-CoV-2 (the cause of COVID19), Lassa Fever, Nipah and Rabies, as well as blood borne viruses like HCV.

Following a British Science Association Media Fellowship, I have become a science communicator convert and continue to be involved with broadcast media and write scientific articles for outlets such as BBC News.

Future Research

Clinical trials of antibody-based vaccines and treatments.

WRENSCH F, LIGAT G, HEYDMANN L, SCHUSTER C, ZEISEL MB, PESSAUX P, HABERSETZER F, KING BJ, TARR AW, BALL JK, WINKLER M, PÖHLMANN S, KECK ZY, FOUNG SKH and BAUMERT TF, 2019. Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Proteins Mediate Viral Evasion in Acute and Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). (In Press.)
MERAT SJ, BRU C, VAN DE BERG D, MOLENKAMP R, TARR AW, KOEKKOEK S, KOOTSTRA NA, PRINS M, BALL JK, BAKKER AQ, DE JONG MD, SPITS H, BEAUMONT T and SCHINKEL J, 2019. Cross-genotype AR3-specific neutralizing antibodies confer long-term protection in injecting drug users after HCV clearance. Journal of hepatology. 71(1), 14-24
FITZGERALD, JAMES M., PERERA, GAYAN, CHANG-TAVE, ALEXANDRA, PRICE, ANNABEL, RAJKUMAR, ANTO P., BHATTARAI, MANORAMA, O'BRIEN, JOHN T., BALLARD, CLIVE, AARSLAND, DAG, STEWART, ROBERT and MUELLER, CHRISTOPH, 2019. The Incidence of Recorded Delirium Episodes Before and After Dementia Diagnosis: Differences Between Dementia With Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer's Disease JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION. 20(5), 604-609
JALAL PJ, URBANOWICZ RA, HORNCASTLE E, PATHAK M, GODDARD C, SAEED A, MASON CP, BALL JK, IRVING WL, MCCLURE CP, KING BJ and TARR AW, 2019. Expression of human ficolin-2 in hepatocytes confers resistance to infection by diverse hepatotropic viruses. Journal of medical microbiology. 68(4), 642-648
JALAL PJ, KING BJ, SAEED A, ADEDEJI Y, MASON CP, BALL JK, IRVING WL, MCCLURE CP and TARR AW, 2019. Elevated serum activity of MBL and ficolin-2 as biomarkers for progression to hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic HCV infection. Virology. 530, 99-106
TSOLERIDIS T, CHAPPELL JG, ONIANWA O, MARSTON DA, FOOKS AR, MONCHATRE-LEROY E, UMHANG G, MÜLLER MA, DREXLER JF, DROSTEN C, TARLINTON RE, MCCLURE CP, HOLMES EC and BALL JK, 2019. Shared Common Ancestry of Rodent Alphacoronaviruses Sampled Globally. Viruses. 11(2),
URBANOWICZ RA, WANG R, SCHIEL JE, KECK ZY, KERZIC MC, LAU P, RANGARAJAN S, GARAGUSI KJ, TAN L, GUEST JD, BALL JK, PIERCE BG, MARIUZZA RA, FOUNG SKH and FUERST TR, 2019. Antigenicity and Immunogenicity of Differentially Glycosylated Hepatitis C Virus E2 Envelope Proteins Expressed in Mammalian and Insect Cells. Journal of virology. 93(7),
WRENSCH, FLORIAN, HEYDMANN, LAURA, LIGAT, GAETAN, ZEISEL, MIRJAM B., PESSAUX, PATRICK, HABERSETZER, FRANCOIS, KING, BARNABAS J., TARR, ALEXANDER W., BALL, JONATHAN K., KECK, ZHEN-YONG, SCHUSTER, CATHERINE, FOUNG, STEVEN and BAUMERT, THOMAS F., 2018. Ifitm-Mediated Viral Immune Evasion in Acute and Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection HEPATOLOGY. 68, 126A-126A
KING B, URBANOWICZ R, TARR AW, BALL JK and MCCLURE CP, 2018. InFusion Cloning for the Generation of Biologically Relevant HCV Chimeric Molecular Clones. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). 1911, 93-104
BAILEY JR, URBANOWICZ RA, BALL JK, LAW M and FOUNG SKH, 2018. Standardized Method for the Study of Antibody Neutralization of HCV Pseudoparticles (HCVpp). Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). 1911, 441-450
BAGASI AA, KHANDAKER T, CLARK G, AKAGHA T, BALL JK, IRVING WL and MCCLURE CP, 2018. Trichodysplasia Spinulosa Polyomavirus in Respiratory Tract of Immunocompromised Child. Emerging infectious diseases. 24(9), 1744-1746
TARR AW, BACKX M, HAMED MR, URBANOWICZ RA, MCCLURE CP, BROWN RJP and BALL JK, 2018. Immunization with a synthetic consensus hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein ectodomain elicits virus-neutralizing antibodies. Antiviral research. 160, 25-37
URBANOWICZ RA, BALL JK and TARR AW, 2018. Cloning and Analysis of Authentic Patient-Derived HCV E1/E2 Glycoproteins. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). 1911, 275-294
MCCLURE, C. P., URBANOWICZ, R. A., KING, B. J., CANO-CRESPO, S., TARR, A. W. and BALL, J. K., 2016. Flexible and rapid construction of viral chimeras applied to Hepatitis C Virus: J Gen Virol J Gen Virol.
URBANOWICZ, R. A., MCCLURE, C. P., BROWN, R. J., TSOLERIDIS, T., PERSSON, M. A., KREY, T., IRVING, W. L., BALL, J. K. and TARR, A. W., 2016. A Diverse Panel of Hepatitis C Virus Glycoproteins for Use in Vaccine Research Reveals Extremes of Monoclonal Antibody Neutralization Resistance: J Virol J Virol. 90(7), 3288-301
URBANOWICZ RA, MCCLURE CP, SAKUNTABHAI A, SALL AA, KOBINGER G, MÜLLER MA, HOLMES EC, REY FA, SIMON-LORIERE E and BALL JK, 2016. Human Adaptation of Ebola Virus during the West African Outbreak. Cell. 167(4), 1079-1087.e5
TSOLERIDIS T, ONIANWA O, HORNCASTLE E, DAYMAN E, ZHU M, DANJITTRONG T, WACHTL M, BEHNKE JM, CHAPMAN S, STRONG V, DOBBS P, BALL JK, TARLINTON RE and MCCLURE CP, 2016. Discovery of Novel Alphacoronaviruses in European Rodents and Shrews. Viruses. 8(3), 84
URBANOWICZ, RICHARD A., MCCLURE, C. PATRICK, SAKUNTABHAI, ANAVAJ, SALL, AMADOU A., KOBINGER, GARY, MUELLER, MARCEL A., HOLMES, EDWARD C., REY, FELIX A., SIMON-LORIERE, ETIENNE and BALL, JONATHAN K., 2016. Human Adaptation of Ebola Virus during the West African Outbreak CELL. 167(4), 1079-+
TAWAR, RAJIV G., HEYDMANN, LAURA, BACH, CHARLOTTE, SCHUTTRUMPF, JORG, CHAVAN, SHAILESH, KING, BARNABAS J., MCCLURE, C. PATRICK, BALL, JONATHAN K., PESSAUX, PATRICK, HABERSETZER, FRANCOIS, BARTENSCHLAGER, RALF, ZEISEL, MIRJAM B. and BAUMERT, THOMAS F., 2016. Broad neutralization of hepatitis C virus-resistant variants by Civacir hepatitis C immunoglobulin HEPATOLOGY. 64(5), 1495-1506
TSOLERIDIS, THEOCHARIS, ONIANWA, OKECHUKWU, HORNCASTLE, EMMA, DAYMAN, EMMA, ZHU, MIAORAN, DANJITTRONG, TAECHASIT, WACHTL, MARTA, BEHNKE, JERZY M., CHAPMAN, SARAH, STRONG, VICTORIA, DOBBS, PHILLIPA, BALL, JONATHAN K., TARLINTON, RACHAEL E. and MCCLURE, C. PATRICK, 2016. Discovery of Novel Alphacoronaviruses in European Rodents and Shrews VIRUSES-BASEL. 8(3),
FERNS, R. BRIDGET, TARR, ALEXANDER W., HUE, STEPHANE, URBANOWICZ, RICHARD A., MCCLURE, C. PATRICK, GILSON, RICHARD, BALL, JONATHAN K., NASTOULI, ELENI, GARSON, JEREMY A. and PILLAY, DEENAN, 2016. Hepatitis C virus quasispecies and pseudotype analysis from acute infection to chronicity in HIV-1 co-infected individuals VIROLOGY. 492, 213-224
URBANOWICZ, RICHARD A., MCCLURE, C. PATRICK, BROWN, RICHARD J. P., TSOLERIDIS, THEOCHARIS, PERSSON, MATS A. A., KREY, THOMAS, IRVING, WILLIAM L., BALL, JONATHAN K. and TARR, ALEXANDER W., 2016. A Diverse Panel of Hepatitis C Virus Glycoproteins for Use in Vaccine Research Reveals Extremes of Monoclonal Antibody Neutralization Resistance JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY. 90(7), 3288-3301
PACIELLO, ROLANDO, URBANOWICZ, RICHARD A., RICCIO, GENNARO, SASSO, EMANUELE, MCCLURE, C. PATRICK, ZAMBRANO, NICOLA, BALL, JONATHAN K., CORTESE, RICCARDO, NICOSIA, ALFREDO and DE LORENZO, CLAUDIA, 2016. Novel human anti-claudin 1 mAbs inhibit hepatitis C virus infection and may synergize with anti-SRB1 mAb JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY. 97, 82-94
VERCAUTEREN, KOEN, BROWN, RICHARD J. P., MESALAM, AHMED ATEF, DOERRBECKER, JULIANE, BHUJU, SABIN, GEFFERS, ROBERT, VAN DEN EEDE, NAOMI, MCCLURE, C. PATRICK, TROISE, FULVIA, VERHOYE, LIEVEN, BAUMERT, THOMAS, FARHOUDI, ALI, CORTESE, RICCARDO, BALL, JONATHAN K., LEROUX-ROELS, GEERT, PIETSCHMANN, THOMAS, NICOSIA, ALFREDO and MEULEMAN, PHILIP, 2016. Targeting a host-cell entry factor barricades antiviral-resistant HCV variants from on-therapy breakthrough in human-liver mice GUT. 65(12), 2029-2034
URBANOWICZ, RICHARD A., MCCLURE, C. PATRICK, KING, BARNABAS, MASON, CHRISTOPHER P., BALL, JONATHAN K. and TARR, ALEXANDER W., 2016. Novel functional hepatitis C virus glycoprotein isolates identified using an optimized viral pseudotype entry assay JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY. 97, 2265-2279
MCCLURE, C. PATRICK, URBANOWICZ, RICHARD A., KING, BARNABAS J., CANO-CRESPO, SARA, TARR, ALEXANDER W. and BALL, JONATHAN K., 2016. Flexible and rapid construction of viral chimeras applied to hepatitis C virus JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY. 97, 2187-2193
2016. Flexible and rapid construction of viral chimeras applied to Hepatitis C Virus. The Journal of general virology. (In Press.)
FERNS RB, TARR AW, HUE S, URBANOWICZ RA, MCCLURE CP, GILSON R, BALL JK, NASTOULI E, GARSON JA and PILLAY D, 2016. Hepatitis C virus quasispecies and pseudotype analysis from acute infection to chronicity in HIV-1 co-infected individuals. Virology. 492, 213-24
URBANOWICZ RA and TARR AW, 2016. Novel functional hepatitis C virus glycoprotein isolates identified using an optimised viral pseudotype entry assay. The Journal of general virology.
2016. Broad neutralization of hepatitis C virus resistant variants by Civacir® hepatitis C immune globulin. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). (In Press.)
PACIELLO, R., URBANOWICZ, R. A., RICCIO, G., SASSO, E., MCCLURE, C. P., ZAMBRANO, N., BALL, J. K., CORTESE, R., NICOSIA, A. and DE LORENZO, C., 2016. Novel human anti-claudin 1 mAbs inhibit hepatitis C virus infection and may synergize with anti-SRB1 mAb: J Gen Virol J Gen Virol. 97(1), 82-94
NIGRO, E., COLAVITA, I., SARNATARO, D., SCUDIERO, O., ZAMBRANO, G., GRANATA, V., DANIELE, A., CAROTENUTO, A., GALDIERO, S., FOLLIERO, V., GALDIERO, M., URBANOWICZ, R. A., BALL, J. K., SALVATORE, F. and PESSI, A., 2015. An ancestral host defence peptide within human beta-defensin 3 recapitulates the antibacterial and antiviral activity of the full-length molecule: Sci Rep Sci Rep. 5, 18450
PACIELLO R, URBANOWICZ RA, RICCIO G, SASSO E, MCCLURE CP, ZAMBRANO N, BALL JK, CORTESE R, NICOSIA A and DE LORENZO C, 2015. Novel human anti-claudin 1 mAbs inhibit hepatitis C virus infection and may synergize with anti-SRB1 mAb. The Journal of general virology. 97(1), 82-94
URBANOWICZ RA, MCCLURE CP, BROWN RJ, TSOLERIDIS T, PERSSON MA, KREY T, IRVING WL, BALL JK and TARR AW, 2015. A Diverse Panel of Hepatitis C Virus Glycoproteins for Use in Vaccine Research Reveals Extremes of Monoclonal Antibody Neutralization Resistance. Journal of virology. 90(7), 3288-301
HAKAMI, A. R., BALL, J. K. and TARR, A. W., 2015. Non-ionic detergents facilitate non-specific binding of M13 bacteriophage to polystyrene surfaces: J Virol Methods J Virol Methods. 221, 1-8
URBANOWICZ, R. A., LACEK, K., LAHM, A., BIENKOWSKA-SZEWCZYK, K., BALL, J. K., NICOSIA, A., CORTESE, R. and PESSI, A., 2015. Cholesterol conjugation potentiates the antiviral activity of an HIV immunoadhesin: J Pept Sci J Pept Sci. 21(9), 743-9
MEOLA, A., TARR, A. W., ENGLAND, P., MEREDITH, L. W., MCCLURE, C. P., FOUNG, S. K., MCKEATING, J. A., BALL, J. K., REY, F. A. and KREY, T., 2015. Structural flexibility of a conserved antigenic region in hepatitis C virus glycoprotein E2 recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies: J Virol J Virol. 89(4), 2170-81
BALL JK, TARR AW and MCKEATING JA, 2014. The past, present and future of neutralizing antibodies for hepatitis C virus. Antiviral research. (In Press.)
LACEK K, URBANOWICZ RA, TROISE F, DE LORENZO C, SEVERINO V, DI MARO A, TARR AW, FERRARA F, PLOSS A, TEMPERTON N, BALL JK, NICOSIA A, CORTESE R and PESSI A, 2014. Dramatic Potentiation of the Antiviral Activity of HIV Antibodies by Cholesterol Conjugation. The Journal of biological chemistry. 289(50), 35015-28
NG, P. P., KUO, C. C., WANG, S., EINAV, S., ARCAINI, L., PAULLI, M., PORTLOCK, C. S., MARCOTRIGIANO, J., TARR, A., BALL, J., LEVY, R. and LEVY, S., 2014. B-cell receptors expressed by lymphomas of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients rarely react with the viral proteins: Blood Blood. 123(10), 1512-5
IRVING, W. L., RUPP, D., MCCLURE, C. P., THAN, L. M., TITMAN, A., BALL, J. K., STEINMANN, E., BARTENSCHLAGER, R., PIETSCHMANN, T. and BROWN, R. J., 2014. Development of a high-throughput pyrosequencing assay for monitoring temporal evolution and resistance associated variant emergence in the Hepatitis C virus protease coding-region: Antiviral Res Antiviral Res. 110, 52-9
HAMED MR, BROWN RJP, ZOTHNER C, URBANOWICZ RA, MASON CP, KRARUP A, MCCLURE CP, IRVING WL, BALL JK, HARRIS M, HICKLING TP and TARR AW, 2014. Recombinant human L-ficolin directly neutralizes hepatitis C virus entry. Journal of innate immunity. 6(5), 676-84
IRVING WL, RUPP D, MCCLURE CP, THAN LM, TITMAN A, BALL JK, STEINMANN E, BARTENSCHLAGER R, PIETSCHMANN T and BROWN RJP, 2014. Development of a high-throughput pyrosequencing assay for monitoring temporal evolution and resistance associated variant emergence in the Hepatitis C virus protease coding-region. Antiviral research. 110, 52-9
CP MCCLURE, C BOWMAN, I GEARY, C RYAN, JK BALL and A ELEY, 2013. HIV-1 co-receptor expression and epithelial immune cells of the cervix in asymptomatic women attending a genitourinary medicine clinic HIV Med.. 14(2), 108-14
EDWARDS V, MCCLURE CP, BROWN R, THOMSON E, IRVING WL and BALL J, 2013. Use of short-tandem repeat (STR) fingerprinting to validate sample origins in hepatitis C virus molecular epidemiology studies. The Journal of general virology. (In Press.)
BROWN, R.J.P., KOUTSOUDAKIS, G., URBANOWICZ, R.A., MIRZA, D., GINKEL, C., RIEBESEHL, N., CALLAND, N., ALBECKA, A., PRICE, L., HUDSON, N., DESCAMPS, V., BACKX, M., MCCLURE, C.P., DUVERLIE, G., PECHEUR, E., DUBUISSON, J., PEREZ-DEL-PULGAR, S., FORNS, X., STEINMANN, E., TARR, A.W., PIETSCHMANN, T. and BALL, J.K., 2013. Analysis of serine codon conservation reveals diverse phenotypic constraints on Hepatitis C Virus glycoprotein evolution Journal of Virology. n/a(n/a), n/a
TARR AW, URBANOWICZ R and BALL JK, 2012. The role of humoral innate immunity in hepatitis C virus infection Viruses. 4(1), 1-27
BROWN, R.J., HUDSON, N., WILSON, G., UR REHMAN, S., JABBARI, S., HU, K., TARR, A.W., BORROW, P., JOYCE, M., LEWIS, J., ZHU, L.F., LAW, M., KNETEMAN, N., TYRRELL, D.L., MCKEATING, J.A. and BALL, J.K., 2012. Hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein fitness defines virus population composition following transmission to a new host Journal of Virology. 86(22), 11956-11966
TARR, A.W., URBANOWICZ, R.A., JAYARAJ, D., BROWN, R.J.P., MCKEATING, J.A., IRVING, W.L. and BALL, J.K., 2012. Naturally occurring antibodies that recognize linear epitopes in the amino terminus of the hepatitis C virus E2 protein confer noninterfering, additive neutralization Journal of Virology. 86(5), 2739-2749
EDWARDS, V. C., TARR, A. W., URBANOWICZ, R. A. and BALL, J. K., 2012. The role of neutralizing antibodies in hepatitis C virus infection: J Gen Virol J Gen Virol. 93(Pt 1), 1-19
ALBECKA, A., MONTSERRET, R., KREY, T., TARR, A. W., DIESIS, E., BALL, J. K., DESCAMPS, V., DUVERLIE, G., REY, F., PENIN, F. and DUBUISSON, J., 2011. Identification of new functional regions in hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein E2: J Virol J Virol. 85(4), 1777-92
BROWN, R.J.P., PETERS, P.J., CARON, C., GONZALEZ-PEREZ, M.P., STONES, L., ANKGHUAMBOM, C., PONDEI, K., MCCLURE, C.P., ALEMNJI, G., TAYLOR, S., SHARP, P.M., CLAPHAM, P.R. and BALL, J.K., 2011. Intercompartmental recombination of HIV-1 contributes to env intrahost diversity and modulates viral tropism and sensitivity to entry inhibitors Journal of Virology. 85(12), 6024-6037
MUSICH, T., PETERS, P. J., DUENAS-DECAMP, M. J., GONZALEZ-PEREZ, M. P., ROBINSON, J., ZOLLA-PAZNER, S., BALL, J. K., LUZURIAGA, K. and CLAPHAM, P. R., 2011. A conserved determinant in the V1 loop of HIV-1 modulates the V3 loop to prime low CD4 use and macrophage infection Journal of Virology. 85(5), 2397-2405
SABO, M. C., LUCA, V. C., PRENTOE, J., HOPCRAFT, S. E., BLIGHT, K. J., YI, M., LEMON, S. M., BALL, J. K., BUKH, J., EVANS, M. J., FREMONT, D. H. and DIAMOND, M. S., 2011. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against hepatitis C virus E2 protein bind discontinuous epitopes and inhibit infection at a postattachment step: J Virol J Virol. 85(14), 7005-19
TARR, A. W., URBANOWICZ, R. A., HAMED, M. R., ALBECKA, A., MCCLURE, C. P., BROWN, R. J., IRVING, W. L., DUBUISSON, J. and BALL, J. K., 2011. Hepatitis C patient-derived glycoproteins exhibit marked differences in susceptibility to serum neutralizing antibodies: genetic subtype defines antigenic but not neutralization serotype: J Virol J Virol. 85(9), 4246-57
BROWN, K. S., KEOGH, M. J., OWSIANKA, A. M., ADAIR, R., PATEL, A. H., ARNOLD, J. N., BALL, J. K., SIM, R. B., TARR, A. W. and HICKLING, T. P., 2010. Specific interaction of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins with mannan binding lectin inhibits virus entry: Protein Cell Protein Cell. 1(7), 664-74
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MANCINI, N., DIOTTI, R. A., PEROTTI, M., SAUTTO, G., CLEMENTI, N., NITTI, G., PATEL, A. H., BALL, J. K., CLEMENTI, M. and BURIONI, R., 2009. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may elicit neutralizing antibodies targeting epitopes conserved in all viral genotypes: PLoS One PLoS One. 4(12), e8254
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KECK, Z. Y., LI, T. K., XIA, J. M., GAL-TANAMY, M., OLSON, O., LI, S. H., PATEL, A. H., BALL, J. K., LEMON, S. M. and FOUNG, S. K. H., 2008. Definition of a conserved immunodominant domain on hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein by neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies: Journal of Virology Journal of Virology. 82(12), 6061-6066
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OWSIANKA, ANIA M, TARR, ALEXANDER W, KECK, ZHEN-YONG, LI, TA-KAI, WITTEVELDT, JEROEN, ADAIR, RICHARD, FOUNG, STEVEN K H, BALL, JONATHAN K and PATEL, ARVIND H, 2008. Broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to the hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein. Journal of General Virology. 89(Pt 3), 653-9
KECK, ZHEN-YONG, LI, TA-KAI, XIA, JINMING, GAL-TANAMY, MEITAL, OLSON, OAKLEY, LI, SOPHIA H, PATEL, ARVIND H, BALL, JONATHAN K, LEMON, STANLEY M and FOUNG, STEVEN K H, 2008. Definition of a conserved immunodominant domain on hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein by neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies. Journal of virology. 82(12), 6061-6
PETERS, PAUL J, DUENAS-DECAMP, MARIA J, SULLIVAN, W MATTHEW, BROWN, RICHARD, ANKGHUAMBOM, CHIAMBAH, LUZURIAGA, KATHERINE, ROBINSON, JAMES, BURTON, DENNIS R, BELL, JEANNE, SIMMONDS, PETER and BALL, JONATH, 2008. Variation in HIV-1 R5 macrophage-tropism correlates with sensitivity to reagents that block envelope: CD4 interactions but not with sensitivity to other entry inhibitors. Retrovirology. 5, 5
HAMED, M.R.B., TARR, A.W., MCCLURE, C.P., BALL, J.K., HICKLING, T.P. and IRVING, W.L., 2008. Association of antibodies to hepatitis C virus glycoproteins 1 and 2 (anti-E1E2) with HCV disease Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 15(5), 339-345
TARR, ALEXANDER W, OWSIANKA, ANIA M, SZWEJK, ALEXANDRA, BALL, JONATHAN K and PATEL, ARVIND H, 2007. Cloning, expression, and functional analysis of patient-derived hepatitis C virus glycoproteins. Methods in Molecular Biology. 379, 177-97
JOHANSSON, D.X., VOISSET, C., TARR, A.W., AUNG, M., BALL, J.K., DUBUISSON, J. and PERSSON, M.A.A., 2007. Human combinatorial libraries yield rare antibodies that broadly neutralize hepatitis C virus Proceedings of the National Academy Of Sciences (USA). 104(41), 16269-16274
BROWN, K.S., KEOGH, M.J., TAGIURI, N., GRAINGE, M.J., PRESANIS, J.S., RYDER, S.D., IRVING, W.L., BALL, J.K., SIM, R.B. and HICKLING, T.P., 2007. Severe fibrosis in hepatitis C virus-infected patients is associated with increased activity of the mannan-binding lectin (MBL)/MBL-associated serine protease 1 (MASP-1) complex. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 147(1), 90-98
BROWN RJP, TARR AW, MCCLURE P, JUTTLA VS, TAGIURI N, IRVING WL, BALL JK., 2007. Cross-genotype characterization of genetic diversity and molecular adaptation in hepatitis C virus envelope glycoproteins. Journal of General Virology. 88, 458-469
TARR, ALEXANDER W, OWSIANKA, ANIA M, JAYARAJ, DHANYA, BROWN, RICHARD J P, HICKLING, TIMOTHY P, IRVING, WILLIAM L, PATEL, ARVIND H and BALL, JONATHAN K, 2007. Determination of the human antibody response to the epitope defined by the hepatitis C virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody AP33. Journal of General Virology. 88(Pt 11), 2991-3001
PETERS, P.J., SULLIVAN, W.M., DUENAS-DECAMP, M.J., BHATTACHARYA, J., ANKGHUAMBOM, C., BROWN, R., LAZURIAGA, K., BELL, J., SIMMONDS, P. and BALL, J., 2006. Non-macrophage-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 R5 envelopes predominate in blood, lymph nodes, and semen: implications for transmission and pathogenesis Journal of Virology. 80(13), 6324-6332
OWSIANKA, A.M, TIMMS, J.M., TARR, A.W., BROWN, R.J.P., HICKLING, T.P., SZWEJK, A., BIENKOWSKA-SZEWCZYK, K., THOMSON, B.J., PATEL, A.H. and BALL, J.K., 2006. Identification of conserved residues in the E2 envelope glycoprotein of the hepatitis C virus that are critical for CD81 binding. Journal of Virology. 80(17), 8695-8704
TARR, A.W., OWSIANKA, A.M., TIMMS, J.M., MCCLURE, C.P., BROWN, R.J.P., HICKLING, T.P., PIETSCHMANN, T., BARTENSCHLAGER, R., PATEL, A.H. and BALL, J.K., 2006. Characterization of the hepatitis C virus E2 epitope defined by the broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody AP33. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). 43(3), 592-601
TARR, A. W., BONEHAM, S. P., GRABOWSKA, A. M. and BALL, J. K., 2005. Tagged polymerase chain reaction subtractive hybridization for the enrichment of phage display random peptide libraries Analytical Biochemistry. VOL 339(NUMBER 1), 61-68
LAVILLETTE, D., TARR, A.W., VOISSET, C., DONOT, P., BARTOSCH, B., BAIN, C., PATEL, A.H., DUBUISSON, J., BALL, J.K. and COSSET, F.-L., 2005. Characterization of host-range and cell entry properties of the major genotypes and subtypes of hepatitis C virus. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). 41(2), 265-274
YAMADA, E., MONTOYA, M., SCHUETTLER, C.G., HICKLING, T.P., TARR, A.W., VITELLI, A., DUBUISSON, J., PATEL, A.H., BALL, J.K. and BORROW, P., 2005. Analysis of the binding of hepatitis C virus genotype 1a and 1b E2 glycoproteins to peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets. Journal of General Virology. 86(9), 2507-2512
OWSIANKA, A., TARR, A.W., JUTTLA, V.S., LAVILLETTE, D., BARTOSCH, B., COSSET, F.-L., BALL, J.K. and PATEL, A.H., 2005. Monoclonal antibody AP33 defines a broadly neutralizing epitope on the hepatitis C virus E2 envelope glycoprotein Journal of Virology. 79(17), 11095-11104
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MCCLURE, C.P., TIGHE, P.J., ROBINS, R.A., BANSAL, D., BOWMAN, C.A. and KINGSTON, M. BALL, J. K., 2005. HIV coreceptor and chemokine ligand gene expression in the male urethra and female cervix AIDS. 19(12), 1257-1265
MAVIN, S., JOSS, A. W. L., BALL, J. and HO-YEN, D. O., 2004. Do Toxoplasma gondii RH strain tachyzoites evolve during continuous passage? Journal of Clinical Pathology. VOL 57(PART 6), 609-611
CURRAN, R. and BALL, J. K., 2002. Concordance Between Semen-Derived HIV-1 Proviral DNA and Viral RNA Hypervariable Region 3 (V3) Envelope Sequences in Cases Where Semen Populations Are Distinct From Those Present in Blood Journal of Medical Virology. VOL 67(PART 1), 9-19
CURRAN, R., JAMESON, C. L., CRAGGS, J. K., GRABOWSKA, A. M., THOMSON, B. J., ROBINS, A., IRVING, W. L. and BALL, J. K., 2002. Evolutionary trends of the first hypervariable region of the hepatitis C virus E2 protein in individuals with differing liver disease severity Journal of General Virology. VOL 83(PART 1), 11-23
CRAGGS, J.K., BALL, J.K., THOMSON, B.J., IRVING, W.L. and GRABOWSKA, A.M., 2001. Development of a strand-specific RT-PCR based assay to detect the replicative form of hepatitis C virus RNA Journal of Virological Methods. 94(1-2), 111-120
GRABOWSKA, A.M., LECHNER, F., KLENERMAN, P., TIGHE, P.J., RYDER, S., BALL, J.K., THOMSON, B.J., IRVING, W.L. and ROBINS, R.A., 2001. Direct ex vivo comparison of the breadth and specificity of the T cells in the liver and peripheral blood of patients with chronic HCV infection European Journal of Immunology. 31(8), 2388-2394
BALL, J. K., CURRAN, R., BERRIDGE, S., GRABOWSKA, A. M., JAMESON, C. L., THOMSON, B. J., IRVING, W. L. and SHARP, P. M., 1999. TT virus sequence heterogeneity in vivo: evidence for co-infection with multiple genetic types Journal of General Virology. VOL 80(NUMBER 7), 1759-1768
IRVING, W. L., BALL, J. K., BERRIDGE, S., CURRAN, R., GRABOUSKA, A. M., JAMESON, C. L., NEAL, K. R., RYDER, S. D. and THOMSON, B. J., 1999. TT Virus Infection in Patients with Hepatitis C: Frequency. Persistence, and Sequence Heterogeneity Journal of Infectious Diseases. VOL 180(NUMBER 1), 27-34
BALL, J. K., CURRAN, R., IRVING, W. L. and DEARDEN, A. A., 1999. HIV-1 in Semen: Determination of Proviral and Viral Titres Compared to Blood, and Quantification of Semen Leukocyte Populations Journal of Medical Virology. VOL 59(NUMBER 3), 356-363
HOLLINGSWORTH, R. C., JAMESON, C. L., MINTON, J. E., CROWE, M., CURRAN, R., ROWE, T., GRABOWSKA, A. M., PILLAY, D., IRVING, W. L. and BALL, J. K., 1998. GBV-C/HGV Coinfection in HIV-1-Positive Men: Frequent Detection of Viral RNA in Blood Plasma But Absence From Seminal Fluid Plasma Journal of Medical Virology. VOL 56(NUMBER 4), 321-326
CULL, G. M., TIMMS, J. M., HAYNES, A. P., RUSSELL, N. H., IRVING, W. L., BALL, J. K. and THOMSON, B. J., 1998. Dendritic cells cultured from mononuclear cells and CD34 cells in myeloma do not harbour human herpesvirus 8 British Journal of Haematology. VOL 100(NUMBER 4), 793
BALL, J. K. and CURRAN, R., 1997. Production of Single-Stranded DNA using a Uracil-N-glycosylase-Mediated Asymmetric Polymerase Chain Reaction Method Analytical Biochemistry. VOL 253(NUMBER 2), 264-266